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Multispectral principal component imaging

Himadri S. Pal and Mark A. Neifeld

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We analyze a novel multispectral imager that directly measures the principal component features of an object. Optical feature extraction is studied for color face images, multi-spectral LANDSAT-7 images, and their grayscale equivalents. Blockwise feature extraction is performed that exploits both spatial and spectral correlation, with the goal of enhancing feature fidelity (i.e., root mean square error). The effect of varying block size, number of features, and detector noise is studied in order to quantify feature fidelity and optimize reconstruction performance. These results are compared with conventional imaging and demonstrate the advantages of the multiplexed approach. Specifically, we find that in addition to reducing the number of detectors within the imager, the reconstruction fidelity (i.e., root mean square error) can be significantly improved using a feature-specific imager.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a multispectral feature-specific imager with three (RGB) bands

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Example of multispectral images. (a) Face images [3 spectral components]. (b) A LANDSAT-7 image [7 spectral components and their wavelength ranges in microns].

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Feature fidelity (RMSE) versus number of measured features (M) for multispectral (MS), grayscale (GS), and conventional imaging, with σ=20. (a) Data obtained using face (RGB) images. (b) Data obtained using LANDSAT-7 images.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Reconstruction fidelity (RMSE) versus number of measured features (M) for multispectral feature-specific imaging and conventional imaging. Data obtained using face (RGB) images with σ=30.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Minimum reconstruction RMSE versus noise for MS images. (a) Results with Face images. (b) Results with LANDSAT-7 images.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Example reconstructions of a face image using several different block sizes. σ=14 in these examples.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Example reconstructions of a LANDSAT-7 image at σ=40. (a) Reconstruction from conventional imager. (b) Reconstruction from multiplexed imager with 16×16 blocks.

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