Optical modeling of an ultrathin scanning fiber endoscope, a preliminary study of confocal versus non-confocal detection

doi:10.1364/OPEX.13.007548

Optics Express

Editor: Michael Duncan
Vol. 13, Iss. 19 — Sep. 19, 2005
pp: 7548–7562

Optical modeling of an ultrathin scanning fiber endoscope, a preliminary study of confocal versus non-confocal detection

Erek Barhoum, Richard Johnston, and Eric Seibel »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 13, Issue 19, pp. 7548-7562 (2005)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OPEX.13.007548

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Abstract

An optical model of an ultrathin scanning fiber endoscope was constructed using a non-sequential ray tracing program and used to study the relationship between fiber deflection and collection efficiency from tissue. The problem of low collection efficiency of confocal detection through the scanned single-mode optical fiber was compared to non-confocal cladding detection. Collection efficiency is 40x greater in the non-confocal versus the confocal geometry due to the majority of rays incident on the core being outside the numerical aperture. Across scan angles of 0 to 30°, collection efficiency decreases from 14.4% to 6.3% for the non-confocal design compared to 0.34% to 0.10% for the confocal design. Non-confocality provides higher and more uniform collection efficiencies at larger scan angles while sacrificing the confocal spatial filter.

OCIS Codes
(170.2150) Medical optics and biotechnology : Endoscopic imaging
(180.1790) Microscopy : Confocal microscopy

ToC Category:
Research Papers

History
Original Manuscript: August 2, 2005
Revised Manuscript: September 7, 2005
Published: September 19, 2005

Citation
Erek Barhoum, Richard Johnston, and Eric Seibel, "Optical modeling of an ultrathin scanning fiber endoscope, a preliminary study of confocal versus non-confocal detection," Opt. Express 13, 7548-7562 (2005)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-19-7548

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References

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Am. Soc. Test. Meas.

ASTM E 1392-96, �??Standard Practice for Angle Resolved Optical Scatter Measurements on Specular or Diffuse Surfaces.�?? Am. Soc. Test. Meas. (1996).

Appl. Opt.

A. R. Rouse, A. Kano, J. A. Udovich, S. M. Kroto, and A.F. Gmitro, �??Design and demonstration of a miniature catheter for a confocal microendoscope,�?? Appl. Opt. 43, 5763-5771 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Dig. Dis. Sci.

W. McLaren, P. Anikijenko, D. Barkla, P. Delaney, and R. King, �??In vivo detection of experimental ulcerative colitis in rats using fiberoptic confocal imaging (FOCI),�?? Dig. Dis. Sci. 46, 2263-2276 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Frontiers in Optics / Laser Science XX

R. S. Johnston and E.J. Seibel, �??Scanning fiber endoscope prototype performance�?? in Frontiers in Optics / Laser Science XX, Topical Meetings on CD-ROM (The Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2004), presentation summary # FWM2,�?? given in Rochester, NY, 10-14, Oct. 2004.

Gastroenterology

R. Kiesslich, J. Burg, M. Vieth, J. Gnaendiger, M. Enders, P. Delany, A. Polglase, W. McLaren, D. Janell, S. Thomas, B. Nafe, P. R. Galle, and M. F. Neurath, �??Confocal laser endoscopy for diagnosing intraepithelial neoplasias and colorectal cancer in vivo,�?? Gastroenterology 127, 706-713 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
N. S. Nishioka, S. L. Jacques, J. M. Richter, and R. R. Anderson, �??Reflection and Transmission of Laser Light From the Esophagus: The Influence of Incident Angle,�?? Gastroenterology 94, 1180-1185 (1988). [PubMed]

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engr.

K-. B. Sung, C. Liang, M. Descour, T. Collier, M. Follen, and R. Richards-Kortum, �??Fiber-optic confocal reflectance microscope with miniature objective for in vivo imaging of human tissues,�?? IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engr. 49, 1168-1172 (2002). [CrossRef]

Lasers in the Life Sciences

S. L. Jacques, C. A. Alter, and S. A. Prahl, �??Angular Dependence of HeNe Laser Light Scattering by Human Dermis,�?? Lasers in the Life Sciences I, 309-334 (1987).

Lasers Surg. Med.

E. J. Seibel and Q. Y. J. Smithwick, �??Unique features of optical scanning, single fiber endoscopy,�?? Lasers Surg. Med. 30, 177-183 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. L. Jacques, J. R. Roman, and K. Lee, �??Imaging superficial tissues with polarized light,�?? Lasers Surg. Med. 26, 119-129 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

D. Yelin, B. E. Bouma, S. H. Yun, and G. J. Tearney, �??Double-clad fiber for endoscopy,�?? Opt. Lett. 29, 2408-2410 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Proc. SPIE

E. J. Seibel, Q. Y. J. Smithwick, C. M. Brown, and P. G. Reinhall, �??Single fiber flexible endoscope: general design for small size, high resolution, and wide field of view,�?? in Biomonitoring and Endoscopy Technologies, I. Gannot, Y. V. Gulyaev, T. G. Papazoglou, and C. F. P. van Swol, eds., Proc. SPIE 4158, 29-39 (2001). [CrossRef]
K. Murakami, �??A miniature confocal optical scanning microscope for endoscope,�?? in MOEMS Display and Imaging Systems III, H. Urey and D. L. Dickensheets, eds., Proc. SPIE 5721, 119-131 (2005). [CrossRef]

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