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Light extraction enhancement of organic light-emitting diodes using aluminum zinc oxide embedded anodes

Ching-Ming Hsu, Bo-Ting Lin, Yin-Xing Zeng, Wei-Ming Lin, and Wen-Tuan Wu

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) has been embedded onto indium tin oxide (ITO) anode to enhance the light extraction from an organic light-emitting diode (OLED). The embedded AZO provides deflection and scattering interfaces on the newly generated AZO/organics and AZO/ITO interfaces rather than the conventional ITO/organic interface. The current efficiency of AZO embedded OLEDs was enhanced by up to 64%, attributed to the improved light extraction by additionally created reflection and scattering of emitted light on the AZO/ITO interfaces which was roughed in AZO embedding process. The current efficiency was found to increase with the increasing AZO embedded area ratio, but limited by the accompanying increases in haze and electrical resistance of the AZO embedded ITO film.

© 2014 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematics of process flow for fabricating AZO embedded ITO film (a) recessed ITO processing, (b) AZO sputter deposition, and (c) CMP polishing of AZO/ITO stacked film.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 SEM images of (a) recessed ITO, (b) AZO coated on recessed ITO, and (c) AZO embedded ITO after CMP polishing.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) I-V, (b) L-V, and (c) η–V characteristics of OLEDs with AZO embedded ITO anodes at various AZO coverage ratios.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Schematics of possible optical routes for OLED devices with an AZO embedded ITO anode. Solid line represents light escaped and the dotted line represents light trapped.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 Total optical transmittance, haze ratio and sheet resistivity of AZO embedded ITO films at various AZO coverage ratios.

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