Optics InfoBase > Optics Express > Volume 15 > Issue 5 > Page 2445
Two-axis MEMS Scanning Catheter for Ultrahigh Resolution Three-dimensional and En Face Imaging
Aaron D. Aguirre, Paul R. Hertz, Yu Chen, James G. Fujimoto, Wibool Piyawattanametha, Li Fan, and Ming C. Wu »View Author Affiliations
1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA jgfuji@mit.edu
2Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Integrated Photonics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 5, pp. 2445-2453 (2007)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.002445
View Full Text Article
Enhanced HTML
Acrobat PDF (3143 KB)
Abstract
Ultrahigh resolution two and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging was performed using a miniaturized, two-axis scanning catheter based upon microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror technology. The catheter incorporated a custom-designed and fabricated, 1-mm diameter MEMS mirror driven by angular vertical comb (AVC) actuators on both an inner mirror axis and an outer, orthogonal gimbal axis. Using a differential drive scheme, a linearized position response over +/- 6 degrees mechanical angle was achieved. The flexible, fiber-optic catheter device measured < 5 mm in outer diameter with a rigid length of ∼ 2.5 cm at the distal end. In vivo and ex vivo images are presented with < 4 μm axial and ∼ 12 μm transverse resolution in tissue.
© 2007 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(110.6880) Imaging systems : Three-dimensional image acquisition
(120.5800) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Scanners
(170.2150) Medical optics and biotechnology : Endoscopic imaging
(170.4500) Medical optics and biotechnology : Optical coherence tomography
(350.3950) Other areas of optics : Micro-optics
ToC Category:
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
History
Original Manuscript: November 20, 2006
Revised Manuscript: February 12, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: February 14, 2007
Published: March 5, 2007
Virtual Issues
Vol. 2, Iss. 4 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Aaron D. Aguirre, Paul R. Hertz, Yu Chen, James G. Fujimoto, Wibool Piyawattanametha, Li Fan, and Ming C. Wu, "Two-axis MEMS Scanning Catheter for Ultrahigh Resolution Three-dimensional and En Face Imaging," Opt. Express 15, 2445-2453 (2007)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-5-2445
Sort: Author | Year | Journal | Reset
References
- G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. E. Brezinski, N. J. Weissman, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21, 543-545 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography," Science 276, 2037-2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "High-resolution imaging of the human esophagus and stomach in vivo using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 467-474 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120, 7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Leitgeb, C. K. Hitzenberger, and A. F. Fercher, "Performance of Fourier domain vs. time domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 11, 889-894 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Choma, M. V. Sarunic, C. H. Yang, and J. A. Izatt, "Sensitivity advantage of swept source and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 11, 2183-2189 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. F. de Boer, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, G. J. Tearney, and B. E. Bouma, "Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 28, 2067-2069 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, J. F. de Boer, N. Iftimia, and B. E. Bouma, "High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging," Opt. Express 11, 2953-2963 (2003), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, S. H. Yun, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12, 367-376 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Leitgeb, W. Drexler, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, T. Bajraszewski, T. Le, A. Stingl, and A. F. Fercher, "Ultrahigh resolution Fourier domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 12, 2156-2165 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Choma, K. Hsu, and J. A. Izatt, "Swept source optical coherence tomography using an all-fiber 1300-nm ring laser source," J. Biomed. Opt. 10, 44009 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J. S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J. S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112, 1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, J. G. Fujimoto, J. Y. Jiang, and A. E. Cable, "Three-dimensional and C-mode OCT imaging with a compact, frequency swept laser source at 1300 nm," Opt. Express 13, 10523-10538 (2005), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML): A new laser operating regime and applications for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 14, 3225-3237 (2006), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. D. Aguirre, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, I. Hartl, and J. G. Fujimoto, "High-resolution optical coherence microscopy for high-speed, in vivo cellular imaging," Opt. Lett. 28, 2064-2066 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, C. Pitris, G. J. Tearney, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, "Forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 22, 1618-1620 (1997). [CrossRef]
- F. Helmchen, M. S. Fee, D. W. Tank, and W. Denk, "A miniature head-mounted two-photon microscope: High-resolution brain imaging in freely moving animals," Neuron 31, 903-912 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Seibel and Q. Y. J. Smithwick, "Unique features of optical scanning, single fiber endoscopy," Lasers Surg. Med. 30, 177-183 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Liu, M. J. Cobb, Y. Chen, M. B. Kimmey, and X. Li, "Rapid-scanning forward-imaging miniature endoscope for real-time optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 29, 1763-1765 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Polglase, W. J. McLaren, S. A. Skinner, R. Kiesslich, M. F. Neurath, and P. M. Delaney, "A fluorescence confocal endomicroscope for in vivo microscopy of the upper- and the lower-GI tract," Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 686-695 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. L. Dickensheets and G. S. Kino, "Silicon-micromachined scanning confocal optical microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 7, 38-47 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
- W. Piyawattanametha, P. R. Patterson, G. D. J. Su, H. Toshiyoshi, and M. C. Wu, "A MEMS non-interferometric differential confocal scanning optical microscope," presented at Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators Transducers '01/Eurosensors XV, Munich, Germany, 2001.
- W. Piyawattanametha, J. T. C. Liu, M. J. Mandella, H. Ra, L. K. Wong, P. Hsiung, T. D. Wang, G. S. Kino, and O. Solgaard, "MEMS Based Dual-axes Confocal Reflectance Handheld Microscope for In Vivo Imaging," presented at IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS, 2006.
- Y. Pan, H. Xie, and G. K. Fedder, "Endoscopic optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Lett. 26, 1966-1968 (2001). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Zara, S. Yazdanfar, K. D. Rao, J. A. Izatt, and S. W. Smith, "Electrostatic micromachine scanning mirror for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett 28, 628-630 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Jain, A. Kopa, Y. T. Pan, G. K. Fedder, and H. K. Xie, "A two-axis electrothermal micromirror for endoscopic optical coherence tomography," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 10, 636-642 (2004). [CrossRef]
- B. Qi, A. P. Himmer, L. M. Gordon, X. D. V. Yang, L. D. Dickensheets, and I. A. Vitkin, "Dynamic focus control in high-speed optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Commun. 232, 123-128 (2004). [CrossRef]
- W. Piyawattanametha, L. Fan, S. Hsu, M. Fujino, M. C. Wu, P. R. Herz, A. D. Aguirre, Y. Chen, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Two-dimensional endoscopic MEMS scanner for high resolution optical coherence tomography," presented at Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), San Francisco, CA, USA, 2004.
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A 117, 331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- W. G. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. P. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11, 806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
- W. Jung, D. T. McCormick, J. Zhang, L. Wang, N. C. Tien, and Z. P. Chen, "Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 163910 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. R. Patterson, D. Hah, H. Nguyen, H. Toshiyoshi, R.-m. Chao, and M. C. Wu, "A scanning micromirror with angular comb drive actuation," presented at Fifteenth IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 20-24 Jan. 2002, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2002.
- S. Bourquin, A. D. Aguirre, I. Hartl, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, J. G. Fujimoto, T. A. Birks, W. J. Wadsworth, U. Bunting, and D. Kopf, "Ultrahigh resolution real time OCT imaging using a compact femtosecond Nd : Glass laser and nonlinear fiber," Opt. Express 11, 3290-3297 (2003) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. D. Aguirre, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, I. Hartl, and J. G. Fujimoto, "High-resolution optical coherence microscopy for high-speed, in vivo cellular imaging," Opt. Lett. 28, 2064-2066 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bourquin, A. D. Aguirre, I. Hartl, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, J. G. Fujimoto, T. A. Birks, W. J. Wadsworth, U. Bunting, and D. Kopf, "Ultrahigh resolution real time OCT imaging using a compact femtosecond Nd : Glass laser and nonlinear fiber," Opt. Express 11, 3290-3297 (2003) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography," Science 276, 2037-2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, C. Pitris, G. J. Tearney, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, "Forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 22, 1618-1620 (1997). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. E. Brezinski, N. J. Weissman, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21, 543-545 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, S. H. Yun, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12, 367-376 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, J. F. de Boer, N. Iftimia, and B. E. Bouma, "High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging," Opt. Express 11, 2953-2963 (2003), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. F. de Boer, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, G. J. Tearney, and B. E. Bouma, "Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 28, 2067-2069 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120, 7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "High-resolution imaging of the human esophagus and stomach in vivo using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 467-474 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography," Science 276, 2037-2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, C. Pitris, G. J. Tearney, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, "Forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 22, 1618-1620 (1997). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. E. Brezinski, N. J. Weissman, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21, 543-545 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120, 7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography," Science 276, 2037-2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, C. Pitris, G. J. Tearney, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, "Forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 22, 1618-1620 (1997). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. E. Brezinski, N. J. Weissman, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21, 543-545 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, S. H. Yun, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12, 367-376 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. F. de Boer, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, G. J. Tearney, and B. E. Bouma, "Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 28, 2067-2069 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A 117, 331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Jung, D. T. McCormick, J. Zhang, L. Wang, N. C. Tien, and Z. P. Chen, "Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 163910 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. G. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. P. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11, 806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Choma, K. Hsu, and J. A. Izatt, "Swept source optical coherence tomography using an all-fiber 1300-nm ring laser source," J. Biomed. Opt. 10, 44009 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Choma, M. V. Sarunic, C. H. Yang, and J. A. Izatt, "Sensitivity advantage of swept source and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 11, 2183-2189 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120, 7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "High-resolution imaging of the human esophagus and stomach in vivo using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 467-474 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, S. H. Yun, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12, 367-376 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. F. de Boer, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, G. J. Tearney, and B. E. Bouma, "Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 28, 2067-2069 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, J. F. de Boer, N. Iftimia, and B. E. Bouma, "High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging," Opt. Express 11, 2953-2963 (2003), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Polglase, W. J. McLaren, S. A. Skinner, R. Kiesslich, M. F. Neurath, and P. M. Delaney, "A fluorescence confocal endomicroscope for in vivo microscopy of the upper- and the lower-GI tract," Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 686-695 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Helmchen, M. S. Fee, D. W. Tank, and W. Denk, "A miniature head-mounted two-photon microscope: High-resolution brain imaging in freely moving animals," Neuron 31, 903-912 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. L. Dickensheets and G. S. Kino, "Silicon-micromachined scanning confocal optical microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 7, 38-47 (1998). [CrossRef]
- B. Qi, A. P. Himmer, L. M. Gordon, X. D. V. Yang, L. D. Dickensheets, and I. A. Vitkin, "Dynamic focus control in high-speed optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Commun. 232, 123-128 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Leitgeb, W. Drexler, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, T. Bajraszewski, T. Le, A. Stingl, and A. F. Fercher, "Ultrahigh resolution Fourier domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 12, 2156-2165 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J. S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J. S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112, 1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Jain, A. Kopa, Y. T. Pan, G. K. Fedder, and H. K. Xie, "A two-axis electrothermal micromirror for endoscopic optical coherence tomography," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 10, 636-642 (2004). [CrossRef]
- Y. Pan, H. Xie, and G. K. Fedder, "Endoscopic optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Lett. 26, 1966-1968 (2001). [CrossRef]
- F. Helmchen, M. S. Fee, D. W. Tank, and W. Denk, "A miniature head-mounted two-photon microscope: High-resolution brain imaging in freely moving animals," Neuron 31, 903-912 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Leitgeb, W. Drexler, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, T. Bajraszewski, T. Le, A. Stingl, and A. F. Fercher, "Ultrahigh resolution Fourier domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 12, 2156-2165 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Leitgeb, C. K. Hitzenberger, and A. F. Fercher, "Performance of Fourier domain vs. time domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 11, 889-894 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML): A new laser operating regime and applications for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 14, 3225-3237 (2006), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, J. G. Fujimoto, J. Y. Jiang, and A. E. Cable, "Three-dimensional and C-mode OCT imaging with a compact, frequency swept laser source at 1300 nm," Opt. Express 13, 10523-10538 (2005), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J. S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J. S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112, 1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. D. Aguirre, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, I. Hartl, and J. G. Fujimoto, "High-resolution optical coherence microscopy for high-speed, in vivo cellular imaging," Opt. Lett. 28, 2064-2066 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bourquin, A. D. Aguirre, I. Hartl, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, J. G. Fujimoto, T. A. Birks, W. J. Wadsworth, U. Bunting, and D. Kopf, "Ultrahigh resolution real time OCT imaging using a compact femtosecond Nd : Glass laser and nonlinear fiber," Opt. Express 11, 3290-3297 (2003) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography," Science 276, 2037-2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, C. Pitris, G. J. Tearney, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, "Forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 22, 1618-1620 (1997). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. E. Brezinski, N. J. Weissman, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21, 543-545 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A 117, 331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. Qi, A. P. Himmer, L. M. Gordon, X. D. V. Yang, L. D. Dickensheets, and I. A. Vitkin, "Dynamic focus control in high-speed optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Commun. 232, 123-128 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A 117, 331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. Bourquin, A. D. Aguirre, I. Hartl, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, J. G. Fujimoto, T. A. Birks, W. J. Wadsworth, U. Bunting, and D. Kopf, "Ultrahigh resolution real time OCT imaging using a compact femtosecond Nd : Glass laser and nonlinear fiber," Opt. Express 11, 3290-3297 (2003) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. D. Aguirre, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, I. Hartl, and J. G. Fujimoto, "High-resolution optical coherence microscopy for high-speed, in vivo cellular imaging," Opt. Lett. 28, 2064-2066 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Helmchen, M. S. Fee, D. W. Tank, and W. Denk, "A miniature head-mounted two-photon microscope: High-resolution brain imaging in freely moving animals," Neuron 31, 903-912 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Qi, A. P. Himmer, L. M. Gordon, X. D. V. Yang, L. D. Dickensheets, and I. A. Vitkin, "Dynamic focus control in high-speed optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Commun. 232, 123-128 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Aguirre, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, I. Hartl, and J. G. Fujimoto, "High-resolution optical coherence microscopy for high-speed, in vivo cellular imaging," Opt. Lett. 28, 2064-2066 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bourquin, A. D. Aguirre, I. Hartl, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, J. G. Fujimoto, T. A. Birks, W. J. Wadsworth, U. Bunting, and D. Kopf, "Ultrahigh resolution real time OCT imaging using a compact femtosecond Nd : Glass laser and nonlinear fiber," Opt. Express 11, 3290-3297 (2003) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Choma, K. Hsu, and J. A. Izatt, "Swept source optical coherence tomography using an all-fiber 1300-nm ring laser source," J. Biomed. Opt. 10, 44009 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML): A new laser operating regime and applications for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 14, 3225-3237 (2006), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, J. G. Fujimoto, J. Y. Jiang, and A. E. Cable, "Three-dimensional and C-mode OCT imaging with a compact, frequency swept laser source at 1300 nm," Opt. Express 13, 10523-10538 (2005), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Choma, K. Hsu, and J. A. Izatt, "Swept source optical coherence tomography using an all-fiber 1300-nm ring laser source," J. Biomed. Opt. 10, 44009 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Choma, M. V. Sarunic, C. H. Yang, and J. A. Izatt, "Sensitivity advantage of swept source and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 11, 2183-2189 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Zara, S. Yazdanfar, K. D. Rao, J. A. Izatt, and S. W. Smith, "Electrostatic micromachine scanning mirror for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett 28, 628-630 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Jain, A. Kopa, Y. T. Pan, G. K. Fedder, and H. K. Xie, "A two-axis electrothermal micromirror for endoscopic optical coherence tomography," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 10, 636-642 (2004). [CrossRef]
- W. Jung, D. T. McCormick, J. Zhang, L. Wang, N. C. Tien, and Z. P. Chen, "Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 163910 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. G. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. P. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11, 806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Polglase, W. J. McLaren, S. A. Skinner, R. Kiesslich, M. F. Neurath, and P. M. Delaney, "A fluorescence confocal endomicroscope for in vivo microscopy of the upper- and the lower-GI tract," Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 686-695 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. L. Dickensheets and G. S. Kino, "Silicon-micromachined scanning confocal optical microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 7, 38-47 (1998). [CrossRef]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J. S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J. S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112, 1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. D. Aguirre, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, I. Hartl, and J. G. Fujimoto, "High-resolution optical coherence microscopy for high-speed, in vivo cellular imaging," Opt. Lett. 28, 2064-2066 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bourquin, A. D. Aguirre, I. Hartl, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, J. G. Fujimoto, T. A. Birks, W. J. Wadsworth, U. Bunting, and D. Kopf, "Ultrahigh resolution real time OCT imaging using a compact femtosecond Nd : Glass laser and nonlinear fiber," Opt. Express 11, 3290-3297 (2003) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Jain, A. Kopa, Y. T. Pan, G. K. Fedder, and H. K. Xie, "A two-axis electrothermal micromirror for endoscopic optical coherence tomography," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 10, 636-642 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J. S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J. S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112, 1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
- W. Jung, D. T. McCormick, J. Zhang, L. Wang, N. C. Tien, and Z. P. Chen, "Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 163910 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. G. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. P. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11, 806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Polglase, W. J. McLaren, S. A. Skinner, R. Kiesslich, M. F. Neurath, and P. M. Delaney, "A fluorescence confocal endomicroscope for in vivo microscopy of the upper- and the lower-GI tract," Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 686-695 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Polglase, W. J. McLaren, S. A. Skinner, R. Kiesslich, M. F. Neurath, and P. M. Delaney, "A fluorescence confocal endomicroscope for in vivo microscopy of the upper- and the lower-GI tract," Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 686-695 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120, 7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "High-resolution imaging of the human esophagus and stomach in vivo using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 467-474 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Jain, A. Kopa, Y. T. Pan, G. K. Fedder, and H. K. Xie, "A two-axis electrothermal micromirror for endoscopic optical coherence tomography," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 10, 636-642 (2004). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, S. H. Yun, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12, 367-376 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. F. de Boer, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, G. J. Tearney, and B. E. Bouma, "Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 28, 2067-2069 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, S. H. Yun, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12, 367-376 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. F. de Boer, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, G. J. Tearney, and B. E. Bouma, "Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 28, 2067-2069 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography," Science 276, 2037-2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, C. Pitris, G. J. Tearney, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, "Forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 22, 1618-1620 (1997). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Polglase, W. J. McLaren, S. A. Skinner, R. Kiesslich, M. F. Neurath, and P. M. Delaney, "A fluorescence confocal endomicroscope for in vivo microscopy of the upper- and the lower-GI tract," Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 686-695 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120, 7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A 117, 331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. Qi, A. P. Himmer, L. M. Gordon, X. D. V. Yang, L. D. Dickensheets, and I. A. Vitkin, "Dynamic focus control in high-speed optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Commun. 232, 123-128 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Zara, S. Yazdanfar, K. D. Rao, J. A. Izatt, and S. W. Smith, "Electrostatic micromachine scanning mirror for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett 28, 628-630 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J. S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J. S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112, 1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Seibel and Q. Y. J. Smithwick, "Unique features of optical scanning, single fiber endoscopy," Lasers Surg. Med. 30, 177-183 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Polglase, W. J. McLaren, S. A. Skinner, R. Kiesslich, M. F. Neurath, and P. M. Delaney, "A fluorescence confocal endomicroscope for in vivo microscopy of the upper- and the lower-GI tract," Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 686-695 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Zara, S. Yazdanfar, K. D. Rao, J. A. Izatt, and S. W. Smith, "Electrostatic micromachine scanning mirror for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett 28, 628-630 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Seibel and Q. Y. J. Smithwick, "Unique features of optical scanning, single fiber endoscopy," Lasers Surg. Med. 30, 177-183 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography," Science 276, 2037-2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. E. Brezinski, N. J. Weissman, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21, 543-545 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J. S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J. S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112, 1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Helmchen, M. S. Fee, D. W. Tank, and W. Denk, "A miniature head-mounted two-photon microscope: High-resolution brain imaging in freely moving animals," Neuron 31, 903-912 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, S. H. Yun, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12, 367-376 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, J. F. de Boer, N. Iftimia, and B. E. Bouma, "High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging," Opt. Express 11, 2953-2963 (2003), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. F. de Boer, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, G. J. Tearney, and B. E. Bouma, "Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 28, 2067-2069 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120, 7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "High-resolution imaging of the human esophagus and stomach in vivo using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 467-474 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography," Science 276, 2037-2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, C. Pitris, G. J. Tearney, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, "Forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 22, 1618-1620 (1997). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. E. Brezinski, N. J. Weissman, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21, 543-545 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Jung, D. T. McCormick, J. Zhang, L. Wang, N. C. Tien, and Z. P. Chen, "Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 163910 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. G. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. P. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11, 806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A 117, 331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. Qi, A. P. Himmer, L. M. Gordon, X. D. V. Yang, L. D. Dickensheets, and I. A. Vitkin, "Dynamic focus control in high-speed optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Commun. 232, 123-128 (2004). [CrossRef]
- W. Jung, D. T. McCormick, J. Zhang, L. Wang, N. C. Tien, and Z. P. Chen, "Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 163910 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. G. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. P. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11, 806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
- W. G. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. P. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11, 806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A 117, 331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML): A new laser operating regime and applications for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 14, 3225-3237 (2006), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J. S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J. S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112, 1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, J. G. Fujimoto, J. Y. Jiang, and A. E. Cable, "Three-dimensional and C-mode OCT imaging with a compact, frequency swept laser source at 1300 nm," Opt. Express 13, 10523-10538 (2005), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Jain, A. Kopa, Y. T. Pan, G. K. Fedder, and H. K. Xie, "A two-axis electrothermal micromirror for endoscopic optical coherence tomography," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 10, 636-642 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A 117, 331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. Qi, A. P. Himmer, L. M. Gordon, X. D. V. Yang, L. D. Dickensheets, and I. A. Vitkin, "Dynamic focus control in high-speed optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Commun. 232, 123-128 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Zara, S. Yazdanfar, K. D. Rao, J. A. Izatt, and S. W. Smith, "Electrostatic micromachine scanning mirror for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett 28, 628-630 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A 117, 331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, S. H. Yun, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12, 367-376 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, J. F. de Boer, N. Iftimia, and B. E. Bouma, "High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging," Opt. Express 11, 2953-2963 (2003), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Zara, S. Yazdanfar, K. D. Rao, J. A. Izatt, and S. W. Smith, "Electrostatic micromachine scanning mirror for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett 28, 628-630 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Jung, D. T. McCormick, J. Zhang, L. Wang, N. C. Tien, and Z. P. Chen, "Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 163910 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. G. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. P. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11, 806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
App. Phys. Lett.
- W. Jung, D. T. McCormick, J. Zhang, L. Wang, N. C. Tien, and Z. P. Chen, "Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 163910 (2006). [CrossRef]
Endoscopy
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
Gastroenterology
- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120, 7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Gastrointest. Endosc.
- B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "High-resolution imaging of the human esophagus and stomach in vivo using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 467-474 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Polglase, W. J. McLaren, S. A. Skinner, R. Kiesslich, M. F. Neurath, and P. M. Delaney, "A fluorescence confocal endomicroscope for in vivo microscopy of the upper- and the lower-GI tract," Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 686-695 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron
- A. Jain, A. Kopa, Y. T. Pan, G. K. Fedder, and H. K. Xie, "A two-axis electrothermal micromirror for endoscopic optical coherence tomography," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 10, 636-642 (2004). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- W. G. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. P. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11, 806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- M. A. Choma, K. Hsu, and J. A. Izatt, "Swept source optical coherence tomography using an all-fiber 1300-nm ring laser source," J. Biomed. Opt. 10, 44009 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Microelectromech. Syst.
- D. L. Dickensheets and G. S. Kino, "Silicon-micromachined scanning confocal optical microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 7, 38-47 (1998). [CrossRef]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
Lasers Surg. Med.
- E. J. Seibel and Q. Y. J. Smithwick, "Unique features of optical scanning, single fiber endoscopy," Lasers Surg. Med. 30, 177-183 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Neuron
- F. Helmchen, M. S. Fee, D. W. Tank, and W. Denk, "A miniature head-mounted two-photon microscope: High-resolution brain imaging in freely moving animals," Neuron 31, 903-912 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Ophthalmology
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J. S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J. S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112, 1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Commun.
- B. Qi, A. P. Himmer, L. M. Gordon, X. D. V. Yang, L. D. Dickensheets, and I. A. Vitkin, "Dynamic focus control in high-speed optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Commun. 232, 123-128 (2004). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- S. Bourquin, A. D. Aguirre, I. Hartl, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, J. G. Fujimoto, T. A. Birks, W. J. Wadsworth, U. Bunting, and D. Kopf, "Ultrahigh resolution real time OCT imaging using a compact femtosecond Nd : Glass laser and nonlinear fiber," Opt. Express 11, 3290-3297 (2003) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, J. G. Fujimoto, J. Y. Jiang, and A. E. Cable, "Three-dimensional and C-mode OCT imaging with a compact, frequency swept laser source at 1300 nm," Opt. Express 13, 10523-10538 (2005), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML): A new laser operating regime and applications for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 14, 3225-3237 (2006), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, J. F. de Boer, N. Iftimia, and B. E. Bouma, "High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging," Opt. Express 11, 2953-2963 (2003), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Nassif, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, S. H. Yun, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12, 367-376 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Leitgeb, W. Drexler, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, T. Bajraszewski, T. Le, A. Stingl, and A. F. Fercher, "Ultrahigh resolution Fourier domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 12, 2156-2165 (2004), [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Leitgeb, C. K. Hitzenberger, and A. F. Fercher, "Performance of Fourier domain vs. time domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 11, 889-894 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Choma, M. V. Sarunic, C. H. Yang, and J. A. Izatt, "Sensitivity advantage of swept source and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 11, 2183-2189 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett
- J. M. Zara, S. Yazdanfar, K. D. Rao, J. A. Izatt, and S. W. Smith, "Electrostatic micromachine scanning mirror for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett 28, 628-630 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- Y. Pan, H. Xie, and G. K. Fedder, "Endoscopic optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Lett. 26, 1966-1968 (2001). [CrossRef]
- J. F. de Boer, B. Cense, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, G. J. Tearney, and B. E. Bouma, "Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 28, 2067-2069 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. E. Brezinski, N. J. Weissman, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21, 543-545 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Liu, M. J. Cobb, Y. Chen, M. B. Kimmey, and X. Li, "Rapid-scanning forward-imaging miniature endoscope for real-time optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 29, 1763-1765 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. D. Aguirre, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, I. Hartl, and J. G. Fujimoto, "High-resolution optical coherence microscopy for high-speed, in vivo cellular imaging," Opt. Lett. 28, 2064-2066 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, C. Pitris, G. J. Tearney, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, "Forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 22, 1618-1620 (1997). [CrossRef]
Science
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography," Science 276, 2037-2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Sens. Actuators A
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A 117, 331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
Other
- W. Piyawattanametha, L. Fan, S. Hsu, M. Fujino, M. C. Wu, P. R. Herz, A. D. Aguirre, Y. Chen, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Two-dimensional endoscopic MEMS scanner for high resolution optical coherence tomography," presented at Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), San Francisco, CA, USA, 2004.
- P. R. Patterson, D. Hah, H. Nguyen, H. Toshiyoshi, R.-m. Chao, and M. C. Wu, "A scanning micromirror with angular comb drive actuation," presented at Fifteenth IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 20-24 Jan. 2002, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2002.
- W. Piyawattanametha, P. R. Patterson, G. D. J. Su, H. Toshiyoshi, and M. C. Wu, "A MEMS non-interferometric differential confocal scanning optical microscope," presented at Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators Transducers '01/Eurosensors XV, Munich, Germany, 2001.
- W. Piyawattanametha, J. T. C. Liu, M. J. Mandella, H. Ra, L. K. Wong, P. Hsiung, T. D. Wang, G. S. Kino, and O. Solgaard, "MEMS Based Dual-axes Confocal Reflectance Handheld Microscope for In Vivo Imaging," presented at IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS, 2006.
2006, Huber, Opt. Express
- W. Jung, D. T. McCormick, J. Zhang, L. Wang, N. C. Tien, and Z. P. Chen, "Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 163910 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. T. W. Yeow, V. X. D. Yang, A. Chahwan, M. L. Gordon, B. Qi, I. A. Vitkin, B. C. Wilson, and A. A. Goldenberg, "Micromachined 2-D scanner for 3-D optical coherence tomography," Sens. Actuators A 117, 331-340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- W. G. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Wilder-Smith, Z. P. Chen, D. T. McCormick, and N. C. Tien, "Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography employing a 2-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11, 806-810 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Polglase, W. J. McLaren, S. A. Skinner, R. Kiesslich, M. F. Neurath, and P. M. Delaney, "A fluorescence confocal endomicroscope for in vivo microscopy of the upper- and the lower-GI tract," Gastrointest. Endosc. 62, 686-695 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Choma, K. Hsu, and J. A. Izatt, "Swept source optical coherence tomography using an all-fiber 1300-nm ring laser source," J. Biomed. Opt. 10, 44009 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J. S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J. S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112, 1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Jain, A. Kopa, Y. T. Pan, G. K. Fedder, and H. K. Xie, "A two-axis electrothermal micromirror for endoscopic optical coherence tomography," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 10, 636-642 (2004). [CrossRef]
- B. Qi, A. P. Himmer, L. M. Gordon, X. D. V. Yang, L. D. Dickensheets, and I. A. Vitkin, "Dynamic focus control in high-speed optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror," Opt. Commun. 232, 123-128 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Zara, S. Yazdanfar, K. D. Rao, J. A. Izatt, and S. W. Smith, "Electrostatic micromachine scanning mirror for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett 28, 628-630 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sakashita, H. Inoue, H. Kashida, J. Tanaka, J. Y. Cho, H. Satodate, E. Hidaka, T. Yoshida, N. Fukami, Y. Tamegai, A. Shiokawa, and S. Kudo, "Virtual histology of colorectal lesions using laser-scanning confocal microscopy," Endoscopy 35, 1033-1038 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Miyajima, N. Asaoka, T. Isokawa, M. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Imai, O. Fujimori, M. Katashiro, and K. Matsumoto, "A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12, 243-251 (2003). [CrossRef]
- E. J. Seibel and Q. Y. J. Smithwick, "Unique features of optical scanning, single fiber endoscopy," Lasers Surg. Med. 30, 177-183 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Poneros, S. Brand, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "Diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia by optical coherence tomography," Gastroenterology 120, 7-12 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Helmchen, M. S. Fee, D. W. Tank, and W. Denk, "A miniature head-mounted two-photon microscope: High-resolution brain imaging in freely moving animals," Neuron 31, 903-912 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, C. C. Compton, and N. S. Nishioka, "High-resolution imaging of the human esophagus and stomach in vivo using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 467-474 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A. Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 474-479 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jackle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schroder, and N. Soehendra, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 750-755 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Li, S. A. Boppart, J. Van Dam, H. Mashimo, M. Mutinga, W. Drexler, M. Klein, C. Pitris, M. L. Krinsky, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography: advanced technology for the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus," Endoscopy 32, 921-930 (2000). [CrossRef]
- D. L. Dickensheets and G. S. Kino, "Silicon-micromachined scanning confocal optical microscope," J. Microelectromech. Syst. 7, 38-47 (1998). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography," Science 276, 2037-2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Cited By |
OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.
Related Journal Articles 
- Miniature Endoscope for Simultaneous Optical Coherence Tomography and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurement (AO)
- Rapid-scanning forward-imaging miniature endoscope for real-time optical coherence tomography (OL)
- Paired-angle-rotation scanning optical coherence tomography forward-imaging probe (OL)
- Two-axis magnetically-driven MEMS scanning catheter for endoscopic high-speed optical coherence tomography (OE)
- Semi-resonant operation of a fiber-cantilever piezotube scanner for stable optical coherence tomography endoscope imaging (OE)
Related Conference Papers 
- In vivo imaging of human internal organs with an integrated endoscopic OCT system
- Clinical evidences of OCT capabilities in multi-center and multi-disciplinary endoscopic OCT studies
- Imaging APC/Min(+/-) Colon Cancer Model Mice with Ultrahigh Resolution Endoscopic FD-OCT at 800nm
- 1.6 mm Diameter Scanning Fiber Endoscope
- Anatomical Optical Coherence Tomography: Endoscopic Quantitative Imaging of the Upper Airway
- Firefox 11+
- Google Chrome 17+
- Internet Explorer 9+
- Safari 5+




OSA is a member of 