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Negative index short-slab pair and continuous wires metamaterials in the far infrared regime
T. F. Gundogdu, N. Katsarakis, M. Kafesaki, R. S. Penciu, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis »View Author Affiliations
1Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
2Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
3Science Department, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Greece
4Department of Physics, University of Crete, Greece
5Ames Laboratory-USDOE, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
*Corresponding author: tamara@iesl.forth.gr
Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 12, pp. 9173-9180 (2008)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.009173
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Abstract
Using transmission and reflection measurements under normal incidence in one and three layers of a µm-scale metamaterial consisting of pairs of short-slabs and continuous wires, fabricated by a photolithography procedure, we demonstrate the occurrence of a negative refractive index regime in the far infrared range, ~2.4–3 THz. The negative index behavior in that system at ~2.4–3 THz is further confirmed by associated simulations, which are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results.
© 2008 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(220.4000) Optical design and fabrication : Microstructure fabrication
(260.3090) Physical optics : Infrared, far
(260.5740) Physical optics : Resonance
(160.3918) Materials : Metamaterials
ToC Category:
Metamaterials
History
Original Manuscript: February 13, 2008
Revised Manuscript: April 22, 2008
Manuscript Accepted: April 23, 2008
Published: June 6, 2008
Citation
T. F. Gundogdu, N. Katsarakis, M. Kafesaki, R. S. Penciu, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index short-slab pair and continuous wires metamaterials in the far infrared regime," Opt. Express 16, 9173-9180 (2008)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-12-9173
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References
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- K. Guven, A. O. Cakmak, M. D. Caliskan, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Bilayer metamaterial: Analysis of left-handed transmission and retrieval of effective parameter," J. Opt. A. Pure Appl. Opt. 9, S361-S365 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. Guven, A. O. Cakmak, M. D. Caliskan, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Bilayer metamaterial: Analysis of left-handed transmission and retrieval of effective parameter," J. Opt. A. Pure Appl. Opt. 9, S361-S365 (2007). [CrossRef]
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- R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, T. F. Gundogdu, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Theoretical study of left-handed behavior of composite metamaterials," Photon. Nanostruct. 4, 1216 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, E. Ozbay, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Left- and right-handed transmission peaks near the magnetic resonance frequency in composite metamaterials," Phys. Rev. B 70, 201101(R) (2004). [CrossRef]
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- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, S. Burger, L. Zschiedrich, E. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 Terahertz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303, 1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Gay-Balmaz and O. J. F. Martin, "Electromagnetic resonances in individual and coupled split-ring resonators," J. Appl. Phys. 92, 2929 (2002). [CrossRef]
- T. F. Gundogdu, M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Simulation and micro-fabrication of optically switchable split ring resonators," Photon. Nanostruct. 5, 106112 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103-1-4 (2006). [CrossRef]
- C. G. Parazzoli, R. B. Greegor, K. Li, B. E. Koltenbah, and M. Tanielian, "Experimental verification and simulation of negative index of refraction using Snell???s Law," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 107401 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Li, S. J. McLean, R. B. Gregor, C. G. Parazzoli, and M. Tanielian, "Free-space focused-beam characterization of left handed materials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2535 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. F. Gundogdu, M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Simulation and micro-fabrication of optically switchable split ring resonators," Photon. Nanostruct. 5, 106112 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. Guven, A. O. Cakmak, M. D. Caliskan, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Bilayer metamaterial: Analysis of left-handed transmission and retrieval of effective parameter," J. Opt. A. Pure Appl. Opt. 9, S361-S365 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, T. F. Gundogdu, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Theoretical study of left-handed behavior of composite metamaterials," Photon. Nanostruct. 4, 1216 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. F. Gundogdu, I. Tsiapa, A. Kostopoulos, G. Konstantinidis, N. Katsarakis, R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative magnetic permeability in the far infrared frequency regime," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 084103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. Katsarakis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, R. S. Penciu, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far infrared frequency regime," Opt. Lett. 30, 1348 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. F. Gundogdu, M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Simulation and micro-fabrication of optically switchable split ring resonators," Photon. Nanostruct. 5, 106112 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. Guven, A. O. Cakmak, M. D. Caliskan, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Bilayer metamaterial: Analysis of left-handed transmission and retrieval of effective parameter," J. Opt. A. Pure Appl. Opt. 9, S361-S365 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. Guven, M. D. Caliskan, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental Observation of left-handed transmission in bilayer metamaterial under normal-to-plane propagation," Opt. Express 14, 8685 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Observation of negative refraction and negative phase velocity in left-handed metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, L. Zhang, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peaks in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 29, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103-1-4 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, A. Holden, D. Robbins, and W. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, A. Holden, W. Stewart, and I. Youngs, "Extremely low frequency plasmons in mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. A. Houck, J. B. Brock, and I. L. Chuang, "Experimental observations of a left handed material that obeys Snell???s law," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 137401 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. F. Gundogdu, M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Simulation and micro-fabrication of optically switchable split ring resonators," Photon. Nanostruct. 5, 106112 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. Guven, A. O. Cakmak, M. D. Caliskan, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Bilayer metamaterial: Analysis of left-handed transmission and retrieval of effective parameter," J. Opt. A. Pure Appl. Opt. 9, S361-S365 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, T. F. Gundogdu, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Theoretical study of left-handed behavior of composite metamaterials," Photon. Nanostruct. 4, 1216 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. F. Gundogdu, I. Tsiapa, A. Kostopoulos, G. Konstantinidis, N. Katsarakis, R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative magnetic permeability in the far infrared frequency regime," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 084103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. Katsarakis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, R. S. Penciu, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far infrared frequency regime," Opt. Lett. 30, 1348 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Electric coupling to the magnetic resonance of split ring resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2943 (2004). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, L. Zhang, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peaks in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 29, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103-1-4 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, E. Ozbay, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Left- and right-handed transmission peaks near the magnetic resonance frequency in composite metamaterials," Phys. Rev. B 70, 201101(R) (2004). [CrossRef]
- T. F. Gundogdu, I. Tsiapa, A. Kostopoulos, G. Konstantinidis, N. Katsarakis, R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative magnetic permeability in the far infrared frequency regime," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 084103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. Katsarakis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, R. S. Penciu, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far infrared frequency regime," Opt. Lett. 30, 1348 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Electric coupling to the magnetic resonance of split ring resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2943 (2004). [CrossRef]
- N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, E. Ozbay, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Left- and right-handed transmission peaks near the magnetic resonance frequency in composite metamaterials," Phys. Rev. B 70, 201101(R) (2004). [CrossRef]
- C. G. Parazzoli, R. B. Greegor, K. Li, B. E. Koltenbah, and M. Tanielian, "Experimental verification and simulation of negative index of refraction using Snell???s Law," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 107401 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. F. Gundogdu, I. Tsiapa, A. Kostopoulos, G. Konstantinidis, N. Katsarakis, R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative magnetic permeability in the far infrared frequency regime," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 084103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. Katsarakis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, R. S. Penciu, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far infrared frequency regime," Opt. Lett. 30, 1348 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. Katsarakis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, R. S. Penciu, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far infrared frequency regime," Opt. Lett. 30, 1348 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 Terahertz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Electric coupling to the magnetic resonance of split ring resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2943 (2004). [CrossRef]
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- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 Terahertz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, S. Shultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients," Phys. Rev. B 65, 195104 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Bayindir, K. Aydin, E. Ozbay, P. Markoš, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Transmission properties of composite meta materials in free space," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 120 (2002). [CrossRef]
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- H. O. Moser, B. D. F. Casse, O. Wilhelmi, and B. T. Saw, "Terahertz response of a microfabricated rod-split ring resonator electromagnetic material," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 063901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001). [CrossRef]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. F. Gundogdu, M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Simulation and micro-fabrication of optically switchable split ring resonators," Photon. Nanostruct. 5, 106112 (2007). [CrossRef]
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- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- R. B. Gregor, C. G. Parazzoli, C. K. Li, B. E. C. Koltenbah, and M. Tanielian, "Experimental determination and numerical simulation of the properties of negative index of refraction materials," Opt. Express 11, 688 (2003). [CrossRef]
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- R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, T. F. Gundogdu, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Theoretical study of left-handed behavior of composite metamaterials," Photon. Nanostruct. 4, 1216 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science 292, 77 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science 292, 77 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001). [CrossRef]
- D. R. Smith, S. Shultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients," Phys. Rev. B 65, 195104 (2002). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303, 1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, S. Shultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients," Phys. Rev. B 65, 195104 (2002). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science 292, 77 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, T. F. Gundogdu, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Theoretical study of left-handed behavior of composite metamaterials," Photon. Nanostruct. 4, 1216 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- M. W. Klein, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Single-slit split-ring resonators at optical frequencies: limits of size scaling," Opt. Lett. 31, 1259-1261 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, S. Burger, L. Zschiedrich, E. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Katsarakis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, R. S. Penciu, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far infrared frequency regime," Opt. Lett. 30, 1348 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Observation of negative refraction and negative phase velocity in left-handed metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, L. Zhang, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peaks in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 29, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 Terahertz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Electric coupling to the magnetic resonance of split ring resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2943 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Bayindir, K. Aydin, E. Ozbay, P. Markoš, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Transmission properties of composite meta materials in free space," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 120 (2002). [CrossRef]
- D. R. Smith, S. Shultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients," Phys. Rev. B 65, 195104 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103-1-4 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Klein, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Single-slit split-ring resonators at optical frequencies: limits of size scaling," Opt. Lett. 31, 1259-1261 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, S. Burger, L. Zschiedrich, E. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 Terahertz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. O. Moser, B. D. F. Casse, O. Wilhelmi, and B. T. Saw, "Terahertz response of a microfabricated rod-split ring resonator electromagnetic material," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 063901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303, 1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Pendry, A. Holden, W. Stewart, and I. Youngs, "Extremely low frequency plasmons in mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B 73, 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, L. Zhang, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peaks in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 29, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303, 1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, E. N. Economou, Th. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Unifing approach to left-handed material design," Opt. Lett. 31, 3620 (2006) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B 73, 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, S. Burger, L. Zschiedrich, E. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 Terahertz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, S. Burger, L. Zschiedrich, E. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- K. Li, S. J. McLean, R. B. Gregor, C. G. Parazzoli, and M. Tanielian, "Free-space focused-beam characterization of left handed materials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2535 (2003). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001). [CrossRef]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Observation of negative refraction and negative phase velocity in left-handed metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Bayindir, K. Aydin, E. Ozbay, P. Markoš, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Transmission properties of composite meta materials in free space," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 120 (2002). [CrossRef]
- N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Electric coupling to the magnetic resonance of split ring resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2943 (2004). [CrossRef]
- T. F. Gundogdu, I. Tsiapa, A. Kostopoulos, G. Konstantinidis, N. Katsarakis, R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative magnetic permeability in the far infrared frequency regime," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 084103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.
- J. B. Pendry, A. Holden, D. Robbins, and W. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999). [CrossRef]
J. Appl. Phys.
- P. Gay-Balmaz and O. J. F. Martin, "Electromagnetic resonances in individual and coupled split-ring resonators," J. Appl. Phys. 92, 2929 (2002). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. A. Pure Appl. Opt.
- K. Guven, A. O. Cakmak, M. D. Caliskan, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Bilayer metamaterial: Analysis of left-handed transmission and retrieval of effective parameter," J. Opt. A. Pure Appl. Opt. 9, S361-S365 (2007). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- K. Guven, M. D. Caliskan, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental Observation of left-handed transmission in bilayer metamaterial under normal-to-plane propagation," Opt. Express 14, 8685 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. B. Gregor, C. G. Parazzoli, C. K. Li, B. E. C. Koltenbah, and M. Tanielian, "Experimental determination and numerical simulation of the properties of negative index of refraction materials," Opt. Express 11, 688 (2003). [CrossRef]
Opt. Lett.
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, L. Zhang, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peaks in metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 29, 2623 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Katsarakis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, R. S. Penciu, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far infrared frequency regime," Opt. Lett. 30, 1348 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, E. N. Economou, Th. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Unifing approach to left-handed material design," Opt. Lett. 31, 3620 (2006) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. M. Shalaev, W. S. Cai, U. K. Chettiar, H. K. Yuan, A. K. Sarychev, V. P. Drachev, and A. V. Kildishev, " Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials," Opt. Lett. 30, 3356 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. W. Klein, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Single-slit split-ring resonators at optical frequencies: limits of size scaling," Opt. Lett. 31, 1259-1261 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Photon. Nanostruct.
- T. F. Gundogdu, M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Simulation and micro-fabrication of optically switchable split ring resonators," Photon. Nanostruct. 5, 106112 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, T. F. Gundogdu, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Theoretical study of left-handed behavior of composite metamaterials," Photon. Nanostruct. 4, 1216 (2006). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. B
- D. R. Smith, S. Shultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients," Phys. Rev. B 65, 195104 (2002). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B 73, 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- H. O. Moser, B. D. F. Casse, O. Wilhelmi, and B. T. Saw, "Terahertz response of a microfabricated rod-split ring resonator electromagnetic material," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 063901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, S. Burger, L. Zschiedrich, E. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Pendry, A. Holden, W. Stewart, and I. Youngs, "Extremely low frequency plasmons in mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. G. Parazzoli, R. B. Greegor, K. Li, B. E. Koltenbah, and M. Tanielian, "Experimental verification and simulation of negative index of refraction using Snell???s Law," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 107401 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. A. Houck, J. B. Brock, and I. L. Chuang, "Experimental observations of a left handed material that obeys Snell???s law," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 137401 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Pendry, "Negative refraction makes a perfect lens," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Science
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science 292, 77 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 Terahertz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303, 1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Sov. Phys. Usp.
- V. G. Veselago, "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of permittivity and permeability," Sov. Phys. Usp. 10, 504 (1968). [CrossRef]
Other
- M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, I. Bulu, K. Aydin, R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100GHz," Phys. Rev. B 73, 193103-1-4 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, E. Ozbay, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Left- and right-handed transmission peaks near the magnetic resonance frequency in composite metamaterials," Phys. Rev. B 70, 201101(R) (2004). [CrossRef]
2007, Gundogdu, Photon. Nanostruct.
- T. F. Gundogdu, M. Gökkavas, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Simulation and micro-fabrication of optically switchable split ring resonators," Photon. Nanostruct. 5, 106112 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. Guven, A. O. Cakmak, M. D. Caliskan, T. F. Gundogdu, M. Kafesaki, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Bilayer metamaterial: Analysis of left-handed transmission and retrieval of effective parameter," J. Opt. A. Pure Appl. Opt. 9, S361-S365 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, T. F. Gundogdu, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Theoretical study of left-handed behavior of composite metamaterials," Photon. Nanostruct. 4, 1216 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. F. Gundogdu, I. Tsiapa, A. Kostopoulos, G. Konstantinidis, N. Katsarakis, R. S. Penciu, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative magnetic permeability in the far infrared frequency regime," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 084103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B 73, 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 221103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. O. Moser, B. D. F. Casse, O. Wilhelmi, and B. T. Saw, "Terahertz response of a microfabricated rod-split ring resonator electromagnetic material," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 063901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, S. Linden, S. Burger, L. Zschiedrich, E. Schmidt, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203901 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Aydin, K. Guven, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. Ozbay, "Observation of negative refraction and negative phase velocity in left-handed metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang, "Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials," Science 303, 1494 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 Terahertz," Science 306, 1351 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Electric coupling to the magnetic resonance of split ring resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2943 (2004). [CrossRef]
- K. Li, S. J. McLean, R. B. Gregor, C. G. Parazzoli, and M. Tanielian, "Free-space focused-beam characterization of left handed materials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2535 (2003). [CrossRef]
- C. G. Parazzoli, R. B. Greegor, K. Li, B. E. Koltenbah, and M. Tanielian, "Experimental verification and simulation of negative index of refraction using Snell???s Law," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 107401 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. A. Houck, J. B. Brock, and I. L. Chuang, "Experimental observations of a left handed material that obeys Snell???s law," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 137401 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Bayindir, K. Aydin, E. Ozbay, P. Markoš, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Transmission properties of composite meta materials in free space," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 120 (2002). [CrossRef]
- D. R. Smith, S. Shultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients," Phys. Rev. B 65, 195104 (2002). [CrossRef]
- P. Gay-Balmaz and O. J. F. Martin, "Electromagnetic resonances in individual and coupled split-ring resonators," J. Appl. Phys. 92, 2929 (2002). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science 292, 77 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic left-handed metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, "Negative refraction makes a perfect lens," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Pendry, A. Holden, D. Robbins, and W. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, A. Holden, W. Stewart, and I. Youngs, "Extremely low frequency plasmons in mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. G. Veselago, "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of permittivity and permeability," Sov. Phys. Usp. 10, 504 (1968). [CrossRef]
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