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Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs
P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto »View Author Affiliations
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
2Dept. of Physics, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
3Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Bath, UK
*Permanent address: CePOF, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Barao Geraldo 13083-970, Campinas SP, Brazil
Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 10, pp. 7161-7168 (2008)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.007161
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Abstract
We report broad bandwidth, mid-IR supercontinuum generation using a sub-cm (8 mm) length of highly nonlinear tellurite microstructured photonic crystal fiber (PCF). We pump the fiber at telecommunication wavelengths by using 1550 nm, 100 fs pulses of energy E=1.9 nJ. When coupled in the PCF, these pulses result in a supercontinuum (SC) bandwidth of 4080 nm extending from 789 to 4870 nm measured at 20 dBm below the peak spectral power. This bandwidth is comparable or in excess of previously reported spectra for other nonlinear glass fiber formulations despite the significantly shorter fiber length. In addition, besides offering a convenient pump wavelength, short fiber lengths enable smoother SC spectra, lower dispersion, and reduced material absorption at longer wavelengths making the use of this PCF particularly interesting.
© 2008 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(060.4370) Fiber optics and optical communications : Nonlinear optics, fibers
(060.5530) Fiber optics and optical communications : Pulse propagation and temporal solitons
(190.0190) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics
(230.6080) Optical devices : Sources
(320.0320) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast optics
ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics
History
Original Manuscript: March 3, 2008
Revised Manuscript: April 30, 2008
Manuscript Accepted: April 30, 2008
Published: May 2, 2008
Citation
P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto, "Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs," Opt. Express 16, 7161-7168 (2008)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-10-7161
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References
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- L. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. He, J. Lou, M. Shen, I. Z. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, "Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding," Nature 426, 816-819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, "Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber," Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 1135-1184 (2006). [CrossRef]
- F. G. Omenetto, N. A. Wolchover, M. R. Wehner, M. Ross, A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, V. V. R. K. Kumar, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, N. Y. Joly, and P. St. J. Russell, "Spectrally smooth supercontinuum from 350 nm to 3 ?m in sub-centimeter lengths of soft-glass photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Express 14, 4928-4934 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- C. Xia, M. Kumar, M. -Y. Cheng, R. S. Hegde, M. N. Islam, A. Galvanauskas, H. G. Winful, F. L. TerryJr., M. J. Freeman, M. Poulain, and G. Mazé, "Power scalable mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in ZBLAN fluoride fibers with up to 1.3 watts time-averaged power," Opt. Express 15, 865-871 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Korn, "Experimental evidence for supercontinuum generation by fission of higher-order solitons in photonic crystal fibers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901-1 -171901-4 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. H. V. Price, T. M. Monro, H. Ebendorff-Heidepreim, F. Poletti, P. Horak, V. Finazzi, Y. Y. Leong, P. Petropolis, J. C. Flanagan, G. Brambilla, X. Feng, and D. J. Richardson, "Mid-IR supercontinuum generation from nonsilica microstructured optical fibers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 13, 738-750 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Korn, "Experimental evidence for supercontinuum generation by fission of higher-order solitons in photonic crystal fibers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901-1 -171901-4 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xia, M. Kumar, M. -Y. Cheng, R. S. Hegde, M. N. Islam, A. Galvanauskas, H. G. Winful, F. L. TerryJr., M. J. Freeman, M. Poulain, and G. Mazé, "Power scalable mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in ZBLAN fluoride fibers with up to 1.3 watts time-averaged power," Opt. Express 15, 865-871 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xia, M. Kumar, O. P. Kulkarni, M. N. Islam, F. L. Terry Jr., M. J. Freeman, M. Poulain, and G. Mazé, "Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation to 4.5 µm in ZBLAN fluoride fibers by nanosecond diode pumping," Opt. Lett. 31, 2553-2555 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. G. Omenetto, N. A. Wolchover, M. R. Wehner, M. Ross, A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, V. V. R. K. Kumar, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, N. Y. Joly, and P. St. J. Russell, "Spectrally smooth supercontinuum from 350 nm to 3 ?m in sub-centimeter lengths of soft-glass photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Express 14, 4928-4934 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Akhmediev and M. Karlsson, "Cherenkov radiation emitted by solitons in optical fibers," Phys. Rev. A 51, 2602 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. G. Omenetto, N. A. Wolchover, M. R. Wehner, M. Ross, A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, V. V. R. K. Kumar, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, N. Y. Joly, and P. St. J. Russell, "Spectrally smooth supercontinuum from 350 nm to 3 ?m in sub-centimeter lengths of soft-glass photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Express 14, 4928-4934 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Korn, "Experimental evidence for supercontinuum generation by fission of higher-order solitons in photonic crystal fibers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901-1 -171901-4 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Korn, "Experimental evidence for supercontinuum generation by fission of higher-order solitons in photonic crystal fibers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901-1 -171901-4 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xia, M. Kumar, M. -Y. Cheng, R. S. Hegde, M. N. Islam, A. Galvanauskas, H. G. Winful, F. L. TerryJr., M. J. Freeman, M. Poulain, and G. Mazé, "Power scalable mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in ZBLAN fluoride fibers with up to 1.3 watts time-averaged power," Opt. Express 15, 865-871 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xia, M. Kumar, O. P. Kulkarni, M. N. Islam, F. L. Terry Jr., M. J. Freeman, M. Poulain, and G. Mazé, "Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation to 4.5 µm in ZBLAN fluoride fibers by nanosecond diode pumping," Opt. Lett. 31, 2553-2555 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. G. Omenetto, N. A. Wolchover, M. R. Wehner, M. Ross, A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, V. V. R. K. Kumar, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, N. Y. Joly, and P. St. J. Russell, "Spectrally smooth supercontinuum from 350 nm to 3 ?m in sub-centimeter lengths of soft-glass photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Express 14, 4928-4934 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. V. R. K. Kumar, A. George, J. Knight, and P. Russell, "Tellurite photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Express 11, 2641-2645 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-11-20-2641. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. H. V. Price, T. M. Monro, H. Ebendorff-Heidepreim, F. Poletti, P. Horak, V. Finazzi, Y. Y. Leong, P. Petropolis, J. C. Flanagan, G. Brambilla, X. Feng, and D. J. Richardson, "Mid-IR supercontinuum generation from nonsilica microstructured optical fibers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 13, 738-750 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. He, J. Lou, M. Shen, I. Z. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, "Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding," Nature 426, 816-819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. He, J. Lou, M. Shen, I. Z. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, "Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding," Nature 426, 816-819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xia, M. Kumar, M. -Y. Cheng, R. S. Hegde, M. N. Islam, A. Galvanauskas, H. G. Winful, F. L. TerryJr., M. J. Freeman, M. Poulain, and G. Mazé, "Power scalable mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in ZBLAN fluoride fibers with up to 1.3 watts time-averaged power," Opt. Express 15, 865-871 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xia, M. Kumar, O. P. Kulkarni, M. N. Islam, F. L. Terry Jr., M. J. Freeman, M. Poulain, and G. Mazé, "Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation to 4.5 µm in ZBLAN fluoride fibers by nanosecond diode pumping," Opt. Lett. 31, 2553-2555 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. He, J. Lou, M. Shen, I. Z. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, "Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding," Nature 426, 816-819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. D. Monnier, "Optical interferometry in astronomy," Rep. Prog. Phys. 66, 789-857 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. H. V. Price, T. M. Monro, H. Ebendorff-Heidepreim, F. Poletti, P. Horak, V. Finazzi, Y. Y. Leong, P. Petropolis, J. C. Flanagan, G. Brambilla, X. Feng, and D. J. Richardson, "Mid-IR supercontinuum generation from nonsilica microstructured optical fibers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 13, 738-750 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. Feng, T. M. Monro, V. Finazzi, R. C. Moore, K. Frampton, P. Petropoulos, and D. J. Richardson, "Extruded singlemode, High-nonlinearity, tellurite glass holey fibre," Electron. Lett. 41, 835-837 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. M. Monro, Y. D. West, D. W. Hewak, N. G. R. Broderick, and D. J. Richardson, "Chalcogenide holey fibres," Electron. Lett. 36, 1998-2000 (2000). [CrossRef]
- X. Feng, T. M. Monro, V. Finazzi, R. C. Moore, K. Frampton, P. Petropoulos, and D. J. Richardson, "Extruded singlemode, High-nonlinearity, tellurite glass holey fibre," Electron. Lett. 41, 835-837 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Korn, "Experimental evidence for supercontinuum generation by fission of higher-order solitons in photonic crystal fibers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901-1 -171901-4 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Moeser, N. A. Wolchover, and F. G. Omenetto, "Initial dynamics of supercontinuum formation in high nonlinearity glass PCFs," Opt. Lett. 32, 952 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. G. Omenetto, N. A. Wolchover, M. R. Wehner, M. Ross, A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, V. V. R. K. Kumar, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, N. Y. Joly, and P. St. J. Russell, "Spectrally smooth supercontinuum from 350 nm to 3 ?m in sub-centimeter lengths of soft-glass photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Express 14, 4928-4934 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. H. V. Price, T. M. Monro, H. Ebendorff-Heidepreim, F. Poletti, P. Horak, V. Finazzi, Y. Y. Leong, P. Petropolis, J. C. Flanagan, G. Brambilla, X. Feng, and D. J. Richardson, "Mid-IR supercontinuum generation from nonsilica microstructured optical fibers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 13, 738-750 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. Feng, T. M. Monro, V. Finazzi, R. C. Moore, K. Frampton, P. Petropoulos, and D. J. Richardson, "Extruded singlemode, High-nonlinearity, tellurite glass holey fibre," Electron. Lett. 41, 835-837 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. T. Soifer and J. L. Pipher, "Instrumentation for Infrared Astronomy," Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 16, 335-369 (1978). [CrossRef]
- J. H. V. Price, T. M. Monro, H. Ebendorff-Heidepreim, F. Poletti, P. Horak, V. Finazzi, Y. Y. Leong, P. Petropolis, J. C. Flanagan, G. Brambilla, X. Feng, and D. J. Richardson, "Mid-IR supercontinuum generation from nonsilica microstructured optical fibers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 13, 738-750 (2007). [CrossRef]
- C. Xia, M. Kumar, M. -Y. Cheng, R. S. Hegde, M. N. Islam, A. Galvanauskas, H. G. Winful, F. L. TerryJr., M. J. Freeman, M. Poulain, and G. Mazé, "Power scalable mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in ZBLAN fluoride fibers with up to 1.3 watts time-averaged power," Opt. Express 15, 865-871 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xia, M. Kumar, O. P. Kulkarni, M. N. Islam, F. L. Terry Jr., M. J. Freeman, M. Poulain, and G. Mazé, "Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation to 4.5 µm in ZBLAN fluoride fibers by nanosecond diode pumping," Opt. Lett. 31, 2553-2555 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. H. V. Price, T. M. Monro, H. Ebendorff-Heidepreim, F. Poletti, P. Horak, V. Finazzi, Y. Y. Leong, P. Petropolis, J. C. Flanagan, G. Brambilla, X. Feng, and D. J. Richardson, "Mid-IR supercontinuum generation from nonsilica microstructured optical fibers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 13, 738-750 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. H. V. Price, T. M. Monro, H. Ebendorff-Heidepreim, F. Poletti, P. Horak, V. Finazzi, Y. Y. Leong, P. Petropolis, J. C. Flanagan, G. Brambilla, X. Feng, and D. J. Richardson, "Mid-IR supercontinuum generation from nonsilica microstructured optical fibers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 13, 738-750 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. Feng, T. M. Monro, V. Finazzi, R. C. Moore, K. Frampton, P. Petropoulos, and D. J. Richardson, "Extruded singlemode, High-nonlinearity, tellurite glass holey fibre," Electron. Lett. 41, 835-837 (2005). [CrossRef]
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- P. Rolfe, "In vivo near-infrared spectroscopy", Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 02, 715-754 (2000). [CrossRef]
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- J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Korn, "Experimental evidence for supercontinuum generation by fission of higher-order solitons in photonic crystal fibers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901-1 -171901-4 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Korn, "Experimental evidence for supercontinuum generation by fission of higher-order solitons in photonic crystal fibers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901-1 -171901-4 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Opt. Express
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Phys. Rev. A
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2008, Ishizawa, Opt. Express
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- J. H. V. Price, T. M. Monro, H. Ebendorff-Heidepreim, F. Poletti, P. Horak, V. Finazzi, Y. Y. Leong, P. Petropolis, J. C. Flanagan, G. Brambilla, X. Feng, and D. J. Richardson, "Mid-IR supercontinuum generation from nonsilica microstructured optical fibers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 13, 738-750 (2007). [CrossRef]
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- X. Feng, T. M. Monro, V. Finazzi, R. C. Moore, K. Frampton, P. Petropoulos, and D. J. Richardson, "Extruded singlemode, High-nonlinearity, tellurite glass holey fibre," Electron. Lett. 41, 835-837 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. D. Monnier, "Optical interferometry in astronomy," Rep. Prog. Phys. 66, 789-857 (2003). [CrossRef]
- L. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. He, J. Lou, M. Shen, I. Z. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, "Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding," Nature 426, 816-819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Korn, "Experimental evidence for supercontinuum generation by fission of higher-order solitons in photonic crystal fibers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901-1 -171901-4 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. M. Monro, Y. D. West, D. W. Hewak, N. G. R. Broderick, and D. J. Richardson, "Chalcogenide holey fibres," Electron. Lett. 36, 1998-2000 (2000). [CrossRef]
- P. Rolfe, "In vivo near-infrared spectroscopy", Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 02, 715-754 (2000). [CrossRef]
- N. Akhmediev and M. Karlsson, "Cherenkov radiation emitted by solitons in optical fibers," Phys. Rev. A 51, 2602 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. G. Cohen, "Comparison of single-mode fiber dispersion measurement techniques," J. Lightwave Tech. 6958-966 (1985). [CrossRef]
- B. T. Soifer and J. L. Pipher, "Instrumentation for Infrared Astronomy," Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 16, 335-369 (1978). [CrossRef]
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