This paper describes a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-assisted real-time three-dimensional shape measurement system. Our experiments demonstrated that the absolute coordinates calculation and rendering speed of a GPU is more than four times faster than that of a dual CPU workstation with the same graphics card. By implementing the GPU into our system, we realized simultaneous absolute coordinate acquisition, reconstruction and display at 30 frames per second with a resolution of approximately 266K points per frame. Moreover, a 2+1 phase-shifting algorithm was employed to alleviate the measurement error caused by motion. Applications of the system include medical imaging, manufacturing, entertainment, and security.

© 2006 Optical Society of America

1. M. Takeda and K. Mutoh, "Fourier Transform Profilometry for the Automatic Measurement of 3-D Object Shape," Appl. Opt. 22, 3977-3982 (1983). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. S. Almaz´an-Cu´ellar and D. Malacara-Hern´andez, "Two-step Phase-shifting Algorithm," Opt. Eng. 42, 3524-3531 (2003). [CrossRef]
3. C. Quan, C. J. Tay, X. Kang, X. Y. He, and H. M. Shang, "Shape Measurement by Use of Liquid-crystal Display Fringe Projection with Two-step Phase-Shifting," Appl. Opt. 42, 2329-2335 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. P. S. Huang and S. Zhang, "A Fast Three-Step Phase Shifting Algorithm," Appl. Opt. 45 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. S. Zhang and P. S. Huang, "High-Resolution, Real-time 3-D Shape Measurement," Opt. Eng. (2006). In Press. [CrossRef]
6. S. Zhang and S.-T. Yau, "High-resolution, Real-time 3D Absolute Coordinate Measurement Based on a Phaseshifting Method," Opt. Express 1414, 2644-2649 (2006).
7. J. R. P. Angel and P. L. Wizinowich, "A Method of Phase Shifting in the Presence of Vibration," in ESO Proc., vol. 30 (1988).
8. P. L. Wizinowich, "Phase Shifting Interferometry in the Presence of Vibration: A New Algorithm and System," Appl. Opt. 29, 3271-3279 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. J. C. Wyant, "Phase Shifting Interferometry," http://www.optics.arizona.edu/jcwyant/Optics513/optics513.htm (1998).
10. M. Ujaldon and J. Saltz, "Exploiting Parallelism on Irregular Applications Using the GPU," in Intl. Conf. on Paral. Comp., pp. 13-16 (2005).
11. B. Khailany, W. Dally, S. Rixner, U. Kapasi, J. Owens, and B. Towles, "Exploring the VLSI Scalability of Stream Processors," in Proc. 9th Symp. on High Perf. Comp. Arch., pp. 153-164 (2003).
12. E. Lindholm, M. J. Kligard, and H. Moreton, "A user-programmable vertex engine," in Proc. of SIGGRAPH, pp. 149-158 (2001).
13. R. Fernando and M. J. Kilgard, The Cg Tutorial (Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2003).
14. D. Malacara, ed., Optical Shop Testing (John Wiley and Songs, NY, 1992).
15. S. Zhang, "High-Resolution, Real-Time 3-D Shape Measurement," Ph.D. thesis, Stony Brook University, State University of New York (2005).
16. D. C. Ghiglia and M. D. Pritt, Two-Dimensional Phase Unwrapping: Theory, Algorithms, and Software (John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1998).
17. S. Zhang, X. Li, and S.-T. Yau, "Multi-level Quality-Guided Phase Unwrapping Algorithm for Real-time 3-D Reconstruction," Appl. Opt. (2006). In Revision. [PubMed]
18. S. Zhang and P. S. Huang, "A Novel Structured Light System Calibration," Opt. Eng. 45 (2006). [CrossRef]

Appl. Opt.

• P. L. Wizinowich, "Phase Shifting Interferometry in the Presence of Vibration: A New Algorithm and System," Appl. Opt. 29, 3271-3279 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• C. Quan, C. J. Tay, X. Kang, X. Y. He, and H. M. Shang, "Shape Measurement by Use of Liquid-crystal Display Fringe Projection with Two-step Phase-Shifting," Appl. Opt. 42, 2329-2335 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• P. S. Huang and S. Zhang, "A Fast Three-Step Phase Shifting Algorithm," Appl. Opt. 45 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. Takeda and K. Mutoh, "Fourier Transform Profilometry for the Automatic Measurement of 3-D Object Shape," Appl. Opt. 22, 3977-3982 (1983). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Eng.

• S. Almaz´an-Cu´ellar and D. Malacara-Hern´andez, "Two-step Phase-shifting Algorithm," Opt. Eng. 42, 3524-3531 (2003). [CrossRef]
• S. Zhang and P. S. Huang, "A Novel Structured Light System Calibration," Opt. Eng. 45 (2006). [CrossRef]
• S. Zhang and P. S. Huang, "High-Resolution, Real-time 3-D Shape Measurement," Opt. Eng. (2006). In Press. [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• S. Zhang and S.-T. Yau, "High-resolution, Real-time 3D Absolute Coordinate Measurement Based on a Phaseshifting Method," Opt. Express 1414, 2644-2649 (2006).

Other

• J. R. P. Angel and P. L. Wizinowich, "A Method of Phase Shifting in the Presence of Vibration," in ESO Proc., vol. 30 (1988).
• J. C. Wyant, "Phase Shifting Interferometry," http://www.optics.arizona.edu/jcwyant/Optics513/optics513.htm (1998).
• M. Ujaldon and J. Saltz, "Exploiting Parallelism on Irregular Applications Using the GPU," in Intl. Conf. on Paral. Comp., pp. 13-16 (2005).
• B. Khailany, W. Dally, S. Rixner, U. Kapasi, J. Owens, and B. Towles, "Exploring the VLSI Scalability of Stream Processors," in Proc. 9th Symp. on High Perf. Comp. Arch., pp. 153-164 (2003).
• E. Lindholm, M. J. Kligard, and H. Moreton, "A user-programmable vertex engine," in Proc. of SIGGRAPH, pp. 149-158 (2001).
• R. Fernando and M. J. Kilgard, The Cg Tutorial (Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2003).
• D. Malacara, ed., Optical Shop Testing (John Wiley and Songs, NY, 1992).
• S. Zhang, "High-Resolution, Real-Time 3-D Shape Measurement," Ph.D. thesis, Stony Brook University, State University of New York (2005).
• D. C. Ghiglia and M. D. Pritt, Two-Dimensional Phase Unwrapping: Theory, Algorithms, and Software (John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1998).
• S. Zhang, X. Li, and S.-T. Yau, "Multi-level Quality-Guided Phase Unwrapping Algorithm for Real-time 3-D Reconstruction," Appl. Opt. (2006). In Revision. [PubMed]

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