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Experimental observation of left-handed transmission in a bilayer metamaterial under normal-to-plane propagation
Kaan Guven, M. Deniz Caliskan, and Ekmel Ozbay »View Author Affiliations
1Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
2Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
3Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Bilkent 06800, Ankara, Turkey
Optics Express, Vol. 14, Issue 19, pp. 8685-8693 (2006)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.14.008685
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Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally the double-negative (ε < 0, µ < 0) transmission band of a one-dimensional metamaterial structure under normal-to-plane propagation in the microwave regime. The structure consists of stacked bilayers of metal cutwire and wire pairs, which are separated by a thin dielectric layer. The existence of the negative index of refraction is inferred from the transmission and phase spectra obtained by using multilayer metamaterial samples. Another metamaterial structure incorporating non-magnetic (electrically shorted) cutwire pairs does not exhibit the corresponding transmission band, which supports the true left-handed behavior of the metamaterial.
© 2006 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(160.4670) Materials : Optical materials
(260.5740) Physical optics : Resonance
ToC Category:
Metamaterials
History
Original Manuscript: July 10, 2006
Revised Manuscript: September 11, 2006
Manuscript Accepted: September 11, 2006
Published: September 18, 2006
Citation
Kaan Guven, M. Deniz Caliskan, and Ekmel Ozbay, "Experimental observation of left-handed transmission in a bilayer metamaterial under normal-to-plane propagation," Opt. Express 14, 8685-8693 (2006)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-19-8685
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References
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- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303,1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, B. K. Minhas, A. Frauenglass, K. J. Malloy, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Mid-infrared resonant magnetic nanostructures exhibiting a negative permeability," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 037402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. Gokkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, M. Kafesaki, R. Penciu, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100 GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- H. O. Moser, B. D. F. Casse, O. Wilhelmi, B. T. Saw, "Terahertz response of a microfabricated rod-split-ring-resonator electromagnetic metamaterial," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 063901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Simultaneous negative phase and group velocity of light in a metamaterial," Science 12, 892 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Low-loss negative-index metamaterial at communication wavelengths," Opt. Lett. 31, 1800 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Klein, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Single split-ring resonators at optical frequencies: limits of size scaling," Opt. Lett. 31, 1259, (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Low-loss negative-index metamaterial at communication wavelengths," Opt. Lett. 31, 1800 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Simultaneous negative phase and group velocity of light in a metamaterial," Science 12, 892 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, L. Zschiedrich, F. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 THz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, B. K. Minhas, A. Frauenglass, K. J. Malloy, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Mid-infrared resonant magnetic nanostructures exhibiting a negative permeability," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 037402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, K. J. Malloy, S. R. J. Brueck, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, "Near-infrared double negative metamaterials," Opt. Express 13, 4922 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303,1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, B. K. Minhas, A. Frauenglass, K. J. Malloy, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Mid-infrared resonant magnetic nanostructures exhibiting a negative permeability," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 037402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gokkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, M. Kafesaki, R. Penciu, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100 GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Gokkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, M. Kafesaki, R. Penciu, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100 GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Observation of negative refraction and negative phase velocity in left-handed metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, I. Bulu, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Investigation of magnetic resonances for different split-ring resonator parameters and designs," New J. Phys. 7, 168, 2005. [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, L. Zhang, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peak in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 26, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart, and I. Youngs "Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gokkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, M. Kafesaki, R. Penciu, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100 GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, I. Bulu, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Investigation of magnetic resonances for different split-ring resonator parameters and designs," New J. Phys. 7, 168, 2005. [CrossRef]
- N. Katsarakis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, R. S. Penciu, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far-infrared frequency regime," Opt. Lett. 30, 1348 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, L. Zhang, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peak in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 26, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B 73, 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. Katsarakis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, R. S. Penciu, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far-infrared frequency regime," Opt. Lett. 30, 1348 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, L. Zschiedrich, F. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 THz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Klein, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Single split-ring resonators at optical frequencies: limits of size scaling," Opt. Lett. 31, 1259, (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Low-loss negative-index metamaterial at communication wavelengths," Opt. Lett. 31, 1800 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Simultaneous negative phase and group velocity of light in a metamaterial," Science 12, 892 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, L. Zschiedrich, F. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 THz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, B. K. Minhas, A. Frauenglass, K. J. Malloy, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Mid-infrared resonant magnetic nanostructures exhibiting a negative permeability," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 037402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, K. J. Malloy, S. R. J. Brueck, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, "Near-infrared double negative metamaterials," Opt. Express 13, 4922 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, B. K. Minhas, A. Frauenglass, K. J. Malloy, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Mid-infrared resonant magnetic nanostructures exhibiting a negative permeability," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 037402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. O. Moser, B. D. F. Casse, O. Wilhelmi, B. T. Saw, "Terahertz response of a microfabricated rod-split-ring-resonator electromagnetic metamaterial," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 063901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001). [CrossRef]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, K. J. Malloy, S. R. J. Brueck, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, "Near-infrared double negative metamaterials," Opt. Express 13, 4922 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gokkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, M. Kafesaki, R. Penciu, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100 GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, I. Bulu, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Investigation of magnetic resonances for different split-ring resonator parameters and designs," New J. Phys. 7, 168, 2005. [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Observation of negative refraction and negative phase velocity in left-handed metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, L. Zhang, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peak in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 26, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303,1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, K. J. Malloy, S. R. J. Brueck, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, "Near-infrared double negative metamaterials," Opt. Express 13, 4922 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gokkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, M. Kafesaki, R. Penciu, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100 GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303,1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart, and I. Youngs "Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999). [CrossRef]
- H. O. Moser, B. D. F. Casse, O. Wilhelmi, B. T. Saw, "Terahertz response of a microfabricated rod-split-ring-resonator electromagnetic metamaterial," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 063901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, L. Zschiedrich, F. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science 292, 77 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science 292, 77 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303,1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science 292, 77 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001). [CrossRef]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Klein, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Single split-ring resonators at optical frequencies: limits of size scaling," Opt. Lett. 31, 1259, (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gokkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, M. Kafesaki, R. Penciu, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100 GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B 73, 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Low-loss negative-index metamaterial at communication wavelengths," Opt. Lett. 31, 1800 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Simultaneous negative phase and group velocity of light in a metamaterial," Science 12, 892 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, I. Bulu, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Investigation of magnetic resonances for different split-ring resonator parameters and designs," New J. Phys. 7, 168, 2005. [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Observation of negative refraction and negative phase velocity in left-handed metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, L. Zschiedrich, F. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Katsarakis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, R. S. Penciu, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far-infrared frequency regime," Opt. Lett. 30, 1348 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 THz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, L. Zhang, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peak in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 26, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart, and I. Youngs "Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B 73, 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. G. Veselago, "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of permittivity and permeability," Sov. Phys. Usp. 10, 504 (1968). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303,1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Klein, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Single split-ring resonators at optical frequencies: limits of size scaling," Opt. Lett. 31, 1259, (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Low-loss negative-index metamaterial at communication wavelengths," Opt. Lett. 31, 1800 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Simultaneous negative phase and group velocity of light in a metamaterial," Science 12, 892 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, L. Zschiedrich, F. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 THz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. O. Moser, B. D. F. Casse, O. Wilhelmi, B. T. Saw, "Terahertz response of a microfabricated rod-split-ring-resonator electromagnetic metamaterial," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 063901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303,1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart, and I. Youngs "Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B 73, 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, L. Zhang, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peak in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 26, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, K. J. Malloy, S. R. J. Brueck, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, "Near-infrared double negative metamaterials," Opt. Express 13, 4922 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, B. K. Minhas, A. Frauenglass, K. J. Malloy, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Mid-infrared resonant magnetic nanostructures exhibiting a negative permeability," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 037402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303,1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B 73, 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 THz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, L. Zschiedrich, F. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, L. Zschiedrich, F. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Observation of negative refraction and negative phase velocity in left-handed metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124102 (2005). [CrossRef]
IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999). [CrossRef]
New J. Phys.
- K. Aydin, I. Bulu, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Investigation of magnetic resonances for different split-ring resonator parameters and designs," New J. Phys. 7, 168, 2005. [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, K. J. Malloy, S. R. J. Brueck, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, "Near-infrared double negative metamaterials," Opt. Express 13, 4922 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. A. Podolskiy, A. K. Sarchev, V. M Shalaev, "Plasmon modes and negative refraction in metal nanowire composites," Opt. Express 11, 735 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- V. M. Shalaev, W. Cai, U. K. Chettiar, Hsiao-Kuan Yuan, A. K. Sarychev, V. P. Drachev, and A. V. Kildishev, "Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3356, (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Katsarakis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, R. S. Penciu, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far-infrared frequency regime," Opt. Lett. 30, 1348 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Klein, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Single split-ring resonators at optical frequencies: limits of size scaling," Opt. Lett. 31, 1259, (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Low-loss negative-index metamaterial at communication wavelengths," Opt. Lett. 31, 1800 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, L. Zhang, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peak in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 26, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. B
- M. Gokkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, M. Kafesaki, R. Penciu, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100 GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B 73, 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- H. O. Moser, B. D. F. Casse, O. Wilhelmi, B. T. Saw, "Terahertz response of a microfabricated rod-split-ring-resonator electromagnetic metamaterial," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 063901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, L. Zschiedrich, F. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, B. K. Minhas, A. Frauenglass, K. J. Malloy, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Mid-infrared resonant magnetic nanostructures exhibiting a negative permeability," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 037402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart, and I. Youngs "Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Science
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Simultaneous negative phase and group velocity of light in a metamaterial," Science 12, 892 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science 292, 77 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303,1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 THz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Sov. Phys. Usp.
- V. G. Veselago, "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of permittivity and permeability," Sov. Phys. Usp. 10, 504 (1968). [CrossRef]
2006, Klein, Opt. Lett.
- M. Gokkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, M. Kafesaki, R. Penciu, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100 GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B 73, 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Simultaneous negative phase and group velocity of light in a metamaterial," Science 12, 892 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, I. Bulu, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Investigation of magnetic resonances for different split-ring resonator parameters and designs," New J. Phys. 7, 168, 2005. [CrossRef]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Observation of negative refraction and negative phase velocity in left-handed metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. O. Moser, B. D. F. Casse, O. Wilhelmi, B. T. Saw, "Terahertz response of a microfabricated rod-split-ring-resonator electromagnetic metamaterial," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 063901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, L. Zschiedrich, F. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zhang, W. Fan, B. K. Minhas, A. Frauenglass, K. J. Malloy, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Mid-infrared resonant magnetic nanostructures exhibiting a negative permeability," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 037402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303,1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 THz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, L. Zhang, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peak in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 26, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science 292, 77 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart, and I. Youngs "Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. G. Veselago, "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of permittivity and permeability," Sov. Phys. Usp. 10, 504 (1968). [CrossRef]
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