External stimulus driven variable-step grating in a nematic elastomer

doi:10.1364/OE.15.006784

External stimulus driven variable-step grating in a nematic elastomer

Emel Sungur, Min-Hui Li, Gregory Taupier, Alex Boeglin, Michelangelo Romeo, Stéphane Mery, Patrick Keller, and Kokou D. Dorkenoo »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 11, pp. 6784-6789 (2007)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.006784

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Abstract

We report on the creation of micro-patterns in an oriented nematic elastomer (an artificial muscle material) by photopolymerization of surface aligned nematic liquid crystal monomers. We demonstrate that microscopic techniques are able to create accurate patterns in rubber-like liquid crystal materials. Two approaches, based on one and two-photon excitations respectively, are implemented using a microscope-based setup. Due to its high spatial selectivity, the two-photon excitation mode yields finer patterns. Benefitting from the intrinsic, thermally-induced, contractile properties of the material, gratings with variable steps in response to temperature changes were fabricated.

OCIS Codes
(180.1790) Microscopy : Confocal microscopy
(190.4180) Nonlinear optics : Multiphoton processes
(230.3720) Optical devices : Liquid-crystal devices

ToC Category:
Microscopy

History
Original Manuscript: February 9, 2007
Revised Manuscript: March 23, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: March 24, 2007
Published: May 18, 2007

Virtual Issues
Vol. 2, Iss. 6 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics

Citation
Emel Sungur, Min-Hui Li, Gregory Taupier, Alex Boeglin, Michelangelo Romeo, Stéphane Mery, Patrick Keller, and Kokou D. Dorkenoo, "External stimulus driven variable-step grating in a nematic elastomer," Opt. Express 15, 6784-6789 (2007)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-11-6784

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References

D. McPhail and M. Gu, "Use of polarization sensitivity for three-dimensional optical data storage in polymer dispersed liquid crystals under two-photon illumination," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1160-1162 (2002). [CrossRef]
A. Y.-G. Fuh, C.-Y. Tsai and C.-L. Lu, "Fast optical recording in dye doped polymer dispersed liquid crystal films," Opt. Lett. 26, 447-449 (2001). [CrossRef]
M. Y. Shih, A. Shishido and I. C. Khoo, "All-optical image processing by means of a photosensitive nonlinear liquid-crystal film: edge enhancement and image addition-substraction," Opt. Lett. 26, 1140-1142 (2001). [CrossRef]
V. P. Tondiglia, L. V. Natarajan, R. L. Sutherland. D. Tamlinnd and T. J. Bunning, "Holographic formation of electro-optical polymer liquid crystal photonic crystal," Adv. Mater. 14, 187 (2002). [CrossRef]
I. Divliansky, T. S. Mayer, K. S. Holliday, and V. H. Crespi, "Fabrication of three-dimensional polymer photonic crystal structures using single diffraction element interference lithography," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1667-1669 (2003). [CrossRef]
P.-G. de Gennes, "Réflexions sur un type de polymères nématiques," C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. B 281, 101-103 (1975).
P.-G. de Gennes, "A semi-fast artificial muscle," C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser.IIb 324, 343-348 (1997).
M.-H. Li and P. Keller, "Artificial muscles based on liquid crystal elastomers," Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 364, 2763-2777 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. Yu and T. Ikeda, "Soft actuators based on liquid-crystalline elastomers," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 5416-5418 (2006). [CrossRef]
D. L. Thomsen III, P. Keller, J. Naciri, R. Pink, H. Jeon, D. Shenoy and B. R. Ratna, "Liquid crystal elastomers with mechanical properties of a muscle," Macromolecules 34, 5868-5875 (2001). [CrossRef]
M.-H. Li, P. Keller, B. Li, X. Wang and M. Brunet, "Light-driven side-on nematic elastomer actuator," Adv. Mater. 15, 569-572 (2003). [CrossRef]
A. Buguin, M.-H. Li, P. Silberzan, B. Ladoux, and P. Keller, "Micro-actuators: when artificial muscles made of nematic crystal elastomer meet soft lithography," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 1088-1089 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. L. Elias, K. D. Harris, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, D. J. Broer, and M. J. Brett, "Photopatterned liquid crystalline polymers for microactuators," J. Mater. Chem. 16, 2903-2912 (2006). [CrossRef]
M. E. Sousa, D. J. Broer, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, L. B. Freund, and G. P. Crawford, "Isotropic "islands" in a cholesteric "sea": patterned thermal expansion for responsive surface topologies," Adv. Mater. 18, 1842-1845 (2006). [CrossRef]
K. J. Schafer, J. M. Hales, M. Balu, K. D. Belfield, E. W. Van Stryland and D. J. Hagan, "Two-photon absorption cross-sections of common photoinitiators," J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 162, 497-502 (2004). [CrossRef]
J. Mertz, "Molecular photodynamics involved in multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy," Eur. Phy. J. D 3, 53-66 (1998). [CrossRef]
K. D. Dorkenoo, F. Gillot, O. Crégut, Y. Sonnefraud, A. Fort and H. Leblond "Control of the refractive index in photopolymerizable materials for (2+1)D solitary wave guide formation," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 143905 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Balu, M.
Bastiaansen, C. W. M.
Belfield, K. D.
Brett, M. J.
Broer, D. J.
Brunet, M.
Buguin, A.
Crawford, G. P.
Crégut, O.
Crespi, V. H.
de Gennes, P.-G.
Divliansky, I.
Dorkenoo, K. D.
Elias, A. L.
Fort, A.
Freund, L. B.
Fuh, A. Y.-G.
Gillot, F.
Gu, M.
Hagan, D. J.
Hales, J. M.
Harris, K. D.
Holliday, K. S.
Ikeda, T.
Jeon, H.
Keller, P.
Khoo, I. C.
Ladoux, B.
Leblond, H.
Li, B.
Li, M.-H.
Lu, C.-L.
Mayer, T. S.
McPhail, D.
Mertz, J.
Naciri, J.
Natarajan, L. V.
Pink, R.
Ratna, B. R.
Schafer, K. J.
Shenoy, D.
Shih, M. Y.
Shishido, A.
Silberzan, P.
Sonnefraud, Y.
Sousa, M. E.
Sutherland, R. L.
Thomsen, D. L.
Tondiglia, V. P.
Tsai, C.-Y.
Van Stryland, E. W.
Wang, X.
Yu, Y.

Adv. Mater.

V. P. Tondiglia, L. V. Natarajan, R. L. Sutherland. D. Tamlinnd and T. J. Bunning, "Holographic formation of electro-optical polymer liquid crystal photonic crystal," Adv. Mater. 14, 187 (2002). [CrossRef]
M.-H. Li, P. Keller, B. Li, X. Wang and M. Brunet, "Light-driven side-on nematic elastomer actuator," Adv. Mater. 15, 569-572 (2003). [CrossRef]
M. E. Sousa, D. J. Broer, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, L. B. Freund, and G. P. Crawford, "Isotropic "islands" in a cholesteric "sea": patterned thermal expansion for responsive surface topologies," Adv. Mater. 18, 1842-1845 (2006). [CrossRef]

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

Y. Yu and T. Ikeda, "Soft actuators based on liquid-crystalline elastomers," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 5416-5418 (2006). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

I. Divliansky, T. S. Mayer, K. S. Holliday, and V. H. Crespi, "Fabrication of three-dimensional polymer photonic crystal structures using single diffraction element interference lithography," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1667-1669 (2003). [CrossRef]
D. McPhail and M. Gu, "Use of polarization sensitivity for three-dimensional optical data storage in polymer dispersed liquid crystals under two-photon illumination," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1160-1162 (2002). [CrossRef]

Eur. Phy. J. D

J. Mertz, "Molecular photodynamics involved in multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy," Eur. Phy. J. D 3, 53-66 (1998). [CrossRef]

IIb

P.-G. de Gennes, "A semi-fast artificial muscle," C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser.IIb 324, 343-348 (1997).

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

A. Buguin, M.-H. Li, P. Silberzan, B. Ladoux, and P. Keller, "Micro-actuators: when artificial muscles made of nematic crystal elastomer meet soft lithography," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 1088-1089 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Mater. Chem.

A. L. Elias, K. D. Harris, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, D. J. Broer, and M. J. Brett, "Photopatterned liquid crystalline polymers for microactuators," J. Mater. Chem. 16, 2903-2912 (2006). [CrossRef]

J. Photochem. Photobiol. A

K. J. Schafer, J. M. Hales, M. Balu, K. D. Belfield, E. W. Van Stryland and D. J. Hagan, "Two-photon absorption cross-sections of common photoinitiators," J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 162, 497-502 (2004). [CrossRef]

Macromolecules

D. L. Thomsen III, P. Keller, J. Naciri, R. Pink, H. Jeon, D. Shenoy and B. R. Ratna, "Liquid crystal elastomers with mechanical properties of a muscle," Macromolecules 34, 5868-5875 (2001). [CrossRef]

Opt. Lett.

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A

M.-H. Li and P. Keller, "Artificial muscles based on liquid crystal elastomers," Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 364, 2763-2777 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

K. D. Dorkenoo, F. Gillot, O. Crégut, Y. Sonnefraud, A. Fort and H. Leblond "Control of the refractive index in photopolymerizable materials for (2+1)D solitary wave guide formation," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 143905 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Ser. B

P.-G. de Gennes, "Réflexions sur un type de polymères nématiques," C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. B 281, 101-103 (1975).

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