Analyses of cladding modes in photonic crystal fiber

doi:10.1364/OE.15.015154

Analyses of cladding modes in photonic crystal fiber

Hyun Chul Park, In Kag Hwang, Dong Il Yeom, and Byoung Yoon Kim »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 23, pp. 15154-15160 (2007)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.015154

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Abstract
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References (14)
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Abstract

Characteristics of cladding modes in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) are numerically analyzed using the plane wave expansion method. The presence of the outer silica ring in the PCF tends to push the optical fields of the cladding modes toward the rim of the PCF, which creates ‘ring modes’ whose fields are tightly confined in the outer ring. The dispersion of the cladding modes are determined mainly by the dispersive property of the holey cladding structure. The optical field patterns of the cladding modes and the beatlengths between the fundamental mode and the cladding modes are also investigated.

OCIS Codes
(230.2285) Optical devices : Fiber devices and optical amplifiers
(060.5295) Fiber optics and optical communications : Photonic crystal fibers

ToC Category:
Photonic Crystal Fibers

History
Original Manuscript: September 10, 2007
Revised Manuscript: October 12, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: October 12, 2007
Published: October 31, 2007

Citation
Hyun Chul Park, In Kag Hwang, Dong Il Yeom, and Byoung Yoon Kim, "Analyses of cladding modes in photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Express 15, 15154-15160 (2007)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-23-15154

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References

T. A. Birks, J. C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, "Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Lett. 22, 961-963 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, A. Ortigosa-Branch, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, "Anomalous dispersion in photonic crystal fiber," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 807-809 (2000). [CrossRef]
K. Suzuki, H. Kubota, M. Tanaka, M. Fujita, and S. Kawanishi, "Optical properties of a low-loss polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Express 9, 676-680 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Kakarantzas, T. A. Birks, and P. S. J. Russell, "Structural long-period gratings in photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Lett. 27, 1013-1015 (2002). [CrossRef]
A. Diez, T. A. Birks, W. H. Reeves, B. J. Mangan, and P. S. J. Russell, "Excitation of cladding modes in photonic crystal fibers by flexural acoustic waves," Opt. Lett. 25, 1499-1501 (2000). [CrossRef]
H. S. Kim, S. H. Yun, H. K. Kim, N. Park, and B. Y. Kim, "Actively gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifier over 35 nm by using all fiber acoustooptic tunable filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 790-792 (1998). [CrossRef]
S. H. Lee, K. Y. Song, and B. Y. Kim, "Fused bitapered single-mode fiber directional coupler for core and cladding mode coupling," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 2631-2633 (2005). [CrossRef]
S. G. Johnson and J. D. Joannopoulos, "Block-iterative frequency-domain methods for Maxwell’s equations in a planewave basis," Opt. Express 8, 173-190 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. D. Joannopoulos, R. D. Meade, and J. N. Winn, Photonic crystals (Princeton University Press, 1995).
I. K. Hwang, Y. J. Lee, and Y. H. Lee, "Birefringence induced by irregular structure in photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Express 11, 2799-2806 (Nov, 2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. F. Mclsaac, "Symmetry-induced modal characteristics of uniform waveguides. I. Summary of results," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-23, 421-429 (1975). [CrossRef]
R. Guobin, W. Zhi, L. Shuqin, and J. Shuisheng, "Mode classification and degeneracy in photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Express 11, 1310-1321 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, and P. St. J. Russell, "Properties of photonic crystal fiber and the effective index model," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 748-752 (2003). [CrossRef]
M. W. Haakestad and H. E. Engan, "Acoustooptic properties of a weakly multimode solid core photonic crystal fiber," J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 838-845 (2006). [CrossRef]

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[1] T. A. Birks, J. C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, "Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Lett. 22, 961-963 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, A. Ortigosa-Branch, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, "Anomalous dispersion in photonic crystal fiber," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 807-809 (2000). [CrossRef]

[3] K. Suzuki, H. Kubota, M. Tanaka, M. Fujita, and S. Kawanishi, "Optical properties of a low-loss polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Express 9, 676-680 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] G. Kakarantzas, T. A. Birks, and P. S. J. Russell, "Structural long-period gratings in photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Lett. 27, 1013-1015 (2002). [CrossRef]

[5] A. Diez, T. A. Birks, W. H. Reeves, B. J. Mangan, and P. S. J. Russell, "Excitation of cladding modes in photonic crystal fibers by flexural acoustic waves," Opt. Lett. 25, 1499-1501 (2000). [CrossRef]

[6] H. S. Kim, S. H. Yun, H. K. Kim, N. Park, and B. Y. Kim, "Actively gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifier over 35 nm by using all fiber acoustooptic tunable filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 790-792 (1998). [CrossRef]

[7] S. H. Lee, K. Y. Song, and B. Y. Kim, "Fused bitapered single-mode fiber directional coupler for core and cladding mode coupling," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 2631-2633 (2005). [CrossRef]

[8] S. G. Johnson and J. D. Joannopoulos, "Block-iterative frequency-domain methods for Maxwell’s equations in a planewave basis," Opt. Express 8, 173-190 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] J. D. Joannopoulos, R. D. Meade, and J. N. Winn, Photonic crystals (Princeton University Press, 1995).

[10] I. K. Hwang, Y. J. Lee, and Y. H. Lee, "Birefringence induced by irregular structure in photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Express 11, 2799-2806 (Nov, 2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] P. F. Mclsaac, "Symmetry-induced modal characteristics of uniform waveguides. I. Summary of results," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-23, 421-429 (1975). [CrossRef]

[12] R. Guobin, W. Zhi, L. Shuqin, and J. Shuisheng, "Mode classification and degeneracy in photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Express 11, 1310-1321 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, and P. St. J. Russell, "Properties of photonic crystal fiber and the effective index model," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 748-752 (2003). [CrossRef]

[14] M. W. Haakestad and H. E. Engan, "Acoustooptic properties of a weakly multimode solid core photonic crystal fiber," J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 838-845 (2006). [CrossRef]

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Analyses of cladding modes in photonic crystal fiber