A long x-ray pathway based on an x-ray back-diffraction cavity for coherent x-ray beam experiments is presented. In the present work, such a setup was tested and used for propagation-based x-ray phase contrast imaging (PBI). This setup showed to be useful for PBI purposes, with the advantage of being compact (3 m long) when compared with long x-ray synchrotron beamlines with dimensions from tens to hundreds of meters.

© 2008 Optical Society of America

1. P. Modregger, D. Lubbert, P. Schafer, and R. Kohler, "Magnified x-ray phase imaging using asymmetric Bragg reflection: Experimental and theory," Phys. Rev. B 74, art. no. 054107 (2006). [CrossRef]
2. M. G. Hönnicke and C. Cusatis, "Analyzer-based x-ray phase contrast microscopy combining channel-cut and asymmetrically-cut crystals," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, art. No. 113708 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. A. Souvorov, M. Drakopoulos, I. Snigireva, and A. Snigirev, "Asymmetrically cut crystals as optical elements for coherent x-ray beam conditioning," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 32, A184-A192 (1999). [CrossRef]
4. J. I. Espeso, P. Cloetens, J. Baruchel, J. Hartwig, T. Mairs, J. C. Biasci, G. Marot, M. Salomé-Pateyron, and M. Schlenker, "Conserving the coherence and uniformity of third-generation synchrotron radiation beams: the Case of ID19, a ???long??? beamline at the ESRF," J. Synchrotron Rad. 5, 1243-1249 (1998). [CrossRef]
5. M. G. Hönnicke, E. M. Kakuno, J Manica, and C. Cusatis, "Propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging with broad focus conventional x-ray sources," arXiv:0710.1286v1 [cond-mat.other] (2007), http://arxiv.org/abs/0710.1286
6. Y. Chaimanee, D. Jolly, M. Benammi, P. Tafforeau, D. Duzer, I. Moussa, and J. J. Jaeger, "A Middle Miocene hominoid from Thailand and orangutan origins," Nature 422, 61-65 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. P.C. J. Donogue, S. Bengston, X.-P. Dong, N. J. Gostling, T. Huldtgren, J. A. Cunningham, C. Yin, Z. Yue, F. Peng, and M. Stampanoni, "Synchrotron x-ray tomographic microscopy of fossil embryos," Nature 442, 680-683 (2006). [CrossRef]
8. M. W. Westneat, O. Betz, R. W. Blob, K. Fezzaa, W. J. Cooper, and W.-K. Lee, "Tracheal respiration in insects visualized with synchrotron X-ray imaging," Science 299, 558-560 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. M. G. Hönnicke, L. A. Foerster, M. A. Navarro-Silva, R. H. Menk, L. Rigon, and C. Cusatis, "Preliminary studies of enhanced contrast radiography in anatomy and embryology of insects with Elettra synchrotron light," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 548, 207-212 (2005). [CrossRef]
10. R. E. Johnston, D. Washburn, E. Pisano, C. Burns, W. C. Thomlinson, L. D. Chapman, F. Arfelli, N. F. Gmur, Z. Zhong, and D. Sayers, "Mammographic phantom studies with synchrotron radiation," Radiology 200, 659-663 (1996). [PubMed]
11. A. Antunes, A. M. V. Safatle, P. S. M. Barros, and S.L. Morelhão, "X-ray imaging in advanced studies of ophthalmic diseases," Med. Phys. 33, 2338-2343 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. P. Cloetens, M. Pateyron-Salome, J. Y. Buffiere, G. Peix, J. Baruchel, F. Peyrin, and M. Schlenker, "Observation of microstructure and damage in materials by phase sensitive radiography and tomography," J. Appl. Phys. 81, 5878-5886 (1997). [CrossRef]
13. J. Baruchel, J. Y. Buffiere, P. Cloetens, M. Di Michiel, E. Ferrie, W. Ludwig, E. Marie, and L. Salvo, "Advances in synchrotron radiation microtomography," Scr. Mater. 55, 41-46 (2006). [CrossRef]
14. M. Ando and S. Hosoya, "An attempt at x-ray phase-contrast microscopy," Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on X-ray optics and Microanalysis, edited by G. Shinoda et al. (University of Tokio Press), Tokio, p. 63-68 (1972).
15. F. Pfeifer, T. Weitkamp, O. Bunk, and C. David, "Phase retrieval and differential phase-contrast imaging with low-brilliance X-ray sources," Nat. Phys. 2, 258-261 (2006). [CrossRef]
16. S. W. Wilkins, T. E. Gureyev, D. Gao, A. Pogany, and A. W. Stevenson, "Phase-contrast imaging using polychromatic hard X-rays," Nature 384, 335-338 (1996). [CrossRef]
17. E. Förster, K. Goetz K, and P. Zaumseil, "Double crystal diffractometry for the characterization of targets for laser fusion experiments," Krist. Tech. 15, 937-945 (1980). [CrossRef]
18. T. J. Davis, D. Gao, T. E. Gureyev, A. W. Stevenson, and S. W. Wilkins, "Phase-contrast imaging of weakly absorbing materials using hard x-rays," Nature 373, 595-598 (1995). [CrossRef]
19. T. Tanaka, C. Honda, S. Matsue, K. Noma, H. Ohara, N. Nitta, S. Ota, K. Tsuchiya, A. Yamada, M. Yamasaki, A. Furukawa, M. Takahashi, and K. Murata, "The first trial of phase contrast imaging for digital full-field mammography using a practical molybdenum x-ray tube," Invest. Radiol. 40, 385-396 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. J. Jakubek, C. Granja, J. Dammer, R. Hanus, T. Holy, S. Pospisil, R. Tykva, J. Uher, and Z. Vykydal. "Phase contrast enhanced high resolution x-ray imaging and tomography of soft tissue," Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 571, 69-72 (2007). [CrossRef]
21. A. Snigirev, I. Snigireva, V. Kohn, S. Kuznetsov, and I. Schelokov, "On the possibilities of x-ray phase contrast microimaging by coherent high-energy synchrotron radiation," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 5486-5492 (1995). [CrossRef]
22. A. Caticha and S. Caticha-Ellis, "Dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction at Bragg angles near pi/2," Phys. Rev. B 25, 971-982 (1982). [CrossRef]
23. C. Cusatis, D. Udron, I. Mazzaro, C. Giles, and H. Tolentino, "X-ray back-diffraction profiles with an Si(111) plate," Acta Cryst. A 52, 614-620 (1996). [CrossRef]
24. M. G. Hönnicke, E. M. Kakuno, I. Mazzaro, and C. Cusatis, "A new method to detect an x-ray diffracted beam at an angle of 90º," J. Appl. Cryst. 37, 451-454 (2004). [CrossRef]
25. S. L. Chang, Y. P. Stetsko, M. T. Tang, Y. R. Lee, W. H. Sun, M. Yabashi, and T. Ishikawa, "X-ray resonance in crystal cavities: realization of fabry-perot resonator for hard x-rays," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, art. no. 174801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
26. Y. V. Shvyd???ko, M. Lerche, W. C. Wille, E. Gerdau, M. Lucht, H. D. Ruter, E. E. Alp, and R. Khachatryan, "X-ray interferometry with microelectronvolt resolution," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, art. no. 013904 (2003). [PubMed]
27. J. P. Sutter, E. E. Alp, M. Y. Hu, P. L. Lee, H. Sinn, W. Sturhahn, T. S. Toellner, G. Bortel, and R. Colella, "Multiple-beam x-ray diffraction near exact backscattering in silicon," Phys. Rev. B 63, art. no. 094111 (2001). [CrossRef]
28. K. Munakata and A. Okazaki, "Ultra-high-angle double crystal x-ray diffraction (U-HADOX) for determining a change in the lattice spacing: experiment," Acta Cryst. A 60, 33-39 (2004). [CrossRef]
29. C. Giles, C. Adriano, A. F. Lubambo, C. Cusatis, I. Mazzaro, and M. G. Hönnicke, "Diamond thermal expansion measurement using transmitted x-ray back-diffraction," J. Synchr. Rad. 12, 349-353 (2005). [CrossRef]
30. H. C. Wille, Y. V. Shvyd???ko, E. Gerdau, M. Lerche, M. Lucht, H. D. Ruter, and J. Zegenhagen, "Anomalous isotopic effect on the lattice parameter of silicon," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, art. no. 285901 (2002). [CrossRef]
31. M. Y. Hu, H. Sinn, A. Alatas, W. Sturhahn, E. E. Alp, H. -C. Wille, Yu. V. Shvyd???ko, J. P. Sutter, J. Bandaru, E. E. Haller, V. I. Ozhgin, S. Rodriguez, R. Colella, E. Kartheuser, and M. A. Villeret, "Effect of isotopic composition on the lattice parameter of germanium measured by x-ray backscattering," Phys. Rev. B 67, art. no. 113306 (2003). [CrossRef]
32. F. Arfelli, A. Bravin, G. Barbiellini, G. Cantarore, E. Castelli, M. Di Michiel, P. Poropat, R. Rosei, M. Sessa, A. Vacchi, L. Dalla Palma, R. Longo, S. Bernstorff, A. Savoia, and G. Tromba, "Digital mammography with synchrotron radiation," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 1325-1328 (1995). [CrossRef]
33. M. G. Hönnicke, G. Kellerman, H. S. Rocha, C. Giles, G. Tirao, I. Mazzaro, R. T. Lopes, and C. Cusatis, "Enhanced contrast radiography with channel-cut crystals at LNLS," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, art. no.093703 (2005). [CrossRef]

Acta Cryst. A

• C. Cusatis, D. Udron, I. Mazzaro, C. Giles, and H. Tolentino, "X-ray back-diffraction profiles with an Si(111) plate," Acta Cryst. A 52, 614-620 (1996). [CrossRef]
• K. Munakata and A. Okazaki, "Ultra-high-angle double crystal x-ray diffraction (U-HADOX) for determining a change in the lattice spacing: experiment," Acta Cryst. A 60, 33-39 (2004). [CrossRef]

Invest. Radiol.

• T. Tanaka, C. Honda, S. Matsue, K. Noma, H. Ohara, N. Nitta, S. Ota, K. Tsuchiya, A. Yamada, M. Yamasaki, A. Furukawa, M. Takahashi, and K. Murata, "The first trial of phase contrast imaging for digital full-field mammography using a practical molybdenum x-ray tube," Invest. Radiol. 40, 385-396 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Appl. Cryst.

• M. G. Hönnicke, E. M. Kakuno, I. Mazzaro, and C. Cusatis, "A new method to detect an x-ray diffracted beam at an angle of 90º," J. Appl. Cryst. 37, 451-454 (2004). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

• P. Cloetens, M. Pateyron-Salome, J. Y. Buffiere, G. Peix, J. Baruchel, F. Peyrin, and M. Schlenker, "Observation of microstructure and damage in materials by phase sensitive radiography and tomography," J. Appl. Phys. 81, 5878-5886 (1997). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

• A. Souvorov, M. Drakopoulos, I. Snigireva, and A. Snigirev, "Asymmetrically cut crystals as optical elements for coherent x-ray beam conditioning," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 32, A184-A192 (1999). [CrossRef]

J. Synchr. Rad.

• C. Giles, C. Adriano, A. F. Lubambo, C. Cusatis, I. Mazzaro, and M. G. Hönnicke, "Diamond thermal expansion measurement using transmitted x-ray back-diffraction," J. Synchr. Rad. 12, 349-353 (2005). [CrossRef]

J. Synchrotron Rad.

• J. I. Espeso, P. Cloetens, J. Baruchel, J. Hartwig, T. Mairs, J. C. Biasci, G. Marot, M. Salomé-Pateyron, and M. Schlenker, "Conserving the coherence and uniformity of third-generation synchrotron radiation beams: the Case of ID19, a ???long??? beamline at the ESRF," J. Synchrotron Rad. 5, 1243-1249 (1998). [CrossRef]

Krist. Tech.

• E. Förster, K. Goetz K, and P. Zaumseil, "Double crystal diffractometry for the characterization of targets for laser fusion experiments," Krist. Tech. 15, 937-945 (1980). [CrossRef]

Med. Phys.

• A. Antunes, A. M. V. Safatle, P. S. M. Barros, and S.L. Morelhão, "X-ray imaging in advanced studies of ophthalmic diseases," Med. Phys. 33, 2338-2343 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Phys.

• F. Pfeifer, T. Weitkamp, O. Bunk, and C. David, "Phase retrieval and differential phase-contrast imaging with low-brilliance X-ray sources," Nat. Phys. 2, 258-261 (2006). [CrossRef]

Nature

• S. W. Wilkins, T. E. Gureyev, D. Gao, A. Pogany, and A. W. Stevenson, "Phase-contrast imaging using polychromatic hard X-rays," Nature 384, 335-338 (1996). [CrossRef]
• T. J. Davis, D. Gao, T. E. Gureyev, A. W. Stevenson, and S. W. Wilkins, "Phase-contrast imaging of weakly absorbing materials using hard x-rays," Nature 373, 595-598 (1995). [CrossRef]
• Y. Chaimanee, D. Jolly, M. Benammi, P. Tafforeau, D. Duzer, I. Moussa, and J. J. Jaeger, "A Middle Miocene hominoid from Thailand and orangutan origins," Nature 422, 61-65 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• P.C. J. Donogue, S. Bengston, X.-P. Dong, N. J. Gostling, T. Huldtgren, J. A. Cunningham, C. Yin, Z. Yue, F. Peng, and M. Stampanoni, "Synchrotron x-ray tomographic microscopy of fossil embryos," Nature 442, 680-683 (2006). [CrossRef]

Nucl. Instrum. Methods A

• J. Jakubek, C. Granja, J. Dammer, R. Hanus, T. Holy, S. Pospisil, R. Tykva, J. Uher, and Z. Vykydal. "Phase contrast enhanced high resolution x-ray imaging and tomography of soft tissue," Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 571, 69-72 (2007). [CrossRef]

Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A

• M. G. Hönnicke, L. A. Foerster, M. A. Navarro-Silva, R. H. Menk, L. Rigon, and C. Cusatis, "Preliminary studies of enhanced contrast radiography in anatomy and embryology of insects with Elettra synchrotron light," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 548, 207-212 (2005). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. B

• P. Modregger, D. Lubbert, P. Schafer, and R. Kohler, "Magnified x-ray phase imaging using asymmetric Bragg reflection: Experimental and theory," Phys. Rev. B 74, art. no. 054107 (2006). [CrossRef]
• A. Caticha and S. Caticha-Ellis, "Dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction at Bragg angles near pi/2," Phys. Rev. B 25, 971-982 (1982). [CrossRef]
• M. Y. Hu, H. Sinn, A. Alatas, W. Sturhahn, E. E. Alp, H. -C. Wille, Yu. V. Shvyd???ko, J. P. Sutter, J. Bandaru, E. E. Haller, V. I. Ozhgin, S. Rodriguez, R. Colella, E. Kartheuser, and M. A. Villeret, "Effect of isotopic composition on the lattice parameter of germanium measured by x-ray backscattering," Phys. Rev. B 67, art. no. 113306 (2003). [CrossRef]
• J. P. Sutter, E. E. Alp, M. Y. Hu, P. L. Lee, H. Sinn, W. Sturhahn, T. S. Toellner, G. Bortel, and R. Colella, "Multiple-beam x-ray diffraction near exact backscattering in silicon," Phys. Rev. B 63, art. no. 094111 (2001). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

• H. C. Wille, Y. V. Shvyd???ko, E. Gerdau, M. Lerche, M. Lucht, H. D. Ruter, and J. Zegenhagen, "Anomalous isotopic effect on the lattice parameter of silicon," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, art. no. 285901 (2002). [CrossRef]
• S. L. Chang, Y. P. Stetsko, M. T. Tang, Y. R. Lee, W. H. Sun, M. Yabashi, and T. Ishikawa, "X-ray resonance in crystal cavities: realization of fabry-perot resonator for hard x-rays," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, art. no. 174801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• Y. V. Shvyd???ko, M. Lerche, W. C. Wille, E. Gerdau, M. Lucht, H. D. Ruter, E. E. Alp, and R. Khachatryan, "X-ray interferometry with microelectronvolt resolution," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, art. no. 013904 (2003). [PubMed]

Radiology

• R. E. Johnston, D. Washburn, E. Pisano, C. Burns, W. C. Thomlinson, L. D. Chapman, F. Arfelli, N. F. Gmur, Z. Zhong, and D. Sayers, "Mammographic phantom studies with synchrotron radiation," Radiology 200, 659-663 (1996). [PubMed]

Rev. Sci. Instrum.

• M. G. Hönnicke and C. Cusatis, "Analyzer-based x-ray phase contrast microscopy combining channel-cut and asymmetrically-cut crystals," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, art. No. 113708 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• A. Snigirev, I. Snigireva, V. Kohn, S. Kuznetsov, and I. Schelokov, "On the possibilities of x-ray phase contrast microimaging by coherent high-energy synchrotron radiation," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 5486-5492 (1995). [CrossRef]
• F. Arfelli, A. Bravin, G. Barbiellini, G. Cantarore, E. Castelli, M. Di Michiel, P. Poropat, R. Rosei, M. Sessa, A. Vacchi, L. Dalla Palma, R. Longo, S. Bernstorff, A. Savoia, and G. Tromba, "Digital mammography with synchrotron radiation," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 1325-1328 (1995). [CrossRef]
• M. G. Hönnicke, G. Kellerman, H. S. Rocha, C. Giles, G. Tirao, I. Mazzaro, R. T. Lopes, and C. Cusatis, "Enhanced contrast radiography with channel-cut crystals at LNLS," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, art. no.093703 (2005). [CrossRef]

Science

• M. W. Westneat, O. Betz, R. W. Blob, K. Fezzaa, W. J. Cooper, and W.-K. Lee, "Tracheal respiration in insects visualized with synchrotron X-ray imaging," Science 299, 558-560 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Scr. Mater.

• J. Baruchel, J. Y. Buffiere, P. Cloetens, M. Di Michiel, E. Ferrie, W. Ludwig, E. Marie, and L. Salvo, "Advances in synchrotron radiation microtomography," Scr. Mater. 55, 41-46 (2006). [CrossRef]

Other

• M. Ando and S. Hosoya, "An attempt at x-ray phase-contrast microscopy," Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on X-ray optics and Microanalysis, edited by G. Shinoda et al. (University of Tokio Press), Tokio, p. 63-68 (1972).
• M. G. Hönnicke, E. M. Kakuno, J Manica, and C. Cusatis, "Propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging with broad focus conventional x-ray sources," arXiv:0710.1286v1 [cond-mat.other] (2007), http://arxiv.org/abs/0710.1286

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