Highly nonlinear planar glass waveguides have been shown to be useful for all optical signal processing. However, the typical SMF-28 fiber to waveguide coupling loss of ~5dB/end remains a barrier to practical implementation. Low loss coupling to a fiber using vertical tapering of the waveguide film is analyzed for rib and nanowire waveguides and experimentally demonstrated for ribs showing polarization and wavelength independence over >300nm bandwidth. Tapers with essentially zero excess loss led to total losses from the waveguide to fiber core of 1.1dB per facet comprising only material absorption (0.75dB) and mode overlap loss (0.36dB), both of which can be eliminated with improvements to processing and materials.

© 2013 OSA

1. J. Van Erps, F. Luan, M. Pelusi, T. Iredale, S. Madden, D. Choi, D. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, H. Thienpont, and B. Eggleton, “High-resolution optical sampling of 640-Gb/s data using Four-Wave mixing in dispersion-engineered highly nonlinear As2S3 planar waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol.28(2), 209–215 (2010). [CrossRef]
2. M. Lamont, V. Ta'eed, M. Roelens, D. Moss, B. Eggleton, D. Choi, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davies, “Error-free wavelength conversion via cross-phase modulation in 5cm of As2S3 Chalcogenide glass rib waveguide,” Elec. Lett.43(17), 945–947 (2007). [CrossRef]
3. M. Pelusi, F. Luan, S. Madden, D. Choi, D. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, and B. Eggleton, “Wavelength conversion of high-speed phase and intensity modulated signals using a highly nonlinear Chalcogenide glass chip,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.22(1), 3–5 (2010). [CrossRef]
4. V. G. Ta’eed, M. R. Lamont, D. J. Moss, B. J. Eggleton, D. Y. Choi, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davies, “All optical wavelength conversion via cross phase modulation in Chalcogenide glass rib waveguides,” Opt. Express14(23), 11242–11247 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. J. Van Erps, J. Schröder, T. D. Vo, M. D. Pelusi, S. Madden, D. Y. Choi, D. A. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, and B. J. Eggleton, “Automatic dispersion compensation for 1.28Tb/s OTDM signal transmission using photonic-chip-based dispersion monitoring,” Opt. Express18(24), 25415–25421 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. V. Ta'eed, M. Pelusi, B. Eggleton, D. Choi, S. Madden, D. Bulla, and B. Luther-Davies, “Broadband wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s using long serpentine As2S3 planar waveguides,” Opt. Exp.15(23), 15047–15052 (2007). [CrossRef]
7. M. Pelusi, F. Luan, D. Choi, S. Madden, D. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, and B. Eggleton, “Optical phase conjugation by an As2S3 glass planar waveguide for dispersion-free transmission of WDM-DPSK signals over fiber,” Opt. Exp.18(25), 26686–26694 (2010). [CrossRef]
8. M. D. Pelusi, T. D. Vo, F. Luan, S. J. Madden, D. Y. Choi, D. A. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, and B. J. Eggleton, “Terahertz bandwidth RF spectrum analysis of femtosecond pulses using a Chalcogenide chip,” Opt. Express17(11), 9314–9322 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. R. Pant, C. Xiong, S. Madden, B. Davies, and B. Eggleton, “Investigation of all-optical analog-to-digital quantization using a Chalcogenide waveguide: A step towards on-chip analog-to-digital conversion,” Opt. Commun.283(10), 2258–2262 (2010). [CrossRef]
10. C. Xiong, G. Marshall, A. Peruzzo, M. Lobino, A. Clark, D. Choi, S. Madden, C. Natarajan, M. Tanner, R. Hadfield, S. Dorenbos, T. Zijlstra, V. Zwiller, M. Thompson, J. Rarity, M. Steel, B. Luther-Davies, B. Eggleton, and J. Obrien, “Generation of correlated photon pairs in a Chalcogenide As2S3 waveguide,” App. Phys. Lett.98, 051101–051103 (2011).
11. E. Teraoka, D. Broaddus, T. Kita, A. Tsukazaki, M. Kawasaki, A. Gaeta, and H. Yamada, “Self-phase modulation at visible wavelengths in nonlinear ZnO channel waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(7), 071105 (2010). [CrossRef]
12. C. C. Evans, K. Shtyrkova, J. D. Bradley, E. Ippen, and E. Mazur, “Spectral broadening of femtosecond pulses in polycrystalline anatase titanium dioxide waveguides,” paper JW4D.4. in Nonlinear Photonics, OSA Technical Digest, Optical Society of America, 2012.
13. C. Evans, J. Bradley, O. Reshef, E. Marti-Panameño, and E. Mazur, “Ultrafast all-optical switching in TiO2,” Nano-Optics for Enhancing Light-Matter Interactions on a Molecular Scale, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, ISBN 978–94–007–5312–9. Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht, 2013, p. 377.
14. W. Pernice, C. Xiong, C. Schuck, and H. Tang, “Second harmonic generation in phase matched aluminum nitride waveguides and micro-ring resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(22), 223501 (2012). [CrossRef]
15. M. Ferrera, L. Razzari, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, Z. Yang, M. Liscidini, J. Sipe, S. Chu, B. Little, and D. Moss, “Low-power continuous-wave nonlinear optics in doped silica glass integrated waveguide structures,” Nat. Photonics2(12), 737–740 (2008). [CrossRef]
16. A. Pasquazi, M. Peccianti, Y. Park, B. Little, S. Chu, R. Morandotti, J. Azaña, and D. Moss, “Sub-picosecond phase-sensitive optical pulse characterization on a chip,” Nat. Photonics5(10), 618–623 (2011). [CrossRef]
17. D. Duchesne, M. Peccianti, M. R. Lamont, M. Ferrera, L. Razzari, F. Légaré, R. Morandotti, S. Chu, B. E. Little, and D. J. Moss, “Supercontinuum generation in a high index doped silica glass spiral waveguide,” Opt. Express18(2), 923–930 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. J. Levy, A. Gondarenko, M. Foster, A. Turner-Foster, A. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “CMOS-compatible multiple-wavelength oscillator for on-chip optical interconnects,” Nat. Photonics4(1), 37–40 (2010). [CrossRef]
19. Y. Okawachi, K. Saha, J. S. Levy, Y. H. Wen, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Octave-spanning frequency comb generation in a silicon nitride chip,” Opt. Lett.36(17), 3398–3400 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. T. Ning, O. Hyvärinen, H. Pietarinen, T. Kaplas, M. Kauranen, and G. Genty, “Third-harmonic UV generation in Silicon nitride nanostructures,” Opt. Exp.21(2), 2012–2017 (2013). [CrossRef]
21. K. Saha, Y. Okawachi, B. Shim, J. Levy, R. Salem, A. Johnson, M. Foster, M. Lamont, M. Lipson, and A. Gaeta, “Modelocking and femtosecond pulse generation in chip-based frequency combs,” Opt. Exp.21(1), 1335–1343 (2013). [CrossRef]
22. A. Subramanian, G. Murugan, M. Zervas, and J. Wilkinson, “High index contrast Er:Ta2O5 waveguide amplifier on oxidised silicon,” Opt. Commun.285(2), 124–127 (2012). [CrossRef]
23. J. Bradley, L. Agazzi, D. Geskus, F. Ay, K. Wörhoff, and M. Pollnau, “Gain bandwidth of 80 nm and 2 dB/cm peak gain in Al2O3:Er3+ optical amplifiers on silicon,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B27(2), 187–196 (2010). [CrossRef]
24. R. Schermer, W. Berglund, C. Ford, R. Ramberg, and A. Gopinath, “Optical amplification at 1534nm in Erbium-doped Zirconia waveguides,” IEEE J. Quant. Elec.39(1), 154–159 (2003). [CrossRef]
25. K. Vu and S. Madden, “Tellurium dioxide Erbium doped planar rib waveguide amplifiers with net gain and 2.8dB/cm internal gain,” Opt. Exp.18(18), 19192–19200 (2010). [CrossRef]
26. C. Baker, J. Heikenfeld, Z. Yu, and A. Steckl, “Optical amplification and electroluminescence at 1.54μm in Er-doped Zinc silicate Germanate on Silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett.84(9), 1462–1464 (2004). [CrossRef]
27. X. Gai, S. Madden, D. Choi, D. Bulla, and B. Luther-Davies, “Dispersion engineered Ge11.5As24Se64.5 nanowires with a nonlinear parameter of 136W−1m−1 at 1550nm,” Opt. Exp.18(18), 18866–18874 (2010). [CrossRef]
28. S. J. Madden and K. T. Vu, “Very low loss reactively ion etched Tellurium dioxide planar rib waveguides for linear and non-linear optics,” Opt. Express17(20), 17645–17651 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
29. D. Choi, S. Madden, D. Bulla, R. Wang, A. Rode, and B. Luther-Davies, “Submicrometer-thick low-loss As2S3 planar waveguides for nonlinear optical devices,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.22(7), 495–497 (2010). [CrossRef]
30. J. Hu, N. N. Feng, N. Carlie, L. Petit, J. Wang, A. Agarwal, K. Richardson, and L. Kimerling, “Low-loss high-index-contrast planar waveguides with graded-index cladding layers,” Opt. Express15(22), 14566–14572 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
31. X. Xia, Q. Chen, C. Tsay, C. B. Arnold, and C. K. Madsen, “Low-loss Chalcogenide waveguides on lithium niobate for the mid-infrared,” Opt. Lett.35(19), 3228–3230 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
32. http://www.ozoptics.com .
33. B. Batagelj, “Conversion efficiency of fiber wavelength converter based on degenerate FWM,” in 2nd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2000 (2000), pp. 179–182.
34. I. Moerman, P. Van Daele, and P. Demeester, “A review on fabrication technologies for the monolithic integration of tapers with III-V semiconductor devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.3(6), 1308–1320 (1997). [CrossRef]
35. L. Vivien, X. Le Roux, S. Laval, E. Cassan, and D. Marris-Morini, “Design, realization, and characterization of 3-D taper for fiber/micro-waveguide coupling,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.12(6), 1354–1358 (2006). [CrossRef]
36. T. Tsuchizawa, K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Watanabe, M. Jun-ichi Takahashi, T. Takahashi, E. Shoji, S. Tamechika, Itabashi, and H. Morita, “Microphotonics devices based on silicon microfabrication technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.11(1), 232–240 (2005). [CrossRef]
37. T. Tsuchizawa, K. Yamada, T. Watanabe, H. Fukuda, H. Nishi, H. Shinojima, and S. Itabashi, “Spot-size converters for rib-type Silicon photonic wire waveguides” in 2008 5th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics(2008), pp. 200–202 (2008).
38. B. Ben Bakir, A. V. de Gyves, R. Orobtchouk, P. Lyan, C. Porzier, A. Roman, and J.-M. Fedeli, “Low-loss (< 1 dB) and polarization-insensitive edge fiber couplers fabricated on 200-mm Silicon-on-insulator Wafers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.22(11), 739–741 (2010). [CrossRef]
39. T. Shoji, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, and H. Morita, “Low loss mode size converter from 0.3 μm square Si wire waveguides to singlemode fibers,” Elec. Lett.38(25), 1669–1670 (2002). [CrossRef]
40. S. McNab, N. Moll, and Y. Vlasov, “Ultra-low loss photonic integrated circuit with membrane-type photonic crystal waveguides,” Opt. Express11(22), 2927–2939 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
41. V. R. Almeida, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, “Nanotaper for compact mode conversion,” Opt. Lett.28(15), 1302–1304 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
42. T. Wahlbrink, W. Tsai, M. Waldow, M. Forst, J. Bolten, T. Mollenhauer, and H. Kurz, “Fabrication of high efficiency SOI taper structures,” Microelectron. Eng.86(4-6), 1117–1119 (2009). [CrossRef]
43. P. K. Tien, R. J. Martin, and G. Smolinsky, “Formation of light-guiding interconnections in an integrated optical circuit by composite tapered-film coupling,” Appl. Opt.12(8), 1909–1916 (1973). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
44. S. Sottini, D. Grando, L. Palchetti, and E. Giorgetti, “Optical fiber-polymer guide coupling by a tapered graded index glass guide,” IEEE J. Quant. Elec.31(6), 1123–1130 (1995). [CrossRef]
45. F. Soares, F. Karouta, E. Geluk, J. van Zantvoort, H. de Waardt, R. Baets, and M. Smit, “Low loss InP based spot size converter based on a vertical taper,” in 12th European Conference on Integrated Optics (Grenoble, France, 2005), pp. 104–107.
46. R. Bellman, G. Bourdon, G. Alibert, A. Beguin, E. Guiot, L. Simpson, P. Lehuede, L. Guiziou, and E. LeGuen, “Ultralow loss high delta silica germania planar waveguides,” J. Electrochem. Soc.151(8), G541–G547 (2004). [CrossRef]
47. www.nufern.com .
48. www.fibercore.com .
49. M. Fadel, M. Bulters, M. Niemand, E. Voges, and P. Krummrich, “Low-loss and low-birefringence high-contrast Silicon-Oxynitride waveguides for optical communication,” J. Lightwave Technol.27(6), 698–705 (2009). [CrossRef]
50. H. Hanafusa, M. Horiguchi, and J. Noda, “Thermally diffused expanded core fibers for low loss and inexpensive photonic components,” Elec. Lett.27(21), 1968–1969 (1991). [CrossRef]
51. A. Martinez-Rios, I. Torres-Gomez, D. Monzon-Hernandez, O. Barbosa-Garcia, and V. Duran-Ramirez, “Reduction of splice loss between dissimilar fibers by tapering & fattening,” Rev. Mex. Fis.56, 80–84 (2010).
52. www.feasa.com .
53. www.microchem.com .
54. D. Bulla, R. Wang, A. Prasad, A. Rode, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davies, “On the properties and stability of thermally evaporated Ge-As-Se thin films,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.96(3), 615–625 (2009). [CrossRef]
55. www.microresist.de/home_en.htm .
56. M. Nordstrom, D. Zauner, A. Boisen, and J. Hubner, “Single-mode waveguides with SU-8 polymer core and cladding for MOEMS applications,” J. Lightwave Technol.25(5), 1284–1289 (2007). [CrossRef]
57. B. Yang, L. Yang, R. Hu, Z. Sheng, D. Dai, Q. Liu, and S. He, “Fabrication and characterization of small optical ridge waveguides based on SU-8 polymer,” J. Lightwave Technol.27(18), 4091–4096 (2009). [CrossRef]
58. S. Madden, D. Choi, A. Rode, and B. Luther-Davies, “Low loss etched Ge33As12Se55 Chalcogenide waveguides,” in Australian Conference on Optical Fiber Technology (2006), pp. 75–78.
59. D. Dai, Y. Tang, and J. E. Bowers, “Mode conversion in tapered submicron silicon ridge optical waveguides,” Opt. Express20(12), 13425–13439 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
60. T. Han, S. Madden, S. Debbarma, and B. Luther-Davies, “Improved method for hot embossing As2S3 waveguides employing a thermally stable Chalcogenide coating,” Opt. Express19(25), 25447–25453 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

App. Phys. Lett.

• C. Xiong, G. Marshall, A. Peruzzo, M. Lobino, A. Clark, D. Choi, S. Madden, C. Natarajan, M. Tanner, R. Hadfield, S. Dorenbos, T. Zijlstra, V. Zwiller, M. Thompson, J. Rarity, M. Steel, B. Luther-Davies, B. Eggleton, and J. Obrien, “Generation of correlated photon pairs in a Chalcogenide As2S3 waveguide,” App. Phys. Lett.98, 051101–051103 (2011).

Appl. Opt.

• P. K. Tien, R. J. Martin, and G. Smolinsky, “Formation of light-guiding interconnections in an integrated optical circuit by composite tapered-film coupling,” Appl. Opt.12(8), 1909–1916 (1973). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• C. Baker, J. Heikenfeld, Z. Yu, and A. Steckl, “Optical amplification and electroluminescence at 1.54μm in Er-doped Zinc silicate Germanate on Silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett.84(9), 1462–1464 (2004). [CrossRef]
• E. Teraoka, D. Broaddus, T. Kita, A. Tsukazaki, M. Kawasaki, A. Gaeta, and H. Yamada, “Self-phase modulation at visible wavelengths in nonlinear ZnO channel waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(7), 071105 (2010). [CrossRef]
• W. Pernice, C. Xiong, C. Schuck, and H. Tang, “Second harmonic generation in phase matched aluminum nitride waveguides and micro-ring resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(22), 223501 (2012). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.

• D. Bulla, R. Wang, A. Prasad, A. Rode, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davies, “On the properties and stability of thermally evaporated Ge-As-Se thin films,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.96(3), 615–625 (2009). [CrossRef]

Elec. Lett.

• H. Hanafusa, M. Horiguchi, and J. Noda, “Thermally diffused expanded core fibers for low loss and inexpensive photonic components,” Elec. Lett.27(21), 1968–1969 (1991). [CrossRef]
• T. Shoji, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, and H. Morita, “Low loss mode size converter from 0.3 μm square Si wire waveguides to singlemode fibers,” Elec. Lett.38(25), 1669–1670 (2002). [CrossRef]
• M. Lamont, V. Ta'eed, M. Roelens, D. Moss, B. Eggleton, D. Choi, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davies, “Error-free wavelength conversion via cross-phase modulation in 5cm of As2S3 Chalcogenide glass rib waveguide,” Elec. Lett.43(17), 945–947 (2007). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Quant. Elec.

• R. Schermer, W. Berglund, C. Ford, R. Ramberg, and A. Gopinath, “Optical amplification at 1534nm in Erbium-doped Zirconia waveguides,” IEEE J. Quant. Elec.39(1), 154–159 (2003). [CrossRef]
• S. Sottini, D. Grando, L. Palchetti, and E. Giorgetti, “Optical fiber-polymer guide coupling by a tapered graded index glass guide,” IEEE J. Quant. Elec.31(6), 1123–1130 (1995). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

• I. Moerman, P. Van Daele, and P. Demeester, “A review on fabrication technologies for the monolithic integration of tapers with III-V semiconductor devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.3(6), 1308–1320 (1997). [CrossRef]
• L. Vivien, X. Le Roux, S. Laval, E. Cassan, and D. Marris-Morini, “Design, realization, and characterization of 3-D taper for fiber/micro-waveguide coupling,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.12(6), 1354–1358 (2006). [CrossRef]
• T. Tsuchizawa, K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Watanabe, M. Jun-ichi Takahashi, T. Takahashi, E. Shoji, S. Tamechika, Itabashi, and H. Morita, “Microphotonics devices based on silicon microfabrication technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.11(1), 232–240 (2005). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

• D. Choi, S. Madden, D. Bulla, R. Wang, A. Rode, and B. Luther-Davies, “Submicrometer-thick low-loss As2S3 planar waveguides for nonlinear optical devices,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.22(7), 495–497 (2010). [CrossRef]
• M. Pelusi, F. Luan, S. Madden, D. Choi, D. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, and B. Eggleton, “Wavelength conversion of high-speed phase and intensity modulated signals using a highly nonlinear Chalcogenide glass chip,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.22(1), 3–5 (2010). [CrossRef]
• B. Ben Bakir, A. V. de Gyves, R. Orobtchouk, P. Lyan, C. Porzier, A. Roman, and J.-M. Fedeli, “Low-loss (< 1 dB) and polarization-insensitive edge fiber couplers fabricated on 200-mm Silicon-on-insulator Wafers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.22(11), 739–741 (2010). [CrossRef]

J. Electrochem. Soc.

• R. Bellman, G. Bourdon, G. Alibert, A. Beguin, E. Guiot, L. Simpson, P. Lehuede, L. Guiziou, and E. LeGuen, “Ultralow loss high delta silica germania planar waveguides,” J. Electrochem. Soc.151(8), G541–G547 (2004). [CrossRef]

J. Lightwave Technol.

• M. Nordstrom, D. Zauner, A. Boisen, and J. Hubner, “Single-mode waveguides with SU-8 polymer core and cladding for MOEMS applications,” J. Lightwave Technol.25(5), 1284–1289 (2007). [CrossRef]
• B. Yang, L. Yang, R. Hu, Z. Sheng, D. Dai, Q. Liu, and S. He, “Fabrication and characterization of small optical ridge waveguides based on SU-8 polymer,” J. Lightwave Technol.27(18), 4091–4096 (2009). [CrossRef]
• M. Fadel, M. Bulters, M. Niemand, E. Voges, and P. Krummrich, “Low-loss and low-birefringence high-contrast Silicon-Oxynitride waveguides for optical communication,” J. Lightwave Technol.27(6), 698–705 (2009). [CrossRef]
• J. Van Erps, F. Luan, M. Pelusi, T. Iredale, S. Madden, D. Choi, D. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, H. Thienpont, and B. Eggleton, “High-resolution optical sampling of 640-Gb/s data using Four-Wave mixing in dispersion-engineered highly nonlinear As2S3 planar waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol.28(2), 209–215 (2010). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

• J. Bradley, L. Agazzi, D. Geskus, F. Ay, K. Wörhoff, and M. Pollnau, “Gain bandwidth of 80 nm and 2 dB/cm peak gain in Al2O3:Er3+ optical amplifiers on silicon,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B27(2), 187–196 (2010). [CrossRef]

Microelectron. Eng.

• T. Wahlbrink, W. Tsai, M. Waldow, M. Forst, J. Bolten, T. Mollenhauer, and H. Kurz, “Fabrication of high efficiency SOI taper structures,” Microelectron. Eng.86(4-6), 1117–1119 (2009). [CrossRef]

Nat. Photonics

• J. Levy, A. Gondarenko, M. Foster, A. Turner-Foster, A. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “CMOS-compatible multiple-wavelength oscillator for on-chip optical interconnects,” Nat. Photonics4(1), 37–40 (2010). [CrossRef]
• M. Ferrera, L. Razzari, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, Z. Yang, M. Liscidini, J. Sipe, S. Chu, B. Little, and D. Moss, “Low-power continuous-wave nonlinear optics in doped silica glass integrated waveguide structures,” Nat. Photonics2(12), 737–740 (2008). [CrossRef]
• A. Pasquazi, M. Peccianti, Y. Park, B. Little, S. Chu, R. Morandotti, J. Azaña, and D. Moss, “Sub-picosecond phase-sensitive optical pulse characterization on a chip,” Nat. Photonics5(10), 618–623 (2011). [CrossRef]

Opt. Commun.

• R. Pant, C. Xiong, S. Madden, B. Davies, and B. Eggleton, “Investigation of all-optical analog-to-digital quantization using a Chalcogenide waveguide: A step towards on-chip analog-to-digital conversion,” Opt. Commun.283(10), 2258–2262 (2010). [CrossRef]
• A. Subramanian, G. Murugan, M. Zervas, and J. Wilkinson, “High index contrast Er:Ta2O5 waveguide amplifier on oxidised silicon,” Opt. Commun.285(2), 124–127 (2012). [CrossRef]

Opt. Exp.

• K. Vu and S. Madden, “Tellurium dioxide Erbium doped planar rib waveguide amplifiers with net gain and 2.8dB/cm internal gain,” Opt. Exp.18(18), 19192–19200 (2010). [CrossRef]
• T. Ning, O. Hyvärinen, H. Pietarinen, T. Kaplas, M. Kauranen, and G. Genty, “Third-harmonic UV generation in Silicon nitride nanostructures,” Opt. Exp.21(2), 2012–2017 (2013). [CrossRef]
• K. Saha, Y. Okawachi, B. Shim, J. Levy, R. Salem, A. Johnson, M. Foster, M. Lamont, M. Lipson, and A. Gaeta, “Modelocking and femtosecond pulse generation in chip-based frequency combs,” Opt. Exp.21(1), 1335–1343 (2013). [CrossRef]
• V. Ta'eed, M. Pelusi, B. Eggleton, D. Choi, S. Madden, D. Bulla, and B. Luther-Davies, “Broadband wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s using long serpentine As2S3 planar waveguides,” Opt. Exp.15(23), 15047–15052 (2007). [CrossRef]
• M. Pelusi, F. Luan, D. Choi, S. Madden, D. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, and B. Eggleton, “Optical phase conjugation by an As2S3 glass planar waveguide for dispersion-free transmission of WDM-DPSK signals over fiber,” Opt. Exp.18(25), 26686–26694 (2010). [CrossRef]
• X. Gai, S. Madden, D. Choi, D. Bulla, and B. Luther-Davies, “Dispersion engineered Ge11.5As24Se64.5 nanowires with a nonlinear parameter of 136W−1m−1 at 1550nm,” Opt. Exp.18(18), 18866–18874 (2010). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• S. J. Madden and K. T. Vu, “Very low loss reactively ion etched Tellurium dioxide planar rib waveguides for linear and non-linear optics,” Opt. Express17(20), 17645–17651 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. McNab, N. Moll, and Y. Vlasov, “Ultra-low loss photonic integrated circuit with membrane-type photonic crystal waveguides,” Opt. Express11(22), 2927–2939 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• D. Dai, Y. Tang, and J. E. Bowers, “Mode conversion in tapered submicron silicon ridge optical waveguides,” Opt. Express20(12), 13425–13439 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• T. Han, S. Madden, S. Debbarma, and B. Luther-Davies, “Improved method for hot embossing As2S3 waveguides employing a thermally stable Chalcogenide coating,” Opt. Express19(25), 25447–25453 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. D. Pelusi, T. D. Vo, F. Luan, S. J. Madden, D. Y. Choi, D. A. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, and B. J. Eggleton, “Terahertz bandwidth RF spectrum analysis of femtosecond pulses using a Chalcogenide chip,” Opt. Express17(11), 9314–9322 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• V. G. Ta’eed, M. R. Lamont, D. J. Moss, B. J. Eggleton, D. Y. Choi, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davies, “All optical wavelength conversion via cross phase modulation in Chalcogenide glass rib waveguides,” Opt. Express14(23), 11242–11247 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Van Erps, J. Schröder, T. D. Vo, M. D. Pelusi, S. Madden, D. Y. Choi, D. A. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, and B. J. Eggleton, “Automatic dispersion compensation for 1.28Tb/s OTDM signal transmission using photonic-chip-based dispersion monitoring,” Opt. Express18(24), 25415–25421 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• D. Duchesne, M. Peccianti, M. R. Lamont, M. Ferrera, L. Razzari, F. Légaré, R. Morandotti, S. Chu, B. E. Little, and D. J. Moss, “Supercontinuum generation in a high index doped silica glass spiral waveguide,” Opt. Express18(2), 923–930 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Hu, N. N. Feng, N. Carlie, L. Petit, J. Wang, A. Agarwal, K. Richardson, and L. Kimerling, “Low-loss high-index-contrast planar waveguides with graded-index cladding layers,” Opt. Express15(22), 14566–14572 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• X. Xia, Q. Chen, C. Tsay, C. B. Arnold, and C. K. Madsen, “Low-loss Chalcogenide waveguides on lithium niobate for the mid-infrared,” Opt. Lett.35(19), 3228–3230 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• Y. Okawachi, K. Saha, J. S. Levy, Y. H. Wen, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Octave-spanning frequency comb generation in a silicon nitride chip,” Opt. Lett.36(17), 3398–3400 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• V. R. Almeida, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, “Nanotaper for compact mode conversion,” Opt. Lett.28(15), 1302–1304 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Rev. Mex. Fis.

• A. Martinez-Rios, I. Torres-Gomez, D. Monzon-Hernandez, O. Barbosa-Garcia, and V. Duran-Ramirez, “Reduction of splice loss between dissimilar fibers by tapering & fattening,” Rev. Mex. Fis.56, 80–84 (2010).

Other

• www.feasa.com .
• www.microchem.com .
• www.nufern.com .
• www.fibercore.com .
• www.microresist.de/home_en.htm .
• F. Soares, F. Karouta, E. Geluk, J. van Zantvoort, H. de Waardt, R. Baets, and M. Smit, “Low loss InP based spot size converter based on a vertical taper,” in 12th European Conference on Integrated Optics (Grenoble, France, 2005), pp. 104–107.
• S. Madden, D. Choi, A. Rode, and B. Luther-Davies, “Low loss etched Ge33As12Se55 Chalcogenide waveguides,” in Australian Conference on Optical Fiber Technology (2006), pp. 75–78.
• http://www.ozoptics.com .
• B. Batagelj, “Conversion efficiency of fiber wavelength converter based on degenerate FWM,” in 2nd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2000 (2000), pp. 179–182.
• T. Tsuchizawa, K. Yamada, T. Watanabe, H. Fukuda, H. Nishi, H. Shinojima, and S. Itabashi, “Spot-size converters for rib-type Silicon photonic wire waveguides” in 2008 5th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics(2008), pp. 200–202 (2008).
• C. C. Evans, K. Shtyrkova, J. D. Bradley, E. Ippen, and E. Mazur, “Spectral broadening of femtosecond pulses in polycrystalline anatase titanium dioxide waveguides,” paper JW4D.4. in Nonlinear Photonics, OSA Technical Digest, Optical Society of America, 2012.
• C. Evans, J. Bradley, O. Reshef, E. Marti-Panameño, and E. Mazur, “Ultrafast all-optical switching in TiO2,” Nano-Optics for Enhancing Light-Matter Interactions on a Molecular Scale, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, ISBN 978–94–007–5312–9. Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht, 2013, p. 377.

Click here to see a list of articles that cite this paper

Related Journal Articles

• Reflectivity properties of an abruptly ended asymmetrical slab waveguide for the case of transverse magnetic modes (JOSAA)
• Three-dimensional finite-element beam propagation method: assessments and developments (JOSAA)
• Adiabatic coupling between conventional dielectric waveguides and waveguides with discrete translational symmetry (OL)
• Tellurium dioxide Erbium doped planar rib waveguide amplifiers with net gain and 2.8dB/cm internal gain (OE)
• Hybrid waveguide from As₂S₃ and Er-doped TeO₂ for lossless nonlinear optics (OL)

Related Conference Papers

• Mode Conversion Losses in SOI Photonic Wire Based Racetrack Resonators
• The Novel Schemes and Materials for 10Gbps per Channel in Optical Interconnect
• The Novel Schemes and Materials for 10Gbps per Channel in Optical Interconnect
• Nanophotonic Waveguides by Self-assembly of Multiple-type Quantum Dots
• Non-Lithographic Fabrication of Polymer Waveguides and Grating Couplers