Femtosecond laser nanoaxotomy properties and their effect on axonal recovery in C. elegans

doi:10.1364/OE.15.008521

Femtosecond laser nanoaxotomy properties and their effect on axonal recovery in C. elegans

Frederic Bourgeois and Adela Ben-Yakar »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 14, pp. 8521-8531 (2007)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.008521

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Abstract

We present a study characterizing the properties of femtosecond laser nanosurgery applied to individual axons in live Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) using nano-Joule laser pulses at 1 kHz repetition rate. Emphasis is placed on the characterization of the damage threshold, the extent of damage, and the statistical rates of axonal recovery as a function of laser parameters. The ablation threshold decreases with increasing number of pulses applied during nanoaxotomy. This dependency suggests the existence of an incubation effect. In terms of extent of damage, the energy per pulse is found to be a more critical parameter than the number of pulses. Axonal recovery improves when surgery is performed using a large number of low energy pulses.

OCIS Codes
(140.7090) Lasers and laser optics : Ultrafast lasers
(170.1020) Medical optics and biotechnology : Ablation of tissue
(190.4180) Nonlinear optics : Multiphoton processes

ToC Category:
Medical Optics and Biotechnology

History
Original Manuscript: March 8, 2007
Revised Manuscript: May 14, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: June 5, 2007
Published: June 25, 2007

Virtual Issues
Vol. 2, Iss. 8 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics

Citation
Frederic Bourgeois and Adela Ben-Yakar, "Femtosecond laser nanoaxotomy properties and their effect on axonal recovery in C. elegans," Opt. Express 15, 8521-8531 (2007)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-14-8521

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References

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M. Kerschensteiner, M.E. Schwab, J.W. Lichtman and T. Misgeld, "In vivo imaging of axonal degereneration and regeneration in the injured spinal cord," Nature Med. 11(5), 572-577 (2005).
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W.B. Wood, S. Brenner, R.K. Herman, S.W. Emmons, J. White, J. Sulston, H.R. Horvitz, J. Kimble, S. Ward, J. Hodgkin, R.H. Waterston, M. Chalfie and D.L. Riddle, The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, (Cold Spring Harbor, 1988).
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K. König, W. Riemann and W. Fritzsche, "Nanodissection of human chromosomes with near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses," Opt. Lett. 26, 819-821 (2001). [CrossRef]
U.K. Tirlapur and K. König, "Targeted transfection by femtosecond laser," Nature 418, 290-291 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
N. Shen, D. Datta, C.B. Schaffer, P. LeDuc, D.E. Ingber and E. Mazur, "Ablation of cytoskeletal filaments and mitochondria in cells using a femtosecond laser nanocissor," Mech. Chem. Biosyst. 2, 17 (2005).
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J.G. White, F. Southgate, J.N. Thomson and S. Brenner, "The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans." Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London Series B. Bio.Scien. 314, 1-340 (1986). [CrossRef]
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B. Beirowski,R. Adalbert, D. Wagner, D.S. Grumme, K. Addicks, R.R. Ribchester and M.P. Coleman, "The progressive nature of Wallerian degeneration in wild-type and slow Wallerian degeneration (WldS) nerves," BMC Neurosci. 6 (6), (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Y. Lee, M.F. Becker and R.M. Walser, "Laser-induced damage on single-crystal metal surfaces." J. Opt. Soc. Am. B Vol. 5No.3, 648-659 (1988).

App. Phys.

H. Urey, "Spot size, depth of focus and diffraction ring intensity formulas for truncated Gaussian beams." App. Phys. 43 (3), 620-625 (2004).

App. Phys. B

A. Vogel, J. Noack, G. Hüttman and G. Paltauf, "Mechanisms of femtosecond laser nanosurgery of cells and tissues," App. Phys. B, 10.1007 (2005). [CrossRef]

Appl. Opt.

J.B. Guild, C. Xu and W.W. Webb, "Measurement of group delay dispersion of high numerical aperture objective lenses using two-photon excited fluorescence" Appl. Opt. 36 (1), 397-401 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. A

A. Rosenfeld, M. Lorenz, R. Stoian and D. Ashkenasi, "Ultrashort-laser-pulse damage threshold of transparent materials and the role of incubation." Appl. Phys. A 69 [Suppl.], S373-S376 (1999). [CrossRef]

BMC Neuro.

S.H. Chung, D.A. Clark, C.V. Gabel, E. Mazur and A.D.T. Samuel, "The role of the AFD neuron in C. elegans thermotaxis analyzed using femtosecond laser ablation," BMC Neuro. 7:30 (2006).

BMC Neurosci.

B. Beirowski,R. Adalbert, D. Wagner, D.S. Grumme, K. Addicks, R.R. Ribchester and M.P. Coleman, "The progressive nature of Wallerian degeneration in wild-type and slow Wallerian degeneration (WldS) nerves," BMC Neurosci. 6 (6), (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Brit. Med. Bull.

S. Brenner, "The genetics of behaviour," Brit. Med. Bull. 29, 269-271 (1973). [PubMed]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

F. Yanik, H. Cinar, N. Cinar, A. Chisholm, Y. Jin and A. Ben-Yakar, "Nerve regeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans after femtosecond laser axotomy," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12 (6) (2006).

J. Appl. Phys.

M.D. Perry, D.C. Stuart, P.S. Banks, M.D. Feit, V. Yanovsky and A.M. Rubenchik, "Ultrashort-pulse laser machining of dielectric materials," J. Appl. Phys. 85, 6803-6810 (1999). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

Y. Lee, M.F. Becker and R.M. Walser, "Laser-induced damage on single-crystal metal surfaces." J. Opt. Soc. Am. B Vol. 5No.3, 648-659 (1988).

Mech. Chem. Biosyst.

N. Shen, D. Datta, C.B. Schaffer, P. LeDuc, D.E. Ingber and E. Mazur, "Ablation of cytoskeletal filaments and mitochondria in cells using a femtosecond laser nanocissor," Mech. Chem. Biosyst. 2, 17 (2005).

Nature

M.F. Yanik, H. Cinar, H.N. Cinar, A.D. Chisholm, Y. Jin and A. Ben-Yakar, "Functional regeneration after laser axotomy," Nature 432, 882 (2004). [CrossRef]
U.K. Tirlapur and K. König, "Targeted transfection by femtosecond laser," Nature 418, 290-291 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P.J. Horner and F.H. Gage, "Regenerating the damaged central nervous system," Nature 407, 963-970 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Driscoll and M. Chalfie, "The mec-4 gene is a member of a family of Caenorhabditis elegans genes that can mutate to induce neuronal degeneration." Nature 349, 588-593 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nature Med.

M. Kerschensteiner, M.E. Schwab, J.W. Lichtman and T. Misgeld, "In vivo imaging of axonal degereneration and regeneration in the injured spinal cord," Nature Med. 11(5), 572-577 (2005).

Neuron

X. Huang, H.J. Cheng, M. Tessier-Lavigne, Y. Jin, "MAX-1, a novel PH/MyTH4/FERM domain cytoplasmic protein implicated in netrin-mediated axon repulsion" Neuron 34, 563-576 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

Opt. Lett.

K. König, W. Riemann and W. Fritzsche, "Nanodissection of human chromosomes with near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses," Opt. Lett. 26, 819-821 (2001). [CrossRef]

Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol.

A. Waller, "Experiments on the section of glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves of the frog and observations of the alternatives produced thereby in the structure of their primitive fibers," Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol. 140, 423 (1850). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

V. Venugopalan, A. GuerraIII, K. Hahen and A. Vogel, "Role of laser-induced plasma formation in pulse cellular microsurgery and micromanipulation," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 078103 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Prog. Brain. Res.

M. Chalfie, "The differentiation and function of the touch receptor neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans" Prog. Brain. Res. 105, 179-82 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Scien.

J.G. White, F. Southgate, J.N. Thomson and S. Brenner, "The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans." Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London Series B. Bio.Scien. 314, 1-340 (1986). [CrossRef]

Science

D.H. Bhatt, S.J. Otto, B. Depoister and J.R. Fetcho, "Cyclic AMP-induced repair of zebrafish spinal circuits," Science 305, 254-258 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

W.B. Wood, S. Brenner, R.K. Herman, S.W. Emmons, J. White, J. Sulston, H.R. Horvitz, J. Kimble, S. Ward, J. Hodgkin, R.H. Waterston, M. Chalfie and D.L. Riddle, The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, (Cold Spring Harbor, 1988).

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