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Optical characterization of photonic crystal slabs using orthogonally oriented polarization filters
Yousef Nazirizadeh, Jürgen Müller, Ulf Geyer, Detlef Schelle, Ernst-Bernhard Kley, Andreas Tünnermann, Uli Lemmer, and Martina Gerken »View Author Affiliations
1Light Technology Institute, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesser Str. 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
2Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz, 07743 Jena, Germany
*Yousef.Nazirizadeh@lti.uni-karlsruhe.de
Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 10, pp. 7153-7160 (2008)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.007153
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Abstract
We present an experimental method for direct analysis of guided-mode resonances in photonic crystal slab structures using transmission measurements. By positioning the photonic crystal slab between orthogonally oriented polarization filters light transmission is suppressed except for the guided-mode resonances. Angle resolved transmission measurements with crossed polarizers are performed to obtain the band structure around the Γ-point. Results are compared to mode simulations. Spatially resolved measurements in a confocal microscope setup are used for homogeneity characterizations. Stitching errors and inhomogeneities in exposure dose down to 1.3% in photonic crystal slabs fabricated by electron beam lithography are observed using this method.
© 2008 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(120.7000) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Transmission
(220.4241) Optical design and fabrication : Nanostructure fabrication
(050.5298) Diffraction and gratings : Photonic crystals
ToC Category:
Photonic Crystals
History
Original Manuscript: February 25, 2008
Revised Manuscript: April 18, 2008
Manuscript Accepted: April 19, 2008
Published: May 2, 2008
Citation
Yousef Nazirizadeh, Jürgen Müller, Ulf Geyer, Detlef Schelle, Ernst-Bernhard Kley, Andreas Tünnermann, Uli Lemmer, and Martina Gerken, "Optical characterization of photonic crystal slabs using orthogonally oriented polarization filters," Opt. Express 16, 7153-7160 (2008)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-10-7153
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References
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- L. C. Andreani and D. Gerace, "Photonic-crystal slabs with a triangular lattice of triangular holes investigated using a guided-mode expansion method," Phys. Rev. B 73, 235114 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Galli, D. Bajoni, M. Belotti, F. Paleari, M. Patrini, G. Guizzetti, D. Gerace, M. Agio, L. C. Andreani, D. Peyrade and Y. Chen, "Measurement of photonic mode dispersion and linewidths in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1402-1410 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Turnbull, P. Andrew, W. L. Barnes and I. D. W. Samuel," Photonic mode dispersion of a two-dimensional distributed feedback polymer laser," Phys. Rev. B 67, 165107 (2003). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Turnbull, P. Andrew, M. J. Jory, W. L. Barnes and I. D. W. Samuel, "Relationship between photonic band structure and emission characteristics of a polymer distributed feedback laser," Phys. Rev. B 64, 125122 (2001). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Bristow, V. N. Astratov, R. Shimada, I. S. Culshaw, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, A. Tahraoui and T. F. Krauss, "Polarization conversion in the reflectivity properties of photonic crystal waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 880-884 (2002). [CrossRef]
- V. N. Astratov, R. M. Stevenson, I. Culshaw, D. M. Whittaker, M. S. Skolnick, T. F. Krauss and R. M. De La Rue, "Heavy photon dispersion in photonic crystal waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 178-180 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Q2. V. N. Astratov, M. S. Skolnick, S. Brand, T. F. Krauss, O. Z. Karimov, R. M. Stevenson, D. M. Whittaker, I. Culshaw and R. M. De La Rue, "Experimental technique to determine the band structure of two-dimensional photonic lattices," IEEE Proc. Optoelectron. 145, 398-402 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "High transmission and single-mode operation in low-index-contrast photonic crystal waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 663-665 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast," Opt. Express 11, 3284-3289 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Harbers, P. Strasser, D. Caimi, R. F. Mahrt, N. Moll, D. Erni, W. Baechtold, B. J. Offrein and U. Scherf, "Enhanced feedback and experimental band mapping of organic photonic-crystal lasers," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 273-277 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Galli, D. Bajoni, M. Belotti, F. Paleari, M. Patrini, G. Guizzetti, D. Gerace, M. Agio, L. C. Andreani, D. Peyrade and Y. Chen, "Measurement of photonic mode dispersion and linewidths in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1402-1410 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Turnbull, P. Andrew, W. L. Barnes and I. D. W. Samuel," Photonic mode dispersion of a two-dimensional distributed feedback polymer laser," Phys. Rev. B 67, 165107 (2003). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Turnbull, P. Andrew, M. J. Jory, W. L. Barnes and I. D. W. Samuel, "Relationship between photonic band structure and emission characteristics of a polymer distributed feedback laser," Phys. Rev. B 64, 125122 (2001). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Lupton, B. J. Matterson, I. D. W. Samuel, M. J. Jory, and W. L. Barnes, "Bragg scattering from periodically microstructured light emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3340-3342 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Netti, A. Harris, J. J. Baumberg, D. M. Whittaker, M. B. D. Charlton, M. E. Zoorob and G. J. Parker, "Optical trirefringence in photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1526 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Galli, D. Bajoni, M. Belotti, F. Paleari, M. Patrini, G. Guizzetti, D. Gerace, M. Agio, L. C. Andreani, D. Peyrade and Y. Chen, "Measurement of photonic mode dispersion and linewidths in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1402-1410 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Q2. V. N. Astratov, M. S. Skolnick, S. Brand, T. F. Krauss, O. Z. Karimov, R. M. Stevenson, D. M. Whittaker, I. Culshaw and R. M. De La Rue, "Experimental technique to determine the band structure of two-dimensional photonic lattices," IEEE Proc. Optoelectron. 145, 398-402 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Bristow, V. N. Astratov, R. Shimada, I. S. Culshaw, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, A. Tahraoui and T. F. Krauss, "Polarization conversion in the reflectivity properties of photonic crystal waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 880-884 (2002). [CrossRef]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- R. Harbers, P. Strasser, D. Caimi, R. F. Mahrt, N. Moll, D. Erni, W. Baechtold, B. J. Offrein and U. Scherf, "Enhanced feedback and experimental band mapping of organic photonic-crystal lasers," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 273-277 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Netti, A. Harris, J. J. Baumberg, D. M. Whittaker, M. B. D. Charlton, M. E. Zoorob and G. J. Parker, "Optical trirefringence in photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1526 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Galli, D. Bajoni, M. Belotti, F. Paleari, M. Patrini, G. Guizzetti, D. Gerace, M. Agio, L. C. Andreani, D. Peyrade and Y. Chen, "Measurement of photonic mode dispersion and linewidths in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1402-1410 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. B. Crozier, V. Lousee, O. Kilic, S. Kim, S. Fan and O. Solgaard, "Air-bridged photonic crystal slabs at visible and near-infrared wavelengths," Phys. Rev. B 73, 115126 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. N. Astratov, R. M. Stevenson, I. Culshaw, D. M. Whittaker, M. S. Skolnick, T. F. Krauss and R. M. De La Rue, "Heavy photon dispersion in photonic crystal waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 178-180 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Q2. V. N. Astratov, M. S. Skolnick, S. Brand, T. F. Krauss, O. Z. Karimov, R. M. Stevenson, D. M. Whittaker, I. Culshaw and R. M. De La Rue, "Experimental technique to determine the band structure of two-dimensional photonic lattices," IEEE Proc. Optoelectron. 145, 398-402 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Bristow, V. N. Astratov, R. Shimada, I. S. Culshaw, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, A. Tahraoui and T. F. Krauss, "Polarization conversion in the reflectivity properties of photonic crystal waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 880-884 (2002). [CrossRef]
- V. N. Astratov, R. M. Stevenson, I. Culshaw, D. M. Whittaker, M. S. Skolnick, T. F. Krauss and R. M. De La Rue, "Heavy photon dispersion in photonic crystal waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 178-180 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Q2. V. N. Astratov, M. S. Skolnick, S. Brand, T. F. Krauss, O. Z. Karimov, R. M. Stevenson, D. M. Whittaker, I. Culshaw and R. M. De La Rue, "Experimental technique to determine the band structure of two-dimensional photonic lattices," IEEE Proc. Optoelectron. 145, 398-402 (1998). [CrossRef]
- Y. A. Vlasov, M. Deutsch, and D. J. Norris, "Single-domain spectroscopy of self-assembled photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1627-1629 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Meier, A. Mekis, A. Dodabalapur, A. Timko, R. E. Slusher, J. D. Joannopoulos and O. Nalamasu, "Laser action from two-dimensional distributed feedback in photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 7-9 (1999). [CrossRef]
- R. Harbers, P. Strasser, D. Caimi, R. F. Mahrt, N. Moll, D. Erni, W. Baechtold, B. J. Offrein and U. Scherf, "Enhanced feedback and experimental band mapping of organic photonic-crystal lasers," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 273-277 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "High transmission and single-mode operation in low-index-contrast photonic crystal waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 663-665 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast," Opt. Express 11, 3284-3289 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. B. Crozier, V. Lousee, O. Kilic, S. Kim, S. Fan and O. Solgaard, "Air-bridged photonic crystal slabs at visible and near-infrared wavelengths," Phys. Rev. B 73, 115126 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Fan and J. D. Jannopoulos, "Analysis of guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B 65,235112 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. G. Johnson, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos and L. A. Kolodziejski, "Guided modes in photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B 60, 5751-5758 (1999). [CrossRef]
- Q1. S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. F. Schubert, "High extraction efficiency of spontaneous emission from slabs of photonic crystals," Phs. Rev.Lett. 78, 3294-3297 (1997). [CrossRef]
- S. Riechel, C. Kallinger, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, A. Gombert, V. Wittwer, and U. Scherf, "A nearly diffraction limited surface emitting conjugated polymer laser utilizing a two-dimensional photonic band structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2310-2312 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "High transmission and single-mode operation in low-index-contrast photonic crystal waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 663-665 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast," Opt. Express 11, 3284-3289 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Galli, D. Bajoni, M. Belotti, F. Paleari, M. Patrini, G. Guizzetti, D. Gerace, M. Agio, L. C. Andreani, D. Peyrade and Y. Chen, "Measurement of photonic mode dispersion and linewidths in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1402-1410 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- L. C. Andreani and D. Gerace, "Photonic-crystal slabs with a triangular lattice of triangular holes investigated using a guided-mode expansion method," Phys. Rev. B 73, 235114 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Galli, D. Bajoni, M. Belotti, F. Paleari, M. Patrini, G. Guizzetti, D. Gerace, M. Agio, L. C. Andreani, D. Peyrade and Y. Chen, "Measurement of photonic mode dispersion and linewidths in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1402-1410 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Riechel, C. Kallinger, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, A. Gombert, V. Wittwer, and U. Scherf, "A nearly diffraction limited surface emitting conjugated polymer laser utilizing a two-dimensional photonic band structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2310-2312 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Galli, D. Bajoni, M. Belotti, F. Paleari, M. Patrini, G. Guizzetti, D. Gerace, M. Agio, L. C. Andreani, D. Peyrade and Y. Chen, "Measurement of photonic mode dispersion and linewidths in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1402-1410 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. Harbers, P. Strasser, D. Caimi, R. F. Mahrt, N. Moll, D. Erni, W. Baechtold, B. J. Offrein and U. Scherf, "Enhanced feedback and experimental band mapping of organic photonic-crystal lasers," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 273-277 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Netti, A. Harris, J. J. Baumberg, D. M. Whittaker, M. B. D. Charlton, M. E. Zoorob and G. J. Parker, "Optical trirefringence in photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1526 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "High transmission and single-mode operation in low-index-contrast photonic crystal waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 663-665 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast," Opt. Express 11, 3284-3289 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Fan and J. D. Jannopoulos, "Analysis of guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B 65,235112 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. G. Johnson, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos and L. A. Kolodziejski, "Guided modes in photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B 60, 5751-5758 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. Meier, A. Mekis, A. Dodabalapur, A. Timko, R. E. Slusher, J. D. Joannopoulos and O. Nalamasu, "Laser action from two-dimensional distributed feedback in photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 7-9 (1999). [CrossRef]
- Q1. S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. F. Schubert, "High extraction efficiency of spontaneous emission from slabs of photonic crystals," Phs. Rev.Lett. 78, 3294-3297 (1997). [CrossRef]
- S. G. Johnson, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos and L. A. Kolodziejski, "Guided modes in photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B 60, 5751-5758 (1999). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Turnbull, P. Andrew, M. J. Jory, W. L. Barnes and I. D. W. Samuel, "Relationship between photonic band structure and emission characteristics of a polymer distributed feedback laser," Phys. Rev. B 64, 125122 (2001). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Lupton, B. J. Matterson, I. D. W. Samuel, M. J. Jory, and W. L. Barnes, "Bragg scattering from periodically microstructured light emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3340-3342 (2000). [CrossRef]
- S. Riechel, C. Kallinger, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, A. Gombert, V. Wittwer, and U. Scherf, "A nearly diffraction limited surface emitting conjugated polymer laser utilizing a two-dimensional photonic band structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2310-2312 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Q2. V. N. Astratov, M. S. Skolnick, S. Brand, T. F. Krauss, O. Z. Karimov, R. M. Stevenson, D. M. Whittaker, I. Culshaw and R. M. De La Rue, "Experimental technique to determine the band structure of two-dimensional photonic lattices," IEEE Proc. Optoelectron. 145, 398-402 (1998). [CrossRef]
- K. B. Crozier, V. Lousee, O. Kilic, S. Kim, S. Fan and O. Solgaard, "Air-bridged photonic crystal slabs at visible and near-infrared wavelengths," Phys. Rev. B 73, 115126 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. B. Crozier, V. Lousee, O. Kilic, S. Kim, S. Fan and O. Solgaard, "Air-bridged photonic crystal slabs at visible and near-infrared wavelengths," Phys. Rev. B 73, 115126 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "High transmission and single-mode operation in low-index-contrast photonic crystal waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 663-665 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast," Opt. Express 11, 3284-3289 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. G. Johnson, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos and L. A. Kolodziejski, "Guided modes in photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B 60, 5751-5758 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Bristow, V. N. Astratov, R. Shimada, I. S. Culshaw, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, A. Tahraoui and T. F. Krauss, "Polarization conversion in the reflectivity properties of photonic crystal waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 880-884 (2002). [CrossRef]
- V. N. Astratov, R. M. Stevenson, I. Culshaw, D. M. Whittaker, M. S. Skolnick, T. F. Krauss and R. M. De La Rue, "Heavy photon dispersion in photonic crystal waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 178-180 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Q2. V. N. Astratov, M. S. Skolnick, S. Brand, T. F. Krauss, O. Z. Karimov, R. M. Stevenson, D. M. Whittaker, I. Culshaw and R. M. De La Rue, "Experimental technique to determine the band structure of two-dimensional photonic lattices," IEEE Proc. Optoelectron. 145, 398-402 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "High transmission and single-mode operation in low-index-contrast photonic crystal waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 663-665 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast," Opt. Express 11, 3284-3289 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Riechel, C. Kallinger, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, A. Gombert, V. Wittwer, and U. Scherf, "A nearly diffraction limited surface emitting conjugated polymer laser utilizing a two-dimensional photonic band structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2310-2312 (2000). [CrossRef]
- K. B. Crozier, V. Lousee, O. Kilic, S. Kim, S. Fan and O. Solgaard, "Air-bridged photonic crystal slabs at visible and near-infrared wavelengths," Phys. Rev. B 73, 115126 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Lupton, B. J. Matterson, I. D. W. Samuel, M. J. Jory, and W. L. Barnes, "Bragg scattering from periodically microstructured light emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3340-3342 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Harbers, P. Strasser, D. Caimi, R. F. Mahrt, N. Moll, D. Erni, W. Baechtold, B. J. Offrein and U. Scherf, "Enhanced feedback and experimental band mapping of organic photonic-crystal lasers," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 273-277 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Lupton, B. J. Matterson, I. D. W. Samuel, M. J. Jory, and W. L. Barnes, "Bragg scattering from periodically microstructured light emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3340-3342 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Meier, A. Mekis, A. Dodabalapur, A. Timko, R. E. Slusher, J. D. Joannopoulos and O. Nalamasu, "Laser action from two-dimensional distributed feedback in photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 7-9 (1999). [CrossRef]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Meier, A. Mekis, A. Dodabalapur, A. Timko, R. E. Slusher, J. D. Joannopoulos and O. Nalamasu, "Laser action from two-dimensional distributed feedback in photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 7-9 (1999). [CrossRef]
- K. Sakai, E. Miyai, T. Sakaguchi, D. Ohnishi, T. Okano, and S. Noda, "Lasing band-edge identification for a surface-emitting photonic crystal laser," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1335-1340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. Harbers, P. Strasser, D. Caimi, R. F. Mahrt, N. Moll, D. Erni, W. Baechtold, B. J. Offrein and U. Scherf, "Enhanced feedback and experimental band mapping of organic photonic-crystal lasers," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 273-277 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Meier, A. Mekis, A. Dodabalapur, A. Timko, R. E. Slusher, J. D. Joannopoulos and O. Nalamasu, "Laser action from two-dimensional distributed feedback in photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 7-9 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Netti, A. Harris, J. J. Baumberg, D. M. Whittaker, M. B. D. Charlton, M. E. Zoorob and G. J. Parker, "Optical trirefringence in photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1526 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Sakai, E. Miyai, T. Sakaguchi, D. Ohnishi, T. Okano, and S. Noda, "Lasing band-edge identification for a surface-emitting photonic crystal laser," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1335-1340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "High transmission and single-mode operation in low-index-contrast photonic crystal waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 663-665 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast," Opt. Express 11, 3284-3289 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. A. Vlasov, M. Deutsch, and D. J. Norris, "Single-domain spectroscopy of self-assembled photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1627-1629 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Harbers, P. Strasser, D. Caimi, R. F. Mahrt, N. Moll, D. Erni, W. Baechtold, B. J. Offrein and U. Scherf, "Enhanced feedback and experimental band mapping of organic photonic-crystal lasers," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 273-277 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Sakai, E. Miyai, T. Sakaguchi, D. Ohnishi, T. Okano, and S. Noda, "Lasing band-edge identification for a surface-emitting photonic crystal laser," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1335-1340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. Sakai, E. Miyai, T. Sakaguchi, D. Ohnishi, T. Okano, and S. Noda, "Lasing band-edge identification for a surface-emitting photonic crystal laser," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1335-1340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Galli, D. Bajoni, M. Belotti, F. Paleari, M. Patrini, G. Guizzetti, D. Gerace, M. Agio, L. C. Andreani, D. Peyrade and Y. Chen, "Measurement of photonic mode dispersion and linewidths in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1402-1410 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Netti, A. Harris, J. J. Baumberg, D. M. Whittaker, M. B. D. Charlton, M. E. Zoorob and G. J. Parker, "Optical trirefringence in photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1526 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Galli, D. Bajoni, M. Belotti, F. Paleari, M. Patrini, G. Guizzetti, D. Gerace, M. Agio, L. C. Andreani, D. Peyrade and Y. Chen, "Measurement of photonic mode dispersion and linewidths in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1402-1410 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "High transmission and single-mode operation in low-index-contrast photonic crystal waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 663-665 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast," Opt. Express 11, 3284-3289 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Galli, D. Bajoni, M. Belotti, F. Paleari, M. Patrini, G. Guizzetti, D. Gerace, M. Agio, L. C. Andreani, D. Peyrade and Y. Chen, "Measurement of photonic mode dispersion and linewidths in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1402-1410 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. Riechel, C. Kallinger, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, A. Gombert, V. Wittwer, and U. Scherf, "A nearly diffraction limited surface emitting conjugated polymer laser utilizing a two-dimensional photonic band structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2310-2312 (2000). [CrossRef]
- K. Sakai, E. Miyai, T. Sakaguchi, D. Ohnishi, T. Okano, and S. Noda, "Lasing band-edge identification for a surface-emitting photonic crystal laser," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1335-1340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. Sakai, E. Miyai, T. Sakaguchi, D. Ohnishi, T. Okano, and S. Noda, "Lasing band-edge identification for a surface-emitting photonic crystal laser," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1335-1340 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Turnbull, P. Andrew, W. L. Barnes and I. D. W. Samuel," Photonic mode dispersion of a two-dimensional distributed feedback polymer laser," Phys. Rev. B 67, 165107 (2003). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Turnbull, P. Andrew, M. J. Jory, W. L. Barnes and I. D. W. Samuel, "Relationship between photonic band structure and emission characteristics of a polymer distributed feedback laser," Phys. Rev. B 64, 125122 (2001). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Lupton, B. J. Matterson, I. D. W. Samuel, M. J. Jory, and W. L. Barnes, "Bragg scattering from periodically microstructured light emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3340-3342 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "High transmission and single-mode operation in low-index-contrast photonic crystal waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 663-665 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast," Opt. Express 11, 3284-3289 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Harbers, P. Strasser, D. Caimi, R. F. Mahrt, N. Moll, D. Erni, W. Baechtold, B. J. Offrein and U. Scherf, "Enhanced feedback and experimental band mapping of organic photonic-crystal lasers," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 273-277 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Riechel, C. Kallinger, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, A. Gombert, V. Wittwer, and U. Scherf, "A nearly diffraction limited surface emitting conjugated polymer laser utilizing a two-dimensional photonic band structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2310-2312 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Q1. S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. F. Schubert, "High extraction efficiency of spontaneous emission from slabs of photonic crystals," Phs. Rev.Lett. 78, 3294-3297 (1997). [CrossRef]
- S. Wang and S. Sheem, "Two-dimensional distributed-feedback lasers and their applications," Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 460-462 (1973). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Bristow, V. N. Astratov, R. Shimada, I. S. Culshaw, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, A. Tahraoui and T. F. Krauss, "Polarization conversion in the reflectivity properties of photonic crystal waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 880-884 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Bristow, V. N. Astratov, R. Shimada, I. S. Culshaw, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, A. Tahraoui and T. F. Krauss, "Polarization conversion in the reflectivity properties of photonic crystal waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 880-884 (2002). [CrossRef]
- V. N. Astratov, R. M. Stevenson, I. Culshaw, D. M. Whittaker, M. S. Skolnick, T. F. Krauss and R. M. De La Rue, "Heavy photon dispersion in photonic crystal waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 178-180 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Q2. V. N. Astratov, M. S. Skolnick, S. Brand, T. F. Krauss, O. Z. Karimov, R. M. Stevenson, D. M. Whittaker, I. Culshaw and R. M. De La Rue, "Experimental technique to determine the band structure of two-dimensional photonic lattices," IEEE Proc. Optoelectron. 145, 398-402 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. Meier, A. Mekis, A. Dodabalapur, A. Timko, R. E. Slusher, J. D. Joannopoulos and O. Nalamasu, "Laser action from two-dimensional distributed feedback in photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 7-9 (1999). [CrossRef]
- K. B. Crozier, V. Lousee, O. Kilic, S. Kim, S. Fan and O. Solgaard, "Air-bridged photonic crystal slabs at visible and near-infrared wavelengths," Phys. Rev. B 73, 115126 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. N. Astratov, R. M. Stevenson, I. Culshaw, D. M. Whittaker, M. S. Skolnick, T. F. Krauss and R. M. De La Rue, "Heavy photon dispersion in photonic crystal waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 178-180 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Q2. V. N. Astratov, M. S. Skolnick, S. Brand, T. F. Krauss, O. Z. Karimov, R. M. Stevenson, D. M. Whittaker, I. Culshaw and R. M. De La Rue, "Experimental technique to determine the band structure of two-dimensional photonic lattices," IEEE Proc. Optoelectron. 145, 398-402 (1998). [CrossRef]
- R. Harbers, P. Strasser, D. Caimi, R. F. Mahrt, N. Moll, D. Erni, W. Baechtold, B. J. Offrein and U. Scherf, "Enhanced feedback and experimental band mapping of organic photonic-crystal lasers," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 273-277 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Bristow, V. N. Astratov, R. Shimada, I. S. Culshaw, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, A. Tahraoui and T. F. Krauss, "Polarization conversion in the reflectivity properties of photonic crystal waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 880-884 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Meier, A. Mekis, A. Dodabalapur, A. Timko, R. E. Slusher, J. D. Joannopoulos and O. Nalamasu, "Laser action from two-dimensional distributed feedback in photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 7-9 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "High transmission and single-mode operation in low-index-contrast photonic crystal waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 663-665 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast," Opt. Express 11, 3284-3289 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. A. Turnbull, P. Andrew, W. L. Barnes and I. D. W. Samuel," Photonic mode dispersion of a two-dimensional distributed feedback polymer laser," Phys. Rev. B 67, 165107 (2003). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Turnbull, P. Andrew, M. J. Jory, W. L. Barnes and I. D. W. Samuel, "Relationship between photonic band structure and emission characteristics of a polymer distributed feedback laser," Phys. Rev. B 64, 125122 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S. G. Johnson, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos and L. A. Kolodziejski, "Guided modes in photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B 60, 5751-5758 (1999). [CrossRef]
- Q1. S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. F. Schubert, "High extraction efficiency of spontaneous emission from slabs of photonic crystals," Phs. Rev.Lett. 78, 3294-3297 (1997). [CrossRef]
- Y. A. Vlasov, M. Deutsch, and D. J. Norris, "Single-domain spectroscopy of self-assembled photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1627-1629 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Wang and S. Sheem, "Two-dimensional distributed-feedback lasers and their applications," Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 460-462 (1973). [CrossRef]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Bristow, V. N. Astratov, R. Shimada, I. S. Culshaw, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, A. Tahraoui and T. F. Krauss, "Polarization conversion in the reflectivity properties of photonic crystal waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 880-884 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Netti, A. Harris, J. J. Baumberg, D. M. Whittaker, M. B. D. Charlton, M. E. Zoorob and G. J. Parker, "Optical trirefringence in photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1526 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. N. Astratov, R. M. Stevenson, I. Culshaw, D. M. Whittaker, M. S. Skolnick, T. F. Krauss and R. M. De La Rue, "Heavy photon dispersion in photonic crystal waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 178-180 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Q2. V. N. Astratov, M. S. Skolnick, S. Brand, T. F. Krauss, O. Z. Karimov, R. M. Stevenson, D. M. Whittaker, I. Culshaw and R. M. De La Rue, "Experimental technique to determine the band structure of two-dimensional photonic lattices," IEEE Proc. Optoelectron. 145, 398-402 (1998). [CrossRef]
- S. Riechel, C. Kallinger, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, A. Gombert, V. Wittwer, and U. Scherf, "A nearly diffraction limited surface emitting conjugated polymer laser utilizing a two-dimensional photonic band structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2310-2312 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Netti, A. Harris, J. J. Baumberg, D. M. Whittaker, M. B. D. Charlton, M. E. Zoorob and G. J. Parker, "Optical trirefringence in photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1526 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- S. Wang and S. Sheem, "Two-dimensional distributed-feedback lasers and their applications," Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 460-462 (1973). [CrossRef]
- M. Meier, A. Mekis, A. Dodabalapur, A. Timko, R. E. Slusher, J. D. Joannopoulos and O. Nalamasu, "Laser action from two-dimensional distributed feedback in photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 7-9 (1999). [CrossRef]
- S. Riechel, C. Kallinger, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, A. Gombert, V. Wittwer, and U. Scherf, "A nearly diffraction limited surface emitting conjugated polymer laser utilizing a two-dimensional photonic band structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2310-2312 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Lupton, B. J. Matterson, I. D. W. Samuel, M. J. Jory, and W. L. Barnes, "Bragg scattering from periodically microstructured light emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3340-3342 (2000). [CrossRef]
- V. N. Astratov, R. M. Stevenson, I. Culshaw, D. M. Whittaker, M. S. Skolnick, T. F. Krauss and R. M. De La Rue, "Heavy photon dispersion in photonic crystal waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 178-180 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Y. A. Vlasov, M. Deutsch, and D. J. Norris, "Single-domain spectroscopy of self-assembled photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1627-1629 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. von Freymann, W. Koch, D. C. Meisel, M. Wegener, M. Diem, A. Garcia-Martin, S. Pereira, K. Busch, J. Schilling, R. B. Wehrspohn, and U. Goesele, "Diffraction properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 614-616 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "High transmission and single-mode operation in low-index-contrast photonic crystal waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 663-665 (2004). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- A. D. Bristow, V. N. Astratov, R. Shimada, I. S. Culshaw, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, A. Tahraoui and T. F. Krauss, "Polarization conversion in the reflectivity properties of photonic crystal waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 880-884 (2002). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.
- M. Galli, D. Bajoni, M. Belotti, F. Paleari, M. Patrini, G. Guizzetti, D. Gerace, M. Agio, L. C. Andreani, D. Peyrade and Y. Chen, "Measurement of photonic mode dispersion and linewidths in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1402-1410 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. Sakai, E. Miyai, T. Sakaguchi, D. Ohnishi, T. Okano, and S. Noda, "Lasing band-edge identification for a surface-emitting photonic crystal laser," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 23, 1335-1340 (2005). [CrossRef]
IEEE Proc. Optoelectron.
- Q2. V. N. Astratov, M. S. Skolnick, S. Brand, T. F. Krauss, O. Z. Karimov, R. M. Stevenson, D. M. Whittaker, I. Culshaw and R. M. De La Rue, "Experimental technique to determine the band structure of two-dimensional photonic lattices," IEEE Proc. Optoelectron. 145, 398-402 (1998). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.
- R. Harbers, P. Strasser, D. Caimi, R. F. Mahrt, N. Moll, D. Erni, W. Baechtold, B. J. Offrein and U. Scherf, "Enhanced feedback and experimental band mapping of organic photonic-crystal lasers," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 273-277 (2006). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- M. Augustin, H.-J. Fuchs, D. Schelle, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, C. Etrich, U. Peschel and F. Lederer, "Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast," Opt. Express 11, 3284-3289 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding and R. Magnusson, "Resonant leaky-mode spectral-band engineering and device applications," Opt. Express 12,5661-5674 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phs. Rev.Lett.
- Q1. S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. F. Schubert, "High extraction efficiency of spontaneous emission from slabs of photonic crystals," Phs. Rev.Lett. 78, 3294-3297 (1997). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. B
- S. G. Johnson, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos and L. A. Kolodziejski, "Guided modes in photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B 60, 5751-5758 (1999). [CrossRef]
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