Multi-step multi-beam laser interference patterning of three-dimensional photonic lattices

doi:10.1364/OE.14.002309

Multi-step multi-beam laser interference patterning of three-dimensional photonic lattices

Satoru Shoji, Remo Zaccaria, Hong-Bo Sun, and Satoshi Kawata »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 14, Issue 6, pp. 2309-2316 (2006)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.14.002309

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Abstract
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References (12)
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Abstract

We present laser interference patterning of three-dimensional photonic lattice structures with three-step three-beam irradiation. In contrast to one-step four-beam interference patterning, the proposed method makes it possible to continuously tune the lattice constant and the photonic band gap without distortion of the lattice shape. We analytically show that all fourteen Bravais lattices are possible to be produced by choosing proper incident vectors of laser beams. A simple routine to seek the geometrical configuration of the incident beams for producing arbitrary Bravais lattices is shown. Furthermore, We experimentally demonstrate the fabrication of three-dimensional photonic lattices in the photoresist SU-8. Significant photonic band gap effects have been observed from the well-defined photonic lattices.

OCIS Codes
(090.2880) Holography : Holographic interferometry
(220.4000) Optical design and fabrication : Microstructure fabrication
(220.4610) Optical design and fabrication : Optical fabrication
(230.0250) Optical devices : Optoelectronics

ToC Category:
Optical Design and Fabrication

History
Original Manuscript: January 17, 2006
Revised Manuscript: March 7, 2006
Manuscript Accepted: March 13, 2006
Published: March 20, 2006

Citation
Satoru Shoji, Remo Zaccaria, Hong-Bo Sun, and Satoshi Kawata, "Multi-step multi-beam laser interference patterning of three-dimensional photonic lattices," Opt. Express 14, 2309-2316 (2006)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-6-2309

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References

J. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, and S. Fan, "Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light," Nature (London) 386, 143-149 (1997). [CrossRef]
L. Z. Cai, X. L. Yang, and Y. R. Wang, "All fourteen Bravais lattices can be formed by interference of four noncoplanar beams," Opt. Lett. 27, 900-902 (2002). [CrossRef]
M. Campbell, D. N. Sharp, M. T. Harrison, R. G. Denning, and A. J. Turberfield, "Fabrication of photonic crystals for the visible spectrum by holographiclithography," Nature (London) 404, 53-56 (2000). [CrossRef]
S. Shoji and S. Kawata, "Photofabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals by multibeam laser interference into a photopolymerizable resin," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2668-2670 (2000). [CrossRef]
D. N. Sharp, A. J. Turberfield, and R. G. Denning, "Holographic photonic crystals with diamond symmetry," Phys. Rev. B 68, 205102 (2003). [CrossRef]
S. Shoji, H.-B. Sun, and S. Kawata, "Photofabrication of wood-pile three-dimensional photonic crystals using four-beam laser interference," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 608-610 (2003). [CrossRef]
G. J. Schneider, E. D. Wetzel, J. A. Murakowski, and D. W. Prather, "Fabrication of three-dimensional Yablonovite photonic crystals by multiple-exposure UV interference lithography," Proc. SPIE 5720, 9 (2005). [CrossRef]
S. Shoji, H.-B. Sun, and S. Kawata, "Multi-Beam Interference Laser Fabrication of an Inverse Structure of Yablonovite Photonic Crystal," Technical Digest of International Symposium on Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures V (PECS-V), 34 (2004).
L. Z. Cai, X. L. Yang, and Y. R. Wang, "Formation of a microfiber bundle by interference of three noncoplanar beams," Opt. Lett. 26, 1858-1860 (2001). [CrossRef]
L. Yuan, G. P. Wang, and X. Huang, "Arrangements of four beams for any Bravais lattice," Opt. Lett. 28, 1769-1771 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Yu. V. Miklyaev, D. C. Meisel, A. Blanco, G. von Freymann, K. Busch, W. Koch, C. Enkrich, M. Deubel, and M. Wegener, "Three-dimensional face-centered-cubic photonic crystal templates by laser holography: fabrication, optical characterization, and band-structure calculations," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1284 (2003). [CrossRef]
E. Yablonovitch, T. J. Gmitter, and K. M. Leung, "Photonic Band Structure: The Face-Centered-Cubic Case Employing Nonspherical Atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2295-2298 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Blanco, A.
Busch, K.
Cai, L. Z.
Campbell, M.
Denning, R. G.
Deubel, M.
Enkrich, C.
Fan, S.
Gmitter, T. J.
Harrison, M. T.
Huang, X.
Joannopoulos, J.
Kawata, S.
Koch, W.
Leung, K. M.
Meisel, D. C.
Miklyaev, Yu. V.
Murakowski, J. A.
Prather, D. W.
Schneider, G. J.
Sharp, D. N.
Shoji, S.
Sun, H.-B.
Turberfield, A. J.
Villeneuve, P. R.
von Freymann, G.
Wang, G. P.
Wang, Y. R.
Wegener, M.
Wetzel, E. D.
Yablonovitch, E.
Yang, X. L.
Yuan, L.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

S. Shoji and S. Kawata, "Photofabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals by multibeam laser interference into a photopolymerizable resin," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2668-2670 (2000). [CrossRef]
S. Shoji, H.-B. Sun, and S. Kawata, "Photofabrication of wood-pile three-dimensional photonic crystals using four-beam laser interference," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 608-610 (2003). [CrossRef]
Yu. V. Miklyaev, D. C. Meisel, A. Blanco, G. von Freymann, K. Busch, W. Koch, C. Enkrich, M. Deubel, and M. Wegener, "Three-dimensional face-centered-cubic photonic crystal templates by laser holography: fabrication, optical characterization, and band-structure calculations," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1284 (2003). [CrossRef]

Nature (London)

M. Campbell, D. N. Sharp, M. T. Harrison, R. G. Denning, and A. J. Turberfield, "Fabrication of photonic crystals for the visible spectrum by holographiclithography," Nature (London) 404, 53-56 (2000). [CrossRef]
J. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, and S. Fan, "Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light," Nature (London) 386, 143-149 (1997). [CrossRef]

Opt. Lett.

Phys. Rev. B

D. N. Sharp, A. J. Turberfield, and R. G. Denning, "Holographic photonic crystals with diamond symmetry," Phys. Rev. B 68, 205102 (2003). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

E. Yablonovitch, T. J. Gmitter, and K. M. Leung, "Photonic Band Structure: The Face-Centered-Cubic Case Employing Nonspherical Atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2295-2298 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Proc. SPIE

G. J. Schneider, E. D. Wetzel, J. A. Murakowski, and D. W. Prather, "Fabrication of three-dimensional Yablonovite photonic crystals by multiple-exposure UV interference lithography," Proc. SPIE 5720, 9 (2005). [CrossRef]

Other

S. Shoji, H.-B. Sun, and S. Kawata, "Multi-Beam Interference Laser Fabrication of an Inverse Structure of Yablonovite Photonic Crystal," Technical Digest of International Symposium on Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures V (PECS-V), 34 (2004).

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