The diffraction efficiency of gratings written in ternary SnO2:SiO2:Na2O bulk glasses rises dramatically with time after the occultation of the cw 244nm light used to write the thick hologram. This self-induced behavior lasts for several hours and ultimately leads to refractive index changes as high as 3 10-3.

© 2005 Optical Society of America

1. R. M. Atkins, P. J. Lemaire, T. Erdogan and V. Mizrahi, �??Mechanisms of enhanced UV photosensitivity via hydrogen loading in germanosilicate glasses,�?? Electron. Lett. 29, 1234 (1993). [CrossRef]
2. M. Fokine, W. Margulis, �??Large increase in photosensitivity through massive hydroxyl formation,�?? Opt. Lett. 25, 302 (2000).
3. G. E. Kohnke, D. W. Nightingale, P. G. Wigley and C. R. Pollock, �??Photosensitization of optical fiber by UV exposure of hydrogen loaded fiber,�?? Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC �??99), PD20 (1999).
4. G. Brambilla, V. Pruneri and L. Reekie, �??Photorefractive index gratings in SnO2:SiO2 optical fibres,�?? Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 (7), 807 (2000). [CrossRef]
5. L. Dong, J. L. Cruz, J. A. Tucknott, L. Reekie and D. N. Payne, �??Strong photosensitive gratings in tin-doped phosphosilicate optical fibers,�?? Opt. Lett. 20, 1982 (1995).
6. L. Dong, J. L. Cruz, L. Reekie, M. G. Xu and D. N. Payne, �??Enhanced photosensitivity in tin-doped germanosilicate optical fibers,�?? IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 7, 1048 (1995). [CrossRef]
7. G. Brambilla, V. Pruneri, L. Reekie, C. Contardi, D. Milanese, and M. Ferraris, �??Bragg gratings in ternary SnO2:SiO2:Na2O optical glass fibers,�?? Opt. Lett. 25 (16), 1153 (2000).
8. N. Chiodini, F. Morazzoni, A. Paleari, R. Scotti and G. Spinolo, �??Sol-gel synthesis of monolithic tin-doped silica glass,�?? J. Mater. Chem. 9, 2653 (1999). [CrossRef]
9. O. V. Mazurin, M. V. Streltsina and T. P. Shvaiko-Shvaikovskaya, Handbook of glass data, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1985).
10. G. Perrone, D. Berger, L. Cognolato, M. Ferraris, G. Motta, D. Pircalaboiu and I. Montrosset, Proc. SPIE 3283, 31 (1998).
11. D. Milanese, M. Ferraris, Y. Menke, M. Olivero, G. Perrone, C. B. E. Gawith, G. Brambilla, P. G. R. Smith and E. R. Taylor, �??Photosensitive properties of a tin-doped sodium silica glass for direct ultraviolet writing,�?? Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3259 (2004). [CrossRef]
12. T. A. Strasser, T. Erdogan, A. E. White, V. Mizrahi and P. J. Lemaire, �??Ultraviolet laser fabrication of strong, nearly polarization-independent Bragg reflectorsin germanium-doped silica waveguides on silica substrates,�?? Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 3308 (1994). [CrossRef]
13. X. C. Long and S. R. J. Brueck, �??Large photosensitivity in lead-silicate glasses,�?? Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2110 (1999). [CrossRef]
14. N. Uchida, �??Calculation of diffraction efficiency in hologram gratings attenuated along the direction perpendicular to the grating vector,�?? J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 62, 280 (1973).
15. H. Kogelnik, �??Coupled wave theory for thick hologram gratings,�?? Bell. Syst. Tech. J. 48, 2909 (1969).
16. G. Brambilla and P. Hua, �??Phase separation in highly-photosensitive tin-doped and codoped silica optical fibers and preforms,�?? Bragg Gratings Photosensitivity and Poling in Glass Waveguides (BGPP), Stresa, Italy, Technical Digest, BthA1 (2001).
17. H. Hosono and J. Nishii, �??High photosensitivity and nanometer scale phase separation in GeO2-SiO2 glass thin films,�?? Opt. Lett. 24, 1352 (1999).
18. N. Chiodini, F. Meinardi, F. Morazzoni, A. Paleari, R. Scotti and G. Spinolo, �??Identification of Sn variants of the E�?? center in Sn-doped SiO2,�?? Phys. Rev. 58, 9645 (1998).

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• G. Brambilla, V. Pruneri and L. Reekie, �??Photorefractive index gratings in SnO2:SiO2 optical fibres,�?? Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 (7), 807 (2000). [CrossRef]
• D. Milanese, M. Ferraris, Y. Menke, M. Olivero, G. Perrone, C. B. E. Gawith, G. Brambilla, P. G. R. Smith and E. R. Taylor, �??Photosensitive properties of a tin-doped sodium silica glass for direct ultraviolet writing,�?? Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3259 (2004). [CrossRef]
• T. A. Strasser, T. Erdogan, A. E. White, V. Mizrahi and P. J. Lemaire, �??Ultraviolet laser fabrication of strong, nearly polarization-independent Bragg reflectorsin germanium-doped silica waveguides on silica substrates,�?? Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 3308 (1994). [CrossRef]
• X. C. Long and S. R. J. Brueck, �??Large photosensitivity in lead-silicate glasses,�?? Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2110 (1999). [CrossRef]

Bell. Syst. Tech. J.

• H. Kogelnik, �??Coupled wave theory for thick hologram gratings,�?? Bell. Syst. Tech. J. 48, 2909 (1969).

Bragg Gratings Photosens. & Poling 2001

• G. Brambilla and P. Hua, �??Phase separation in highly-photosensitive tin-doped and codoped silica optical fibers and preforms,�?? Bragg Gratings Photosensitivity and Poling in Glass Waveguides (BGPP), Stresa, Italy, Technical Digest, BthA1 (2001).

Electron. Lett.

• R. M. Atkins, P. J. Lemaire, T. Erdogan and V. Mizrahi, �??Mechanisms of enhanced UV photosensitivity via hydrogen loading in germanosilicate glasses,�?? Electron. Lett. 29, 1234 (1993). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.

• L. Dong, J. L. Cruz, L. Reekie, M. G. Xu and D. N. Payne, �??Enhanced photosensitivity in tin-doped germanosilicate optical fibers,�?? IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 7, 1048 (1995). [CrossRef]

J. Mater. Chem.

• N. Chiodini, F. Morazzoni, A. Paleari, R. Scotti and G. Spinolo, �??Sol-gel synthesis of monolithic tin-doped silica glass,�?? J. Mater. Chem. 9, 2653 (1999). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

• N. Uchida, �??Calculation of diffraction efficiency in hologram gratings attenuated along the direction perpendicular to the grating vector,�?? J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 62, 280 (1973).

OFC 1999

• G. E. Kohnke, D. W. Nightingale, P. G. Wigley and C. R. Pollock, �??Photosensitization of optical fiber by UV exposure of hydrogen loaded fiber,�?? Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC �??99), PD20 (1999).

Opt. Lett.

• H. Hosono and J. Nishii, �??High photosensitivity and nanometer scale phase separation in GeO2-SiO2 glass thin films,�?? Opt. Lett. 24, 1352 (1999).
• G. Brambilla, V. Pruneri, L. Reekie, C. Contardi, D. Milanese, and M. Ferraris, �??Bragg gratings in ternary SnO2:SiO2:Na2O optical glass fibers,�?? Opt. Lett. 25 (16), 1153 (2000).
• M. Fokine, W. Margulis, �??Large increase in photosensitivity through massive hydroxyl formation,�?? Opt. Lett. 25, 302 (2000).
• L. Dong, J. L. Cruz, J. A. Tucknott, L. Reekie and D. N. Payne, �??Strong photosensitive gratings in tin-doped phosphosilicate optical fibers,�?? Opt. Lett. 20, 1982 (1995).

Phys. Rev.

• N. Chiodini, F. Meinardi, F. Morazzoni, A. Paleari, R. Scotti and G. Spinolo, �??Identification of Sn variants of the E�?? center in Sn-doped SiO2,�?? Phys. Rev. 58, 9645 (1998).

Proc. SPIE

• G. Perrone, D. Berger, L. Cognolato, M. Ferraris, G. Motta, D. Pircalaboiu and I. Montrosset, Proc. SPIE 3283, 31 (1998).

Other

• O. V. Mazurin, M. V. Streltsina and T. P. Shvaiko-Shvaikovskaya, Handbook of glass data, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1985).

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