Precise optical model of multi-chip white LEDs

doi:10.1364/OE.15.007572

Precise optical model of multi-chip white LEDs

Wei-Ting Chien, Ching-Cherng Sun, and Ivan Moreno »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 12, pp. 7572-7577 (2007)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.007572

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Abstract

A single-chip white light LED is commonly modeled by considering the phosphor coating as a homogeneous Lambertian light source. However, this approach leads to an incorrect optical simulation of phosphor-coated multi-chip LEDs due to the presence of a previously unreported spatial distribution of emission spots across the phosphor layer. We introduce “weighting” factors based on position-dependent light strength across the phosphor surface in order to improve the model accuracy. Following the modeling algorithm in the mid-field region, we have built up a precise and practical optical model by using Monte Carlo ray tracing and weighting factors. We measure the LED radiation distribution at several representative distances to test the model performance. In all cases, the accuracy is higher than 99.5% in normalized cross correlation between the simulated pattern and experimental measurement.

OCIS Codes
(230.3670) Optical devices : Light-emitting diodes
(350.4600) Other areas of optics : Optical engineering

ToC Category:
Optical Devices

History
Original Manuscript: April 16, 2007
Revised Manuscript: June 1, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: June 2, 2007
Published: June 5, 2007

Citation
Wei-Ting Chien, Ching-Cherng Sun, and Ivan Moreno, "Precise optical model of multi-chip white LEDs," Opt. Express 15, 7572-7577 (2007)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-12-7572

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References

D. A. Steigerwald, J. C. Bhat, D. Collins, R. M. Fletcher, M. O. Holcomb, M. J. Ludowise, P. S. Martin, and S. L. Rudaz, "Illumination with solid state lighting technology," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 8, 310 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. Nakamura, T. Mukai, and M. Senoh,"Candela-class high-brightness InGaN/AlGaN double-heterostructure blue-light-emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1687 (1994). [CrossRef]
M. S. Kaminski, K. J. Garcia, M. A. Stevenson, M. Frate, and R. J. Koshel, "Advanced Topics in Source Modeling," Proc. SPIE 4775, 46 (2002). [CrossRef]
H. Zerfhau-Dreihöfer, U. Haack, T. Weber, and D. Wendt, "Light source modeling for automotive lighting devices, "Proc. SPIE 4775, 58 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. Landau and J. Erion, "Car makers embrace LED signals," Nature Photon. 1, 31-32 (2007). [CrossRef]
C. C. Sun, T. X. Lee, S. H. Ma, Y. L. Lee, and S. M Huang, "Precise optical modeling for LED lighting verified by cross correlation in the midfield region," Opt. Lett. 31, 2193-2195 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Borbely and S. G. Johnson, "Performance of phosphor-coated light-emitting diode optics in ray-trace simulations," Opt. Eng. 44, 111308 (2005). [CrossRef]
M. Strojnik and G. Paez, "Radiometry," in Handbook of Optical Engineering, D. Malacara, B. Thompson, eds., (2001).
N. Narendran, Y. Gu, J. P. Freyssinier-Nova, Y. Zhu, "Extracting phosphor-scattered photons to improve white LED efficiency," Phys. Solid State 202, R60-R62 (2005). [CrossRef]
T. X. Lee, C. Y. Lin, S. H. Ma and C. C. Sun, "Analysis of position-dependent light extraction of GaN-based LEDs," Opt. Express 13, 4175-4179 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

S. Nakamura, T. Mukai, and M. Senoh,"Candela-class high-brightness InGaN/AlGaN double-heterostructure blue-light-emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1687 (1994). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron

D. A. Steigerwald, J. C. Bhat, D. Collins, R. M. Fletcher, M. O. Holcomb, M. J. Ludowise, P. S. Martin, and S. L. Rudaz, "Illumination with solid state lighting technology," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 8, 310 (2002). [CrossRef]

Nature Photon.

S. Landau and J. Erion, "Car makers embrace LED signals," Nature Photon. 1, 31-32 (2007). [CrossRef]

Opt. Eng.

A. Borbely and S. G. Johnson, "Performance of phosphor-coated light-emitting diode optics in ray-trace simulations," Opt. Eng. 44, 111308 (2005). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

T. X. Lee, C. Y. Lin, S. H. Ma and C. C. Sun, "Analysis of position-dependent light extraction of GaN-based LEDs," Opt. Express 13, 4175-4179 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

C. C. Sun, T. X. Lee, S. H. Ma, Y. L. Lee, and S. M Huang, "Precise optical modeling for LED lighting verified by cross correlation in the midfield region," Opt. Lett. 31, 2193-2195 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Solid State

N. Narendran, Y. Gu, J. P. Freyssinier-Nova, Y. Zhu, "Extracting phosphor-scattered photons to improve white LED efficiency," Phys. Solid State 202, R60-R62 (2005). [CrossRef]

Proc. SPIE

M. S. Kaminski, K. J. Garcia, M. A. Stevenson, M. Frate, and R. J. Koshel, "Advanced Topics in Source Modeling," Proc. SPIE 4775, 46 (2002). [CrossRef]
H. Zerfhau-Dreihöfer, U. Haack, T. Weber, and D. Wendt, "Light source modeling for automotive lighting devices, "Proc. SPIE 4775, 58 (2002). [CrossRef]

Other

M. Strojnik and G. Paez, "Radiometry," in Handbook of Optical Engineering, D. Malacara, B. Thompson, eds., (2001).

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