Single mode optofluidic distributed feedback dye laser

doi:10.1364/OPEX.14.000696

Optics Express

Editor: Michael Duncan
Vol. 14, Iss. 2 — Jan. 23, 2006
pp: 696–701

Single mode optofluidic distributed feedback dye laser

Zhenyu Li, Zhaoyu Zhang, Teresa Emery, Axel Scherer, and Demetri Psaltis »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 14, Issue 2, pp. 696-701 (2006)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OPEX.14.000696

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Abstract

Single frequency lasing from organic dye solutions on a monolithic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer chip is demonstrated. The laser cavity consists of a single mode liquid core/PDMS cladding channel waveguide and a phase shifted 15th order distributed feedback (DFB) structure. A 1mM solution of Rhodamine 6G in a methanol and ethylene glycol mixture was used as the gain medium. Using 6 nanosecond 532nm Nd:YAG laser pulses as the pump light, we achieved threshold pump fluence of ~0.8mJ/cm² and single-mode operation at pump levels up to ten times the threshold. This microfabricated dye laser provides a compact and inexpensive coherent light source for microfluidics and integrated optics covering from near UV to near IR spectral region.

OCIS Codes
(130.0130) Integrated optics : Integrated optics
(140.2050) Lasers and laser optics : Dye lasers
(140.3490) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, distributed-feedback
(140.3570) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, single-mode
(230.4000) Optical devices : Microstructure fabrication
(230.7380) Optical devices : Waveguides, channeled

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Vol. 1, Iss. 2 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics

Citation
Zhenyu Li, Zhaoyu Zhang, Teresa Emery, Axel Scherer, and Demetri Psaltis, "Single mode optofluidic distributed feedback dye laser," Opt. Express 14, 696-701 (2006)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-2-696

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References

B. Helbo, A. Kristensen, and A. Menon, "A micro-cavity fluidic dye laser," J. Micromech. Microeng. 13, 307-311 (2003). [CrossRef]
D. V. Vezenov, B. T. Mayers, R. S. Conroy, G. M. Witesides, P. T. Snee, Y. Chan, D. G. Nocera, and M. G. Bawendi, "A low-threshold, high-efficiency microfluidic waveguide laser," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 8952-8953 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. C. Galas, J. Torres, M. Belotti, and Q. Kou, "Microfluidic tunable dye laser with integrated mixer and ring resonator," App. Phys. Lett. 86, 264101 (2005). [CrossRef]
S. Baslslev and A. Kristensen, "Microfluidic single-mode laser using high-order Bragg grating and antiguiding segments," Opt. Express 13, 344-351 (2005), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-1-344">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-1-344</a> [CrossRef]
L. A. Coldren and S. W. Corzine, Diode lasers and photonic integrated circuits (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1995).
J. C. McDonald and G. M. Whitesides, "Poly(dimethylsiloxane) as a material for fabricating microfluidic devices," Acc. Chem. Res. 35, 491-499 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. R. Quake and A. Scherer, "From micro- to nanofabrication with soft materials," Science 290, 1536-1540 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. N. Xia and G. M. Whitesides, "Soft lithography," Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 28, 153-184 (1998). [CrossRef]
M. A. Unger, H. P. Chou, T. Thorsen, A. Scherer, S. R. Quake, "Monolithic microfabricated valves and pumps by multilayer soft lithography," Science 288, 113-116 (2000). [CrossRef]
A. Yariv, Optical electronics in modern communications (Oxford, New York, 1997).
L. A. Wellerbrophy and D. G. Hall, "Analysis of wave-guide gratings-application of Rouard's method," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2, 863-871 (1985). [CrossRef]
S. C. De Rosa, L. A. Herzenberg, and M. Roederer, "11-color, 13-parameter flow cytometry: identification of human naive T cells by phenotype, function, and T-cell receptor diversity," Nat. Med. 7, 245-248 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. Streifer, D. R Scifres, and R. D. Burnham, "Coupling coefficients for distributed feedback single- and double-heterostructure diode lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 11, 867-873 (1975). [CrossRef]

Acc. Chem. Res.

J. C. McDonald and G. M. Whitesides, "Poly(dimethylsiloxane) as a material for fabricating microfluidic devices," Acc. Chem. Res. 35, 491-499 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci.

Y. N. Xia and G. M. Whitesides, "Soft lithography," Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 28, 153-184 (1998). [CrossRef]

App. Phys. Lett.

J. C. Galas, J. Torres, M. Belotti, and Q. Kou, "Microfluidic tunable dye laser with integrated mixer and ring resonator," App. Phys. Lett. 86, 264101 (2005). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

W. Streifer, D. R Scifres, and R. D. Burnham, "Coupling coefficients for distributed feedback single- and double-heterostructure diode lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 11, 867-873 (1975). [CrossRef]

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

D. V. Vezenov, B. T. Mayers, R. S. Conroy, G. M. Witesides, P. T. Snee, Y. Chan, D. G. Nocera, and M. G. Bawendi, "A low-threshold, high-efficiency microfluidic waveguide laser," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 8952-8953 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Micromech. Microeng.

B. Helbo, A. Kristensen, and A. Menon, "A micro-cavity fluidic dye laser," J. Micromech. Microeng. 13, 307-311 (2003). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

L. A. Wellerbrophy and D. G. Hall, "Analysis of wave-guide gratings-application of Rouard's method," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2, 863-871 (1985). [CrossRef]

Nat. Med.

S. C. De Rosa, L. A. Herzenberg, and M. Roederer, "11-color, 13-parameter flow cytometry: identification of human naive T cells by phenotype, function, and T-cell receptor diversity," Nat. Med. 7, 245-248 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

S. Baslslev and A. Kristensen, "Microfluidic single-mode laser using high-order Bragg grating and antiguiding segments," Opt. Express 13, 344-351 (2005), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-1-344">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-1-344</a> [CrossRef]

Science

M. A. Unger, H. P. Chou, T. Thorsen, A. Scherer, S. R. Quake, "Monolithic microfabricated valves and pumps by multilayer soft lithography," Science 288, 113-116 (2000). [CrossRef]
S. R. Quake and A. Scherer, "From micro- to nanofabrication with soft materials," Science 290, 1536-1540 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

A. Yariv, Optical electronics in modern communications (Oxford, New York, 1997).
L. A. Coldren and S. W. Corzine, Diode lasers and photonic integrated circuits (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1995).

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[1] B. Helbo, A. Kristensen, and A. Menon, "A micro-cavity fluidic dye laser," J. Micromech. Microeng. 13, 307-311 (2003). [CrossRef]

[2] D. V. Vezenov, B. T. Mayers, R. S. Conroy, G. M. Witesides, P. T. Snee, Y. Chan, D. G. Nocera, and M. G. Bawendi, "A low-threshold, high-efficiency microfluidic waveguide laser," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 8952-8953 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] J. C. Galas, J. Torres, M. Belotti, and Q. Kou, "Microfluidic tunable dye laser with integrated mixer and ring resonator," App. Phys. Lett. 86, 264101 (2005). [CrossRef]

[4] S. Baslslev and A. Kristensen, "Microfluidic single-mode laser using high-order Bragg grating and antiguiding segments," Opt. Express 13, 344-351 (2005), <a href="http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-1-344">http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-1-344</a> [CrossRef]

[5] L. A. Coldren and S. W. Corzine, Diode lasers and photonic integrated circuits (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1995).

[6] J. C. McDonald and G. M. Whitesides, "Poly(dimethylsiloxane) as a material for fabricating microfluidic devices," Acc. Chem. Res. 35, 491-499 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] S. R. Quake and A. Scherer, "From micro- to nanofabrication with soft materials," Science 290, 1536-1540 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] Y. N. Xia and G. M. Whitesides, "Soft lithography," Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 28, 153-184 (1998). [CrossRef]

[9] M. A. Unger, H. P. Chou, T. Thorsen, A. Scherer, S. R. Quake, "Monolithic microfabricated valves and pumps by multilayer soft lithography," Science 288, 113-116 (2000). [CrossRef]

[10] A. Yariv, Optical electronics in modern communications (Oxford, New York, 1997).

[11] L. A. Wellerbrophy and D. G. Hall, "Analysis of wave-guide gratings-application of Rouard's method," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2, 863-871 (1985). [CrossRef]

[12] S. C. De Rosa, L. A. Herzenberg, and M. Roederer, "11-color, 13-parameter flow cytometry: identification of human naive T cells by phenotype, function, and T-cell receptor diversity," Nat. Med. 7, 245-248 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] W. Streifer, D. R Scifres, and R. D. Burnham, "Coupling coefficients for distributed feedback single- and double-heterostructure diode lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 11, 867-873 (1975). [CrossRef]

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Single mode optofluidic distributed feedback dye laser

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Abstract

References

Acc. Chem. Res.

Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci.

App. Phys. Lett.

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

J. Micromech. Microeng.

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

Nat. Med.

Opt. Express

Science

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