Refractive index modification in glass by laser backwriting ablation of metals

doi:10.1364/OE.14.008765

Refractive index modification in glass by laser backwriting ablation of metals

Raul Rangel-Rojo, A. Castelo, M. T. Flores-Arias, C. Gómez-Reino, C. I. López-Gascón, and G. F. de la Fuente »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 14, Issue 19, pp. 8765-8771 (2006)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.14.008765

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Abstract
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Abstract

We report the use of laser ablation of metal targets onto a glass substrate as a way of producing waveguiding devices. In the geometry employed, the nanosecond pulses used for the ablation pass through the glass substrate, and are focused on the metal surface, which is located in close proximity with the substrate. We present measurements of the refractive index profile obtained with this technique, and present a discussion of the physical mechanisms that produce the profiles measured.

OCIS Codes
(140.3390) Lasers and laser optics : Laser materials processing
(230.7380) Optical devices : Waveguides, channeled

ToC Category:
Optical Devices

History
Original Manuscript: May 11, 2006
Revised Manuscript: August 15, 2006
Manuscript Accepted: August 20, 2006
Published: September 18, 2006

Citation
Raul Rangel-Rojo, A. Castelo, M. T. Flores-Arias, C. Gómez-Reino, C. I. López-Gascón, and G. F. de la Fuente, "Refractive index modification in glass by laser backwriting ablation of metals," Opt. Express 14, 8765-8771 (2006)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-19-8765

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References

see for example: S. I. Najafi, "Introduction to Glass Integrated Optics," (Artech House Inc., Massachusetts, 1992).
E. Flores-Romero, G. V. Vázquez, H. Márquez, R. Rangel-Rojo, J. Rickards, and R. Trejo-Luna, "Planar waveguide lasers by proton implantation in Nd:YAG crystals," Opt. Express 12, 2264-2269 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Liu, E. Y. B. Pun, T. C. Sum, A. A. Bettiol, J. A. van Kan, and F. Watt, "Erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers fabricated using focused proton beam writing," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 684-686 (2004). [CrossRef]
F. Chen, X. L. Wang, X. S. Li, L. L. Hu, Q. M. Lu, K. M. Wang, B. R. Shi, and D. Y. Shen, "Ion-implanted waveguides in Nd3+-doped silicate glass and Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass, Appl. Surf. Sci. 193, 92-101 (2002). [CrossRef]
K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, "Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser," Opt. Lett. 21, 1729-1731 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, A. Tuennermann, "Femtosecond waveguide writing: a new avenue to threedimensional integrated optics," Appl. Phys. A. 77, 108-11 (2003). [CrossRef]
A. Castelo, D. Nieto, M. T. Flores-Arias, C. Gómez-Reino, X. de la Fuente, "Laser backwriting process on glass via ablation of metal targets," in Lasers and Applications, K. M. Abramski, A. Lapucci, and E. F. Plinski, eds., Proc. SPIE 5958 600-607 (2005).
J. Bohandy, B. F. Kim, and F. J. Adrian, "Metal deposition from a supported metal film using an excimer laser," J. Appl. Phys. 60, 1538-1539 (2006).
R. Göring, and M. Rothhardt, "Application of the refracted near fied technique to multimode planar and channel waveguides in glass," J. Opt. Commun. 7, 82-85 (1986). [CrossRef]
P. Oberson, B. Gisin, B. Huttner, and N. Gisin, "Refracted near-field measurements of refractive index and geometry of silica-on-silicon integrated optical waveguides," Appl. Opt. 37, 7268-7272 (1998). [CrossRef]

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[1] see for example: S. I. Najafi, "Introduction to Glass Integrated Optics," (Artech House Inc., Massachusetts, 1992).

[2] E. Flores-Romero, G. V. Vázquez, H. Márquez, R. Rangel-Rojo, J. Rickards, and R. Trejo-Luna, "Planar waveguide lasers by proton implantation in Nd:YAG crystals," Opt. Express 12, 2264-2269 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] K. Liu, E. Y. B. Pun, T. C. Sum, A. A. Bettiol, J. A. van Kan, and F. Watt, "Erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers fabricated using focused proton beam writing," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 684-686 (2004). [CrossRef]

[4] F. Chen, X. L. Wang, X. S. Li, L. L. Hu, Q. M. Lu, K. M. Wang, B. R. Shi, and D. Y. Shen, "Ion-implanted waveguides in Nd3+-doped silicate glass and Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass, Appl. Surf. Sci. 193, 92-101 (2002). [CrossRef]

[5] K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, "Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser," Opt. Lett. 21, 1729-1731 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, A. Tuennermann, "Femtosecond waveguide writing: a new avenue to threedimensional integrated optics," Appl. Phys. A. 77, 108-11 (2003). [CrossRef]

[7] A. Castelo, D. Nieto, M. T. Flores-Arias, C. Gómez-Reino, X. de la Fuente, "Laser backwriting process on glass via ablation of metal targets," in Lasers and Applications, K. M. Abramski, A. Lapucci, and E. F. Plinski, eds., Proc. SPIE 5958 600-607 (2005).

[8] J. Bohandy, B. F. Kim, and F. J. Adrian, "Metal deposition from a supported metal film using an excimer laser," J. Appl. Phys. 60, 1538-1539 (2006).

[9] R. Göring, and M. Rothhardt, "Application of the refracted near fied technique to multimode planar and channel waveguides in glass," J. Opt. Commun. 7, 82-85 (1986). [CrossRef]

[10] P. Oberson, B. Gisin, B. Huttner, and N. Gisin, "Refracted near-field measurements of refractive index and geometry of silica-on-silicon integrated optical waveguides," Appl. Opt. 37, 7268-7272 (1998). [CrossRef]

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Refractive index modification in glass by laser backwriting ablation of metals