Photonic-crystal fibers (PCFs) provide a high efficiency of frequency upconversion of femtosecond Cr: forsterite laser pulses through the emission of dispersive waves by solitons and third-harmonic generation. Dispersion management allows the central wavelength of the frequency-upconverted signal in PCF output to be tuned within the range of wavelengths from 400 to 900 nm. PCF frequency shifters are employed as excitation sources for time-resolved fluorescence streak-camera measurements on fluorescein solution.

© 2005 Optical Society of America

1. P. St. J. Russell, �??Photonic crystal fibers,�?? Science 299, 358-362 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. J.C. Knight, �??Photonic crystal fibers,�?? Nature 424, 847-851 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. W. H. Reeves, D. V. Skryabin, F. Biancalana, J. C. Knight, P. St. J. Russell, F. G. Omenetto, A. Efimov, and A. J. Taylor, �??Transformation and control of ultra-short pulses in dispersion-engineered photonic crystal fibres,�?? Nature 424, 511-515 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. S. O. Konorov, E. E. Serebryannikov, A. M. Zheltikov, P. Zhou, A. P. Tarasevitch, and D. von der Linde, "Mode-controlled colors from microstructure fibers," Opt. Express 12, 730-735 (2004), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-5-730">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-5-730</a>. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. D. V. Skryabin, F. Luan, J. C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, "Soliton self-frequency shift cancellation in photonic crystal fibers,�?? Science 301, 1705-1708 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. J. D. Harvey, R. Leonhardt, S. Coen, G. K. L. Wong, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, �??Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber,�?? Opt. Lett. 28, 2225�??2227 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. J. K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler, and A. J. Stentz, �??Visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure optical fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm,�?? Opt. Lett. 25, 25-27 (2000). [CrossRef]
8. W. J. Wadsworth, A. Ortigosa-Blanch, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, T. P. M. Mann, and P. St. J. Russell, �??Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers and optical fiber tapers: a novel light source,�?? J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 2148-2155 (2002). [CrossRef]
9. D.A. Akimov, E.E. Serebryannikov, A.M. Zheltikov, M. Schmitt, R. Maksimenka, W. Kiefer, K.V. Dukel'skii, V.S. Shevandin, and Yu.N. Kondrat'ev, �??Efficient anti-Stokes generation through phase-matched four-wave mixing in higher order modes of a microstructure fiber,�?? Opt. Lett. 28, 1948-1950 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, �??Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,�?? Science, 288, 635-639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. R. Holzwarth, T. Udem, T. W. Hänsch, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, �??Optical frequency synthesizer for precision spectroscopy,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2264-2267 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. C. Y. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, T. Metzger, S. Köhler, A. Baltuška, F. Krausz, A. M. Zheltikov, �??All-Optical Pump�??Seed Synchronization for Few-Cycle OPCPA,�?? Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO2005), Baltimore, ML, 2005.
13. I. Hartl, X. D. Li, C. Chudoba, R.K. Rhanta, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, J.K. Ranka, and R.S. Windeler, �??Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography using continuum generation in an air-silica microstructure optical fiber,�?? Opt. Lett. 26, 608-610 (2001). [CrossRef]
14. S. O. Konorov and A. M. Zheltikov, "Frequency conversion of subnanojoule femtosecond laser pulses in a microstructure fiber for photochromism initiation," Opt. Express 11, 2440-2445 (2003), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-19-2440">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-19-2440</a>. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. S. O. Konorov, D. A. Akimov, E. E. Serebryannikov, A. A. Ivanov, M. V. Alfimov, and A. M. Zheltikov, �??Cross-correlation FROG CARS with frequency-converting photonic-crystal fibers,�?? Phys. Rev. E 70, 057601 (2004) [CrossRef]
16. H. N. Paulsen, K. M. Hilligsøe, J. Thøgersen, S. R. Keiding, and J. J. Larsen, �??Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy with a photonic crystal fiber based light source,�?? Opt. Lett. 28, 1123-1125 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. A. N. Naumov, A. B. Fedotov, A. M. Zheltikov, V. V. Yakovlev, L. A. Mel'nikov, V. I. Beloglazov, N. B. Skibina, and A.V. Shcherbakov, �??Enhanced ÷(3) interactions of unamplified femtosecond Cr: forsterite laser pulses in photonic-crystal fibers,�?? J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 2183-2191 (2002). [CrossRef]
18. B. R. Washburn, S. E. Ralph, and R. S. Windeler, "Ultrashort pulse propagation in air-silica microstructure fiber," Opt. Express 10, 575-580 (2002), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-10-13-575">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-10-13-575</a>. [PubMed]
19. F. M. Mitschke and L. F. Mollenauer, �??Discovery of the soliton self-frequency shift,�?? Opt. Lett. 11, 659-661 (1986). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic Press, 1989).
21. X. Liu, C. Xu, W. H. Knox, J. K. Chandalia, B. J. Eggleton, S. G. Kosinski, and R. S. Windeler, �??Soliton self-frequency shift in a short tapered air-silica microstructure fiber,�?? Opt. Lett. 26, 358-360 (2001). [CrossRef]
22. J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Korn, �??Experimental Evidence for Supercontinuum Generation by Fission of Higher-Order Solitons in Photonic Fibers,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, F. G. Omenetto, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, "Nonlinear generation of very high-order UV modes in microstructured fibers," Opt. Express 11, 910-918 (2003), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-8-910">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-8-910</a>. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, F. G. Omenetto, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, "Phase-matched third harmonic generation in microstructured fibers," Opt. Express 11, 2567-2576 (2003), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-20-2567">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-20-2567</a>. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. F. G. Omenetto, A. J. Taylor, M. D. Moores, J. Arriaga, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, �??Simultaneous generation of spectrally distinct third harmonics in a photonic crystal fiber,�?? Opt. Lett. 26, 1158-1160 (2001). [CrossRef]
26. D. A. Akimov, A. A. Ivanov, A. N. Naumov, O. A. Kolevatova, M. V. Alfimov, T. A. Birks, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, A. A. Podshivalov, and A. M. Zheltikov, �??Generation of a spectrally asymmetric third harmonic with unamplified 30-fs Cr:forsterite laser pulses in a tapered fiber,�?? Appl. Phys. B 76, 515�??519 (2003). [CrossRef]
27. S. O. Konorov, A. A. Ivanov, M. V. Alfimov, and A. M. Zheltikov, �??Polarization-sensitive third-harmonic generation by femtosecond Cr: forsterite laser pulses in birefringent microchannel waveguides of photonic-crystal fibers,�?? Appl. Phys. B, in press.

Appl. Phys. B

• D. A. Akimov, A. A. Ivanov, A. N. Naumov, O. A. Kolevatova, M. V. Alfimov, T. A. Birks, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, A. A. Podshivalov, and A. M. Zheltikov, �??Generation of a spectrally asymmetric third harmonic with unamplified 30-fs Cr:forsterite laser pulses in a tapered fiber,�?? Appl. Phys. B 76, 515�??519 (2003). [CrossRef]
• S. O. Konorov, A. A. Ivanov, M. V. Alfimov, and A. M. Zheltikov, �??Polarization-sensitive third-harmonic generation by femtosecond Cr: forsterite laser pulses in birefringent microchannel waveguides of photonic-crystal fibers,�?? Appl. Phys. B, in press.

CLEO 2005

• C. Y. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, T. Metzger, S. Köhler, A. Baltuška, F. Krausz, A. M. Zheltikov, �??All-Optical Pump�??Seed Synchronization for Few-Cycle OPCPA,�?? Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO2005), Baltimore, ML, 2005.

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

• A. N. Naumov, A. B. Fedotov, A. M. Zheltikov, V. V. Yakovlev, L. A. Mel'nikov, V. I. Beloglazov, N. B. Skibina, and A.V. Shcherbakov, �??Enhanced ÷(3) interactions of unamplified femtosecond Cr: forsterite laser pulses in photonic-crystal fibers,�?? J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 2183-2191 (2002). [CrossRef]
• W. J. Wadsworth, A. Ortigosa-Blanch, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, T. P. M. Mann, and P. St. J. Russell, �??Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers and optical fiber tapers: a novel light source,�?? J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 2148-2155 (2002). [CrossRef]

Nature

• J.C. Knight, �??Photonic crystal fibers,�?? Nature 424, 847-851 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• W. H. Reeves, D. V. Skryabin, F. Biancalana, J. C. Knight, P. St. J. Russell, F. G. Omenetto, A. Efimov, and A. J. Taylor, �??Transformation and control of ultra-short pulses in dispersion-engineered photonic crystal fibres,�?? Nature 424, 511-515 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

• S. O. Konorov, E. E. Serebryannikov, A. M. Zheltikov, P. Zhou, A. P. Tarasevitch, and D. von der Linde, "Mode-controlled colors from microstructure fibers," Opt. Express 12, 730-735 (2004), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-5-730">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-5-730</a>. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• B. R. Washburn, S. E. Ralph, and R. S. Windeler, "Ultrashort pulse propagation in air-silica microstructure fiber," Opt. Express 10, 575-580 (2002), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-10-13-575">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-10-13-575</a>. [PubMed]
• A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, F. G. Omenetto, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, "Nonlinear generation of very high-order UV modes in microstructured fibers," Opt. Express 11, 910-918 (2003), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-8-910">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-8-910</a>. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, F. G. Omenetto, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, "Phase-matched third harmonic generation in microstructured fibers," Opt. Express 11, 2567-2576 (2003), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-20-2567">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-20-2567</a>. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. O. Konorov and A. M. Zheltikov, "Frequency conversion of subnanojoule femtosecond laser pulses in a microstructure fiber for photochromism initiation," Opt. Express 11, 2440-2445 (2003), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-19-2440">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-19-2440</a>. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• X. Liu, C. Xu, W. H. Knox, J. K. Chandalia, B. J. Eggleton, S. G. Kosinski, and R. S. Windeler, �??Soliton self-frequency shift in a short tapered air-silica microstructure fiber,�?? Opt. Lett. 26, 358-360 (2001). [CrossRef]
• F. G. Omenetto, A. J. Taylor, M. D. Moores, J. Arriaga, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, �??Simultaneous generation of spectrally distinct third harmonics in a photonic crystal fiber,�?? Opt. Lett. 26, 1158-1160 (2001). [CrossRef]
• H. N. Paulsen, K. M. Hilligsøe, J. Thøgersen, S. R. Keiding, and J. J. Larsen, �??Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy with a photonic crystal fiber based light source,�?? Opt. Lett. 28, 1123-1125 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• F. M. Mitschke and L. F. Mollenauer, �??Discovery of the soliton self-frequency shift,�?? Opt. Lett. 11, 659-661 (1986). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• I. Hartl, X. D. Li, C. Chudoba, R.K. Rhanta, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, J.K. Ranka, and R.S. Windeler, �??Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography using continuum generation in an air-silica microstructure optical fiber,�?? Opt. Lett. 26, 608-610 (2001). [CrossRef]
• D.A. Akimov, E.E. Serebryannikov, A.M. Zheltikov, M. Schmitt, R. Maksimenka, W. Kiefer, K.V. Dukel'skii, V.S. Shevandin, and Yu.N. Kondrat'ev, �??Efficient anti-Stokes generation through phase-matched four-wave mixing in higher order modes of a microstructure fiber,�?? Opt. Lett. 28, 1948-1950 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. D. Harvey, R. Leonhardt, S. Coen, G. K. L. Wong, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, �??Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber,�?? Opt. Lett. 28, 2225�??2227 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler, and A. J. Stentz, �??Visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure optical fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm,�?? Opt. Lett. 25, 25-27 (2000). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. E

• S. O. Konorov, D. A. Akimov, E. E. Serebryannikov, A. A. Ivanov, M. V. Alfimov, and A. M. Zheltikov, �??Cross-correlation FROG CARS with frequency-converting photonic-crystal fibers,�?? Phys. Rev. E 70, 057601 (2004) [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

• J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Korn, �??Experimental Evidence for Supercontinuum Generation by Fission of Higher-Order Solitons in Photonic Fibers,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• R. Holzwarth, T. Udem, T. W. Hänsch, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, �??Optical frequency synthesizer for precision spectroscopy,�?? Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2264-2267 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Science

• P. St. J. Russell, �??Photonic crystal fibers,�?? Science 299, 358-362 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, �??Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,�?? Science, 288, 635-639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• D. V. Skryabin, F. Luan, J. C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, "Soliton self-frequency shift cancellation in photonic crystal fibers,�?? Science 301, 1705-1708 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

• G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic Press, 1989).

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