Four-photon interferometry for secure quantum key distribution

doi:10.1364/OE.10.001222

Optics Express

Editor: Michael Duncan
Vol. 10, Iss. 21 — Oct. 21, 2002
pp: 1222–1226

Four-photon interferometry for secure quantum key distribution

P. Hariharan and Barry Sanders »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 10, Issue 21, pp. 1222-1226 (2002)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.10.001222

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Abstract
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Abstract

We introduce a quantum key distribution scheme based on four-photon coincidence measurements. This scheme offers a much higher degree of security than current quantum key distribution methods and minimizes problems due to photon losses and dark counts.

[Optical Society of America ]

OCIS Codes
(270.4180) Quantum optics : Multiphoton processes
(270.5290) Quantum optics : Photon statistics

ToC Category:
Research Papers

History
Original Manuscript: August 15, 2002
Revised Manuscript: October 16, 2002
Published: October 21, 2002

Citation
P. Hariharan and Barry Sanders, "Four-photon interferometry for secure quantum key distribution," Opt. Express 10, 1222-1226 (2002)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-10-21-1222

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References

C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, �??Quantum Cryptography: Public Key Distribution and Coin Tossing,�?? in Proc. of IEEE Inter. Conf. on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, Bangalore, India (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1984), pp. 175�??179.
C. H. Bennett, F. Bessette, G. Brassard, L. Salvail, and J. Smolin, �??Experimental quantum cryptography,�?? J. Cryptol. 5, 3�??28 (1992). [CrossRef]
W. Tittel, J. Brendel, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin, �??Quantum cryptography using entangled photons in energy�??time Bell states,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4737 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. K. Ekert, J. G. Rarity, P. R. Tapster and G. M. Palma, �??Practical quantum cryptography based on two�??photon interferometry,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1293�??1295 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. D. Franson, �??Bell inequality for position and time,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2205�??2208 (1989). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Brassard, N. Lutkenhaus, T. Mor and B. C. Sanders, �??Limitations on Practical Quantum Cryptography,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1330�??1333 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. J. D. Phoenix, S. M. Barnett and A. Chefles, �??Three-state quantum cryptography,�?? J. Mod. Opt. 47, 507�??516 (2000).
H. Bechmann�??Pasquinucci and A. Peres, �??Quantum cryptography with 3�??state systems,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3313�??3316 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. V. Burlakov, M. V. Chekhova, O. A. Karabutova, D. N. Klyshko, and S. P. Kulik, �??Polarization state of a biphoton:Quantum ternary logic,�?? Phys. Rev. A 60, R4209�??R4212 (1999). [CrossRef]
Y. H. Shih and M. H. Rubin, �??Four-Photon Interference Experiment for the Testing of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger Theorem,�?? Phys. Lett. A 204, 16�??22 (1995).
T. B. Pittman, �??On the Use of Double Entanglement in Four-Photon Experiments,�?? Phys. Lett. A 204, 193�??197 (1995). [CrossRef]
D. Bouwmeester, J. -W. Pan, M. Daniell, H. Weinfurter and A. Zeilinger, �??Observation of Three-Photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger Entanglement,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1345�??1349 (1999). [CrossRef]
J. -W. Pan, M. Daniell, S. Gasparoni, G. Weihs and A. Zeilinger, �??Experimental Demonstration of Four-Photon Entanglement and High-Fidelity Teleportation,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4435�??4438 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Z. Zhao, J. -W. Pan, and M. S. Zhan, �??Practical Scheme for Entanglement Concentration,�?? Phys. Rev. A 64 014301 (2001). [CrossRef]
H. Weinfurter and M. Zukowski, �??Four-Photon Entanglement From Down-Conversion,�?? Phys. Rev. A 64, 010102(R) (2001). [CrossRef]
F. Verstraete, J. Dehaene, B. De Moor and H. Verschelde, �??Four Qubits Can Be Entangled in Nine Di.erent Ways,�?? Phys. Rev. A 65, 052112 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. P. Tewari and P. Hariharan, �??Generation of entangled 4-photon states by parametric downconversion,�?? J. Mod. Opt. 44, 543�??553 (1997). [CrossRef]
P. Hariharan, J. Samuel and S. Sinha �??Four-photon interference: a realizable experiment to demonstrate violation of EPR postulates for perfect correlations,�?? J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. 1, 199�??205 (1999). [CrossRef]
P. Hariharan and B. C. Sanders, �??Cavity-enhanced parametric down-conversion as a source of correlated photons,�?? J. Mod. Opt. 47, 1739�??1744 (2000).
M. Oberparleiter and H. Weinfurter, �??Cavity-enhanced generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs,�?? Opt. Commun. 183, 133�??137 (2000). [CrossRef]
P. Hariharan, �??Simple, high-efficiency, single-photon trap detectors,�?? J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. 1, 522�??523 (1999). [CrossRef]

J. Cryptol.

C. H. Bennett, F. Bessette, G. Brassard, L. Salvail, and J. Smolin, �??Experimental quantum cryptography,�?? J. Cryptol. 5, 3�??28 (1992). [CrossRef]

J. Mod. Opt.

S. P. Tewari and P. Hariharan, �??Generation of entangled 4-photon states by parametric downconversion,�?? J. Mod. Opt. 44, 543�??553 (1997). [CrossRef]
P. Hariharan and B. C. Sanders, �??Cavity-enhanced parametric down-conversion as a source of correlated photons,�?? J. Mod. Opt. 47, 1739�??1744 (2000).

J. Opt. B

P. Hariharan, �??Simple, high-efficiency, single-photon trap detectors,�?? J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. 1, 522�??523 (1999). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass.

P. Hariharan, J. Samuel and S. Sinha �??Four-photon interference: a realizable experiment to demonstrate violation of EPR postulates for perfect correlations,�?? J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. 1, 199�??205 (1999). [CrossRef]

Opt. Commun.

M. Oberparleiter and H. Weinfurter, �??Cavity-enhanced generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs,�?? Opt. Commun. 183, 133�??137 (2000). [CrossRef]

Phys. Lett. A

Y. H. Shih and M. H. Rubin, �??Four-Photon Interference Experiment for the Testing of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger Theorem,�?? Phys. Lett. A 204, 16�??22 (1995).
T. B. Pittman, �??On the Use of Double Entanglement in Four-Photon Experiments,�?? Phys. Lett. A 204, 193�??197 (1995). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. A

Z. Zhao, J. -W. Pan, and M. S. Zhan, �??Practical Scheme for Entanglement Concentration,�?? Phys. Rev. A 64 014301 (2001). [CrossRef]
H. Weinfurter and M. Zukowski, �??Four-Photon Entanglement From Down-Conversion,�?? Phys. Rev. A 64, 010102(R) (2001). [CrossRef]
F. Verstraete, J. Dehaene, B. De Moor and H. Verschelde, �??Four Qubits Can Be Entangled in Nine Di.erent Ways,�?? Phys. Rev. A 65, 052112 (2002). [CrossRef]
A. V. Burlakov, M. V. Chekhova, O. A. Karabutova, D. N. Klyshko, and S. P. Kulik, �??Polarization state of a biphoton:Quantum ternary logic,�?? Phys. Rev. A 60, R4209�??R4212 (1999). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

H. Bechmann�??Pasquinucci and A. Peres, �??Quantum cryptography with 3�??state systems,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3313�??3316 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. Bouwmeester, J. -W. Pan, M. Daniell, H. Weinfurter and A. Zeilinger, �??Observation of Three-Photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger Entanglement,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1345�??1349 (1999). [CrossRef]
J. -W. Pan, M. Daniell, S. Gasparoni, G. Weihs and A. Zeilinger, �??Experimental Demonstration of Four-Photon Entanglement and High-Fidelity Teleportation,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4435�??4438 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. Tittel, J. Brendel, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin, �??Quantum cryptography using entangled photons in energy�??time Bell states,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4737 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. K. Ekert, J. G. Rarity, P. R. Tapster and G. M. Palma, �??Practical quantum cryptography based on two�??photon interferometry,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1293�??1295 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. D. Franson, �??Bell inequality for position and time,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2205�??2208 (1989). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Brassard, N. Lutkenhaus, T. Mor and B. C. Sanders, �??Limitations on Practical Quantum Cryptography,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1330�??1333 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Three-state quantum cryptography

S. J. D. Phoenix, S. M. Barnett and A. Chefles, �??Three-state quantum cryptography,�?? J. Mod. Opt. 47, 507�??516 (2000).

Other

C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, �??Quantum Cryptography: Public Key Distribution and Coin Tossing,�?? in Proc. of IEEE Inter. Conf. on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, Bangalore, India (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1984), pp. 175�??179.

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[1] C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, �??Quantum Cryptography: Public Key Distribution and Coin Tossing,�?? in Proc. of IEEE Inter. Conf. on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, Bangalore, India (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1984), pp. 175�??179.

[2] C. H. Bennett, F. Bessette, G. Brassard, L. Salvail, and J. Smolin, �??Experimental quantum cryptography,�?? J. Cryptol. 5, 3�??28 (1992). [CrossRef]

[3] W. Tittel, J. Brendel, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin, �??Quantum cryptography using entangled photons in energy�??time Bell states,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4737 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] A. K. Ekert, J. G. Rarity, P. R. Tapster and G. M. Palma, �??Practical quantum cryptography based on two�??photon interferometry,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1293�??1295 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] J. D. Franson, �??Bell inequality for position and time,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2205�??2208 (1989). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] G. Brassard, N. Lutkenhaus, T. Mor and B. C. Sanders, �??Limitations on Practical Quantum Cryptography,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1330�??1333 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] S. J. D. Phoenix, S. M. Barnett and A. Chefles, �??Three-state quantum cryptography,�?? J. Mod. Opt. 47, 507�??516 (2000).

[8] H. Bechmann�??Pasquinucci and A. Peres, �??Quantum cryptography with 3�??state systems,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3313�??3316 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] A. V. Burlakov, M. V. Chekhova, O. A. Karabutova, D. N. Klyshko, and S. P. Kulik, �??Polarization state of a biphoton:Quantum ternary logic,�?? Phys. Rev. A 60, R4209�??R4212 (1999). [CrossRef]

[10] Y. H. Shih and M. H. Rubin, �??Four-Photon Interference Experiment for the Testing of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger Theorem,�?? Phys. Lett. A 204, 16�??22 (1995).

[11] T. B. Pittman, �??On the Use of Double Entanglement in Four-Photon Experiments,�?? Phys. Lett. A 204, 193�??197 (1995). [CrossRef]

[12] D. Bouwmeester, J. -W. Pan, M. Daniell, H. Weinfurter and A. Zeilinger, �??Observation of Three-Photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger Entanglement,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1345�??1349 (1999). [CrossRef]

[13] J. -W. Pan, M. Daniell, S. Gasparoni, G. Weihs and A. Zeilinger, �??Experimental Demonstration of Four-Photon Entanglement and High-Fidelity Teleportation,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4435�??4438 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] Z. Zhao, J. -W. Pan, and M. S. Zhan, �??Practical Scheme for Entanglement Concentration,�?? Phys. Rev. A 64 014301 (2001). [CrossRef]

[15] H. Weinfurter and M. Zukowski, �??Four-Photon Entanglement From Down-Conversion,�?? Phys. Rev. A 64, 010102(R) (2001). [CrossRef]

[16] F. Verstraete, J. Dehaene, B. De Moor and H. Verschelde, �??Four Qubits Can Be Entangled in Nine Di.erent Ways,�?? Phys. Rev. A 65, 052112 (2002). [CrossRef]

[17] S. P. Tewari and P. Hariharan, �??Generation of entangled 4-photon states by parametric downconversion,�?? J. Mod. Opt. 44, 543�??553 (1997). [CrossRef]

[18] P. Hariharan, J. Samuel and S. Sinha �??Four-photon interference: a realizable experiment to demonstrate violation of EPR postulates for perfect correlations,�?? J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. 1, 199�??205 (1999). [CrossRef]

[19] P. Hariharan and B. C. Sanders, �??Cavity-enhanced parametric down-conversion as a source of correlated photons,�?? J. Mod. Opt. 47, 1739�??1744 (2000).

[20] M. Oberparleiter and H. Weinfurter, �??Cavity-enhanced generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs,�?? Opt. Commun. 183, 133�??137 (2000). [CrossRef]

[21] P. Hariharan, �??Simple, high-efficiency, single-photon trap detectors,�?? J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. 1, 522�??523 (1999). [CrossRef]

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Four-photon interferometry for secure quantum key distribution

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Abstract

References

J. Cryptol.

J. Mod. Opt.

J. Opt. B

J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass.

Opt. Commun.

Phys. Lett. A

Phys. Rev. A

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Three-state quantum cryptography

Other

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