One of the main limitations of integral imaging is the narrow viewing angle. This drawback comes from the limited field of view of microlenses during the pickup and display. We propose a novel all-optical technique which allows the substantial increase of the field of view of any microlens and therefore of the viewing angle of integral-imaging displays.

© 2007 Optical Society of America

1. R. Smith, A Complete System of Optics in Four Books, viz. A popular, a mathematical, a mechanical, and a philosophical treatise. To which are added remarks upon the whole. Vol. 2 (Cambridge, 1738).
2. W. Porterfield, A Treatise on the Eye, the Manner and Phaenomena of Vision. (Edinburgh: Hamilton and Balfour, 1759).
3. C. Wheatstone: "On some remarkable, and hitherto unobserved, phenomena of binocular vision," Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London,  128, 371-394 (1838). [CrossRef]
4. G. Lippmann, "Epreuves reversibles donnant la sensation du relief," J. Phys. (Paris) 7, 821-825 (1908).
5. H. E. Ives, "Optical properties of a Lippmann lenticulated sheet," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 21, 171-176 (1931). [CrossRef]
6. C. B. Burckhardt, "Optimum parameters and resolution limitation of integral photography," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 71-76 (1968). [CrossRef]
7. T. Okoshi, "Optimum design and depth resolution of lens-sheet and projection-type three-dimensional displays," Appl. Opt. 10, 2284-2291 (1971). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. L. Yang, M. McCornicky N. Davies, "Discussion of the optics of a new 3-D imaging system," Appl. Opt. 27, 4529-4534 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. F. Okano, H. Hoshino, J. Arai, and I. Yayuma, "Real time pickup method for a three-dimensional image based on integral photography," Appl. Opt. 36, 1598-1603 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. J. Arai, F. Okano, H. Hoshino, and I. Yuyama, "Gradient-index lens-array method based on real-time integral photography for three-dimensional images," Appl. Opt. 37,2034-2045 (1998). [CrossRef]
11. B. Javidi and F. Okano eds, Three Dimensional Television, Video, and Display Technologies, Springer Verlag Berlin, 2002
12. M. Martínez-Corral, B. Javidi, R. Martínez-Cuenca and G. Saavedra, "Integral imaging with improved depth of field by use of amplitude-modulated microlens array," Appl. Opt. 43, 5806-5813 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. R. Martínez-Cuenca, G. Saavedra, M. Martínez-Corral and B. Javidi, "Enhanced depth of field integral imaging with sensor resolution constraints," Opt. Express 12, 5237-5242 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. R. Martínez-Cuenca, G. Saavedra, A. Pons, B. Javidi and M. Martínez-Corral, "Facet braiding: a fundamental problem in Integral Imaging," Opt. Lett. 32, 1078-1080 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. A. Castro, Y. Frauel, and B. Javidi, "Integral imaging with large depth of field using an asymmetric phase mask," Opt. Express 15, 10266-10273 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. M. Martínez-Corral, B. Javidi, R. Martínez-Cuenca and G. Saavedra, "Formation of real, orthoscopic integral images by smart pixel mapping." Opt. Express 13, 9175-9180 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. J.-S Jang. and B. Javidi, "Improved viewing resolution of three-dimensional integral imaging by use of nonstationary micro-optics," Opt. Lett. 27, 324-326 (2002). [CrossRef]
18. M. Martínez-Corral, B. Javidi, R. Martínez-Cuenca and G. Saavedra, "Multifacet structure of observed reconstructed integral images," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22, 597-603 (2005). [CrossRef]
19. J.-H. Park, H.-R. Kim, Y. Kim, J. Kim, J. Hong, S.-D. Lee, and B. Lee, "Depth-enhanced three-dimensional two-dimensional convertible display based on modified integral imaging," Opt. Lett. 29, 2734-2736 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. H. Liao, M. Iwahara, H. Nobuhiko and T. Dohi, "High-quality integral videography using a multiprojector," Opt. Express 12, 1067-1076 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
21. H. Choi, S.-W. Min, S. Yung, J.-H. Park and B. Lee, "Multiple viewing zone integral imaging using dynamic barrier array for three-dimensional displays," Opt. Express 11, 927-932 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. J.-H. Park, S. Jung, H. Choi, and B. Lee, "Viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging by elemental image resizing and elemental lens switching," Appl. Opt. 41, 6875-6883 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. J. S. Jang and B. Javidi, "Depth and size control of three-dimensional images in projection integral imaging," Opt. Express 12, 3778-3790 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. Y. Kim, J.-H. Park, S.-W. Min, S. Jung, H. Choi, and B. Lee, "Wide-viewing-angle integral three-dimensional imaging system by curving a screen and a lens array," Appl. Opt. 44, 546-552 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. J. Arai, M. Okui, T. Yamashita, and F. Okano, "Integral three-dimensional television using a 2000-scanning-line video system," Appl. Opt. 45, 1704-1712 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
26. A. Stern and B. Javidi, "3D computational synthetic aperture integral imaging (COMPSAII)," Opt. Express 11, 2466-2451 (2003). [CrossRef]
27. A. Stern and B. Javidi, "Three-dimensional sensing, visualization and processing using integral imaging," Proc. IEEE 94, 591-607 (2006). [CrossRef]
28. F. Okano, J. Arai and M. Okui, "Amplified optical window for three-dimensional images," Opt. Lett. 31, 1842-1844 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
29. R. Martínez-Cuenca, A. Pons, G. Saavedra, M. Martínez-Corral and B. Javidi, "Optically-corrected elemental images for undistorted integral image display," Opt. Express 14, 9657-9663 (2006) [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Opt.

• T. Okoshi, "Optimum design and depth resolution of lens-sheet and projection-type three-dimensional displays," Appl. Opt. 10, 2284-2291 (1971). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• L. Yang, M. McCornicky N. Davies, "Discussion of the optics of a new 3-D imaging system," Appl. Opt. 27, 4529-4534 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• F. Okano, H. Hoshino, J. Arai, and I. Yayuma, "Real time pickup method for a three-dimensional image based on integral photography," Appl. Opt. 36, 1598-1603 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Arai, F. Okano, H. Hoshino, and I. Yuyama, "Gradient-index lens-array method based on real-time integral photography for three-dimensional images," Appl. Opt. 37,2034-2045 (1998). [CrossRef]
• M. Martínez-Corral, B. Javidi, R. Martínez-Cuenca and G. Saavedra, "Integral imaging with improved depth of field by use of amplitude-modulated microlens array," Appl. Opt. 43, 5806-5813 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J.-H. Park, S. Jung, H. Choi, and B. Lee, "Viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging by elemental image resizing and elemental lens switching," Appl. Opt. 41, 6875-6883 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• Y. Kim, J.-H. Park, S.-W. Min, S. Jung, H. Choi, and B. Lee, "Wide-viewing-angle integral three-dimensional imaging system by curving a screen and a lens array," Appl. Opt. 44, 546-552 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Arai, M. Okui, T. Yamashita, and F. Okano, "Integral three-dimensional television using a 2000-scanning-line video system," Appl. Opt. 45, 1704-1712 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Opt. Soc. Am.

• H. E. Ives, "Optical properties of a Lippmann lenticulated sheet," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 21, 171-176 (1931). [CrossRef]
• C. B. Burckhardt, "Optimum parameters and resolution limitation of integral photography," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 71-76 (1968). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

• M. Martínez-Corral, B. Javidi, R. Martínez-Cuenca and G. Saavedra, "Multifacet structure of observed reconstructed integral images," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22, 597-603 (2005). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. (Paris)

• G. Lippmann, "Epreuves reversibles donnant la sensation du relief," J. Phys. (Paris) 7, 821-825 (1908).

Opt. Express

• A. Castro, Y. Frauel, and B. Javidi, "Integral imaging with large depth of field using an asymmetric phase mask," Opt. Express 15, 10266-10273 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. Martínez-Corral, B. Javidi, R. Martínez-Cuenca and G. Saavedra, "Formation of real, orthoscopic integral images by smart pixel mapping." Opt. Express 13, 9175-9180 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• R. Martínez-Cuenca, G. Saavedra, M. Martínez-Corral and B. Javidi, "Enhanced depth of field integral imaging with sensor resolution constraints," Opt. Express 12, 5237-5242 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• A. Stern and B. Javidi, "3D computational synthetic aperture integral imaging (COMPSAII)," Opt. Express 11, 2466-2451 (2003). [CrossRef]
• J. S. Jang and B. Javidi, "Depth and size control of three-dimensional images in projection integral imaging," Opt. Express 12, 3778-3790 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• H. Liao, M. Iwahara, H. Nobuhiko and T. Dohi, "High-quality integral videography using a multiprojector," Opt. Express 12, 1067-1076 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• H. Choi, S.-W. Min, S. Yung, J.-H. Park and B. Lee, "Multiple viewing zone integral imaging using dynamic barrier array for three-dimensional displays," Opt. Express 11, 927-932 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• R. Martínez-Cuenca, A. Pons, G. Saavedra, M. Martínez-Corral and B. Javidi, "Optically-corrected elemental images for undistorted integral image display," Opt. Express 14, 9657-9663 (2006) [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• F. Okano, J. Arai and M. Okui, "Amplified optical window for three-dimensional images," Opt. Lett. 31, 1842-1844 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• R. Martínez-Cuenca, G. Saavedra, A. Pons, B. Javidi and M. Martínez-Corral, "Facet braiding: a fundamental problem in Integral Imaging," Opt. Lett. 32, 1078-1080 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J.-S Jang. and B. Javidi, "Improved viewing resolution of three-dimensional integral imaging by use of nonstationary micro-optics," Opt. Lett. 27, 324-326 (2002). [CrossRef]
• J.-H. Park, H.-R. Kim, Y. Kim, J. Kim, J. Hong, S.-D. Lee, and B. Lee, "Depth-enhanced three-dimensional two-dimensional convertible display based on modified integral imaging," Opt. Lett. 29, 2734-2736 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London

• C. Wheatstone: "On some remarkable, and hitherto unobserved, phenomena of binocular vision," Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London,  128, 371-394 (1838). [CrossRef]

Proc. IEEE

• A. Stern and B. Javidi, "Three-dimensional sensing, visualization and processing using integral imaging," Proc. IEEE 94, 591-607 (2006). [CrossRef]

Other

• R. Smith, A Complete System of Optics in Four Books, viz. A popular, a mathematical, a mechanical, and a philosophical treatise. To which are added remarks upon the whole. Vol. 2 (Cambridge, 1738).
• W. Porterfield, A Treatise on the Eye, the Manner and Phaenomena of Vision. (Edinburgh: Hamilton and Balfour, 1759).
• B. Javidi and F. Okano eds, Three Dimensional Television, Video, and Display Technologies, Springer Verlag Berlin, 2002

2007, , Opt. Lett.
2007, , Opt. Express
2006, , Appl. Opt.
2006, , Proc. IEEE
2006, , Opt. Lett.
2006, , Opt. Express
2005, , Appl. Opt.
2005, , Opt. Express
2005, , J. Opt. Soc. Am. A
2004, , Opt. Lett.
2004, , Opt. Express
2004, , Opt. Express
2004, , Appl. Opt.
2004, , Opt. Express
2003, , Opt. Express
2003, , Opt. Express
2002, , Appl. Opt.
2002, , Opt. Lett.
1998, , Appl. Opt.
1997, , Appl. Opt.
1988, , Appl. Opt.
1971, , Appl. Opt.
1968, , J. Opt. Soc. Am.
1931, , J. Opt. Soc. Am.
1908, , J. Phys. (Paris)
1838, , Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London

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