Previous phased array research using anti-phase sources has shown that the phase response to an object scanned through a heavily scattering medium provides information about object position but none about size. In this paper it is demonstrated that controlling the relative phase between the sources enables different phase gradients to be set within the medium. The consequence of this is that the phase response is dependent on the size of an object whilst still maintaining localization information. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the phase response can be tuned to be most sensitive to the object size under investigation.

© Optical Society of America

1. M.A. Franchescini, K.T. Moesta, S. Fantini, G. Gaida, E. Gratton, H. Jess, W.W. Matulin, M. Seeber, P.M. Schlag and M. Kaschke, "Frequency domain techniques enhance optical mammography: initial clinical results," P.N.A.S. 94, 6468-6473 (1997). [CrossRef]
2. M.A. Franchescini, V. Toronov, M.E. Filiaci, E. Gratton and S. Fantini, "On-line optical imaging of the human brain with 160-ms temporal resolution," Opt. Express. 6, 49-57 (2000), http://www.opticsexpress.org/opticsexpress/framestocv6n3.htm. [CrossRef]
3. A. Knuttel, J.M. Schmitt and J.R. Knutson, "Spatial localization of absorbing bodies by interfering diffusive photon density waves," Appl. Opt. 32, 381-389 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. C. Lindquist, A. Pifferi, R. Berg, S. Andersson-Engels and S. Svanberg, "Reconstruction of diffuse photon-density wave interference in turbid media from time-resolved transmittance measurements," Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 1674-1676 (1996). [CrossRef]
5. M.G. Erickson, J.S. Reynolds and K.J. Webb, "Comparison of sensitivity for single-source and dual-interfering- source configurations in optical diffusion imaging," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 3083-3092 (1997). [CrossRef]
6. S.P. Morgan, M.G. Somekh and K.I. Hopcraft, "Probabilistic method for phased array detection in scattering media," Opt. Eng. 37, 1618-1626 (1998). [CrossRef]
7. B. Chance, K. Kang, L. He, J. Weng and E. Sevick, "Highly sensitive object location in tissue models with linear in-phase and anti-phase multi-element optical arrays in one and two dimensions," P.N.A.S. 90, 3423-3427 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. B. Chance, K.A. Kang, L. He, H. Liu and S. Zhou, "Precision localization of hidden absorbers in body tissues with phased-array optical systems," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 4324-4332 (1996). [CrossRef]
9. B. Chance, E. Anday, S. Nioka, S. Zhou, L. Hong, K. Worden, C. Li, T. Murray, Y. Ovetsky, D. Pidikiti and R. Thomas, "A novel method for fast imaging of brain function, non-invasively, with light," Opt. Express, 2, 411-423 (1998), http://www.opticsexpress.org/opticsexpress/framestocv2n10.htm. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. G. Mitic, J. Kolzer, J. Otto, E. Plies, G. Solkner and W. Zinth, "Time-gated transillumination of biological tissues and tissuelike phantoms," Appl. Opt. 33, 6699-6710 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. S.P. Morgan, M.C. Pitter, M.G. Somekh and K.Y. Yong, "Conventional optics approach to diffraction of diffuse photon density waves," Proc. SPIE 3597, 5-14 (1999). [CrossRef]
12. M.A. O'Leary, D.A. Boas, B. Chance and A.G. Yodh, "Refraction of diffuse photon density waves," Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2658-2661 (1992). [CrossRef]

Other

• M.A. Franchescini, K.T. Moesta, S. Fantini, G. Gaida, E. Gratton, H. Jess, W.W. Matulin, M. Seeber, P.M. Schlag and M. Kaschke, "Frequency domain techniques enhance optical mammography: initial clinical results," P.N.A.S. 94, 6468-6473 (1997). [CrossRef]
• M.A. Franchescini, V. Toronov, M.E. Filiaci, E. Gratton and S. Fantini, "On-line optical imaging of the human brain with 160-ms temporal resolution," Opt. Express. 6, 49-57 (2000), http://www.opticsexpress.org/opticsexpress/framestocv6n3.htm. [CrossRef]
• A. Knuttel, J.M. Schmitt and J.R. Knutson, "Spatial localization of absorbing bodies by interfering diffusive photon density waves," Appl. Opt. 32, 381-389 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• C. Lindquist, A. Pifferi, R. Berg, S. Andersson-Engels and S. Svanberg, "Reconstruction of diffuse photon-density wave interference in turbid media from time-resolved transmittance measurements," Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 1674-1676 (1996). [CrossRef]
• M.G. Erickson, J.S. Reynolds and K.J. Webb, "Comparison of sensitivity for single-source and dual-interfering- source configurations in optical diffusion imaging," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 3083-3092 (1997). [CrossRef]
• S.P. Morgan, M.G. Somekh and K.I. Hopcraft, "Probabilistic method for phased array detection in scattering media," Opt. Eng. 37, 1618-1626 (1998). [CrossRef]
• B. Chance, K. Kang, L. He, J. Weng and E. Sevick, "Highly sensitive object location in tissue models with linear in-phase and anti-phase multi-element optical arrays in one and two dimensions," P.N.A.S. 90, 3423-3427 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• B. Chance, K.A. Kang, L. He, H. Liu and S. Zhou, "Precision localization of hidden absorbers in body tissues with phased-array optical systems," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 4324-4332 (1996). [CrossRef]
• B. Chance, E. Anday, S. Nioka, S. Zhou, L. Hong, K. Worden, C. Li, T. Murray, Y. Ovetsky, D. Pidikiti and R. Thomas, "A novel method for fast imaging of brain function, non-invasively, with light," Opt. Express, 2, 411-423 (1998), http://www.opticsexpress.org/opticsexpress/framestocv2n10.htm. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• G. Mitic, J. Kolzer, J. Otto, E. Plies, G. Solkner and W. Zinth, "Time-gated transillumination of biological tissues and tissuelike phantoms," Appl. Opt. 33, 6699-6710 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S.P. Morgan, M.C. Pitter, M.G. Somekh and K.Y. Yong, "Conventional optics approach to diffraction of diffuse photon density waves," Proc. SPIE 3597, 5-14 (1999). [CrossRef]
• M.A. O'Leary, D.A. Boas, B. Chance and A.G. Yodh, "Refraction of diffuse photon density waves," Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2658-2661 (1992). [CrossRef]

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