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Longitudinal coherence of organic-based microcavity lasers
Andrea Camposeo, Luana Persano, Pompilio Del Carro, Dimitris G. Papazoglou, Andreas Stassinopoulos, Demetrios Anglos, Roberto Cingolani, and Dario Pisignano »View Author Affiliations
1National Nanotechnology Laboratory of INFM-CNR, c/o Distretto Tecnologico, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce (Italy)
2Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 71110, Heraklion, Greece
3Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
4Department of Physics, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
5Scuola Superiore ISUFI, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce (Italy)
*Corresponding author: andrea.camposeo@unile.it
Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 14, pp. 10384-10389 (2008)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.010384
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Abstract
We report on the measurement of the longitudinal coherence of organic microcavity lasers based on a conjugated polymer. By using a modified Michelson interferometer configuration enabling single-shot measurements of the coherence length, the transition from spontaneous emission to lasing is investigated. The measured coherence length grows upon increasing the pumping fluence, saturating around 45 µm above threshold. At large fluences, possible thermal and photo-oxidation processes occurring in the gain medium limit the further increase of the coherence length. Our results are important for understanding lasing emission in organic microcavities and optimizing the device design and performances.
© 2008 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(030.1640) Coherence and statistical optics : Coherence
(160.4890) Materials : Organic materials
(140.3945) Lasers and laser optics : Microcavities
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: January 25, 2008
Revised Manuscript: March 13, 2008
Manuscript Accepted: May 5, 2008
Published: June 27, 2008
Citation
Andrea Camposeo, Luana Persano, Pompilio Del Carro, Dimitris G. Papazoglou, Andreas Stassinopoulos, Demetrios Anglos, Roberto Cingolani, and Dario Pisignano, "Longitudinal coherence of organic-based microcavity lasers," Opt. Express 16, 10384-10389 (2008)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-14-10384
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References
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- For sake of comparison, we recall that the maximum coherence length here measured is an order of magnitude lower than the value reported in Ref. [16] for a phenyl-substituted poly-(p-phenylenevinylene) polymer placed in an external cavity. In that system, a higher Q-factor (~1500) was achieved, leading to a cavity photon lifetime around 0.5 ps and hence to a longer coherence length, since lc�??�?c.
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- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. L. A. Chilla, B. Benware, M. E. Watson, P. Stanko, J. J. Rocca, C. Wilmsen, S. Feld, and R. Leibenguth, "Coherence of VCSEL�??s for holographic interconnects," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, 449-451 (1995). [CrossRef]
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- J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, P. L. Burns, R. H. Friend, and A. B. Holmes, "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers," Nature 347, 539-541 (1990). [CrossRef]
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- J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, P. L. Burns, R. H. Friend, and A. B. Holmes, "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers," Nature 347, 539-541 (1990). [CrossRef]
- J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, P. L. Burns, R. H. Friend, and A. B. Holmes, "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers," Nature 347, 539-541 (1990). [CrossRef]
- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Camposeo, L. Persano, P. Del Carro, T. Virgili, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Polarization splitting in organic-based microcavities working in the strong coupling regime," Org. Electron. 8, 114-119 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Very high-quality distributed Bragg reflectors for organic lasing applications by reactive electron-beam deposition," Opt. Express 14, 1951-1956 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-5-1951. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Persano, E. Mele, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Absolute luminescence efficiency and photonic band-gap effect of conjugated polymers with top-deposited distribute Bragg reflectors," Chem. Phys. Lett. 411, 316-320 (2005). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Low-threshold blue-emitting monolithic polymer vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, Art. N. 121111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. L. A. Chilla, B. Benware, M. E. Watson, P. Stanko, J. J. Rocca, C. Wilmsen, S. Feld, and R. Leibenguth, "Coherence of VCSEL�??s for holographic interconnects," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, 449-451 (1995). [CrossRef]
- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Camposeo, L. Persano, P. Del Carro, T. Virgili, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Polarization splitting in organic-based microcavities working in the strong coupling regime," Org. Electron. 8, 114-119 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Very high-quality distributed Bragg reflectors for organic lasing applications by reactive electron-beam deposition," Opt. Express 14, 1951-1956 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-5-1951. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Persano, E. Mele, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Absolute luminescence efficiency and photonic band-gap effect of conjugated polymers with top-deposited distribute Bragg reflectors," Chem. Phys. Lett. 411, 316-320 (2005). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Low-threshold blue-emitting monolithic polymer vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, Art. N. 121111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, D. Pisignano, M. Zavelani-Rossi, S. Longhi, and G. Lanzani, "Monolithic polymer microcavity lasers with on-top evaporated dielectric mirrors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, Art. N. 121110 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- A. Camposeo, L. Persano, P. Del Carro, T. Virgili, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Polarization splitting in organic-based microcavities working in the strong coupling regime," Org. Electron. 8, 114-119 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Very high-quality distributed Bragg reflectors for organic lasing applications by reactive electron-beam deposition," Opt. Express 14, 1951-1956 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-5-1951. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Persano, E. Mele, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Absolute luminescence efficiency and photonic band-gap effect of conjugated polymers with top-deposited distribute Bragg reflectors," Chem. Phys. Lett. 411, 316-320 (2005). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, D. Pisignano, M. Zavelani-Rossi, S. Longhi, and G. Lanzani, "Monolithic polymer microcavity lasers with on-top evaporated dielectric mirrors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, Art. N. 121110 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Low-threshold blue-emitting monolithic polymer vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, Art. N. 121111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. Tessler, G. J. Denton, and R. H. Friend, "Lasing from conjugated polymer microcavities," Nature 382, 695-697 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. L. A. Chilla, B. Benware, M. E. Watson, P. Stanko, J. J. Rocca, C. Wilmsen, S. Feld, and R. Leibenguth, "Coherence of VCSEL�??s for holographic interconnects," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, 449-451 (1995). [CrossRef]
- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Tessler, G. J. Denton, and R. H. Friend, "Lasing from conjugated polymer microcavities," Nature 382, 695-697 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, P. L. Burns, R. H. Friend, and A. B. Holmes, "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers," Nature 347, 539-541 (1990). [CrossRef]
- G. Wegmann, H. Giessen, A. Greiner, and R. F. Mahrt, "Laser emission from a solid conjugated polymer: Gain, tunability, and coherence," Phys. Rev. B 57, R4218-R4221 (1998). [CrossRef]
- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Wegmann, H. Giessen, A. Greiner, and R. F. Mahrt, "Laser emission from a solid conjugated polymer: Gain, tunability, and coherence," Phys. Rev. B 57, R4218-R4221 (1998). [CrossRef]
- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Jhe, A. Anderson, E. A. Hinds, D. Meschede, L. Moi, and S. Haroche, "Suppression of spontaneous decay at optical frequencies: Test of vacuum-field anisotropy in confined space," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 666-669 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. D. McGehee and A. J. Heeger, "Semiconducting (conjugated) polymers as materials for solid-state lasers," Adv. Mater. 12, 1655-1668 (2000). [CrossRef]
- W. Jhe, A. Anderson, E. A. Hinds, D. Meschede, L. Moi, and S. Haroche, "Suppression of spontaneous decay at optical frequencies: Test of vacuum-field anisotropy in confined space," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 666-669 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, P. L. Burns, R. H. Friend, and A. B. Holmes, "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers," Nature 347, 539-541 (1990). [CrossRef]
- M. Nomura, S. Iwamoto, N. Kumagai, and Y. Arakawa, "Temporal coherence of a photonic crystal nanocavity laser with high spontaneous emission coupling factor," Phys. Rev. B 75, Art. N. 195313 (2007). [CrossRef]
- F. De Martini and G. R. Jacobovitz, "Anomalous spontaneous-stimulated decay phase transition and zero-threshold laser action in a microscopic cavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1711-1714 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Jhe, A. Anderson, E. A. Hinds, D. Meschede, L. Moi, and S. Haroche, "Suppression of spontaneous decay at optical frequencies: Test of vacuum-field anisotropy in confined space," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 666-669 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Nomura, S. Iwamoto, N. Kumagai, and Y. Arakawa, "Temporal coherence of a photonic crystal nanocavity laser with high spontaneous emission coupling factor," Phys. Rev. B 75, Art. N. 195313 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Persano, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, D. Pisignano, M. Zavelani-Rossi, S. Longhi, and G. Lanzani, "Monolithic polymer microcavity lasers with on-top evaporated dielectric mirrors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, Art. N. 121110 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. L. A. Chilla, B. Benware, M. E. Watson, P. Stanko, J. J. Rocca, C. Wilmsen, S. Feld, and R. Leibenguth, "Coherence of VCSEL�??s for holographic interconnects," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, 449-451 (1995). [CrossRef]
- D. G. Lidzey, D. D. C. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, T. Virgili, S. Walker, and D. M. Whittaker, "Strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic semiconductor microcavity," Nature 395, 53-55 (1998). [CrossRef]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Persano, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, D. Pisignano, M. Zavelani-Rossi, S. Longhi, and G. Lanzani, "Monolithic polymer microcavity lasers with on-top evaporated dielectric mirrors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, Art. N. 121110 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, P. L. Burns, R. H. Friend, and A. B. Holmes, "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers," Nature 347, 539-541 (1990). [CrossRef]
- G. Wegmann, H. Giessen, A. Greiner, and R. F. Mahrt, "Laser emission from a solid conjugated polymer: Gain, tunability, and coherence," Phys. Rev. B 57, R4218-R4221 (1998). [CrossRef]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, P. L. Burns, R. H. Friend, and A. B. Holmes, "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers," Nature 347, 539-541 (1990). [CrossRef]
- M. D. McGehee and A. J. Heeger, "Semiconducting (conjugated) polymers as materials for solid-state lasers," Adv. Mater. 12, 1655-1668 (2000). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Very high-quality distributed Bragg reflectors for organic lasing applications by reactive electron-beam deposition," Opt. Express 14, 1951-1956 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-5-1951. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Persano, E. Mele, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Absolute luminescence efficiency and photonic band-gap effect of conjugated polymers with top-deposited distribute Bragg reflectors," Chem. Phys. Lett. 411, 316-320 (2005). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Low-threshold blue-emitting monolithic polymer vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, Art. N. 121111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, D. Pisignano, M. Zavelani-Rossi, S. Longhi, and G. Lanzani, "Monolithic polymer microcavity lasers with on-top evaporated dielectric mirrors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, Art. N. 121110 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. Jhe, A. Anderson, E. A. Hinds, D. Meschede, L. Moi, and S. Haroche, "Suppression of spontaneous decay at optical frequencies: Test of vacuum-field anisotropy in confined space," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 666-669 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Jhe, A. Anderson, E. A. Hinds, D. Meschede, L. Moi, and S. Haroche, "Suppression of spontaneous decay at optical frequencies: Test of vacuum-field anisotropy in confined space," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 666-669 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Nomura, S. Iwamoto, N. Kumagai, and Y. Arakawa, "Temporal coherence of a photonic crystal nanocavity laser with high spontaneous emission coupling factor," Phys. Rev. B 75, Art. N. 195313 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Camposeo, L. Persano, P. Del Carro, T. Virgili, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Polarization splitting in organic-based microcavities working in the strong coupling regime," Org. Electron. 8, 114-119 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Very high-quality distributed Bragg reflectors for organic lasing applications by reactive electron-beam deposition," Opt. Express 14, 1951-1956 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-5-1951. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Persano, E. Mele, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Absolute luminescence efficiency and photonic band-gap effect of conjugated polymers with top-deposited distribute Bragg reflectors," Chem. Phys. Lett. 411, 316-320 (2005). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, D. Pisignano, M. Zavelani-Rossi, S. Longhi, and G. Lanzani, "Monolithic polymer microcavity lasers with on-top evaporated dielectric mirrors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, Art. N. 121110 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Low-threshold blue-emitting monolithic polymer vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, Art. N. 121111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Camposeo, L. Persano, P. Del Carro, T. Virgili, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Polarization splitting in organic-based microcavities working in the strong coupling regime," Org. Electron. 8, 114-119 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Very high-quality distributed Bragg reflectors for organic lasing applications by reactive electron-beam deposition," Opt. Express 14, 1951-1956 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-5-1951. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Persano, E. Mele, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Absolute luminescence efficiency and photonic band-gap effect of conjugated polymers with top-deposited distribute Bragg reflectors," Chem. Phys. Lett. 411, 316-320 (2005). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Low-threshold blue-emitting monolithic polymer vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, Art. N. 121111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, D. Pisignano, M. Zavelani-Rossi, S. Longhi, and G. Lanzani, "Monolithic polymer microcavity lasers with on-top evaporated dielectric mirrors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, Art. N. 121110 (2006). [CrossRef]
- E. M. Purcell, "Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies," Phys. Rev. 69, 681 (1946).
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. L. A. Chilla, B. Benware, M. E. Watson, P. Stanko, J. J. Rocca, C. Wilmsen, S. Feld, and R. Leibenguth, "Coherence of VCSEL�??s for holographic interconnects," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, 449-451 (1995). [CrossRef]
- I. D. W. Samuel and G. A. Turnbull, "Organic semiconductor lasers," Chem. Rev. 107, 1272-1295 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. G. Lidzey, D. D. C. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, T. Virgili, S. Walker, and D. M. Whittaker, "Strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic semiconductor microcavity," Nature 395, 53-55 (1998). [CrossRef]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. L. A. Chilla, B. Benware, M. E. Watson, P. Stanko, J. J. Rocca, C. Wilmsen, S. Feld, and R. Leibenguth, "Coherence of VCSEL�??s for holographic interconnects," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, 449-451 (1995). [CrossRef]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Tessler, G. J. Denton, and R. H. Friend, "Lasing from conjugated polymer microcavities," Nature 382, 695-697 (1996). [CrossRef]
- I. D. W. Samuel and G. A. Turnbull, "Organic semiconductor lasers," Chem. Rev. 107, 1272-1295 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Camposeo, L. Persano, P. Del Carro, T. Virgili, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Polarization splitting in organic-based microcavities working in the strong coupling regime," Org. Electron. 8, 114-119 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. G. Lidzey, D. D. C. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, T. Virgili, S. Walker, and D. M. Whittaker, "Strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic semiconductor microcavity," Nature 395, 53-55 (1998). [CrossRef]
- D. G. Lidzey, D. D. C. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, T. Virgili, S. Walker, and D. M. Whittaker, "Strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic semiconductor microcavity," Nature 395, 53-55 (1998). [CrossRef]
- J. L. A. Chilla, B. Benware, M. E. Watson, P. Stanko, J. J. Rocca, C. Wilmsen, S. Feld, and R. Leibenguth, "Coherence of VCSEL�??s for holographic interconnects," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, 449-451 (1995). [CrossRef]
- G. Wegmann, H. Giessen, A. Greiner, and R. F. Mahrt, "Laser emission from a solid conjugated polymer: Gain, tunability, and coherence," Phys. Rev. B 57, R4218-R4221 (1998). [CrossRef]
- D. G. Lidzey, D. D. C. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, T. Virgili, S. Walker, and D. M. Whittaker, "Strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic semiconductor microcavity," Nature 395, 53-55 (1998). [CrossRef]
- J. L. A. Chilla, B. Benware, M. E. Watson, P. Stanko, J. J. Rocca, C. Wilmsen, S. Feld, and R. Leibenguth, "Coherence of VCSEL�??s for holographic interconnects," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, 449-451 (1995). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, D. Pisignano, M. Zavelani-Rossi, S. Longhi, and G. Lanzani, "Monolithic polymer microcavity lasers with on-top evaporated dielectric mirrors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, Art. N. 121110 (2006). [CrossRef]
Adv. Mater.
- M. D. McGehee and A. J. Heeger, "Semiconducting (conjugated) polymers as materials for solid-state lasers," Adv. Mater. 12, 1655-1668 (2000). [CrossRef]
Chem. Phys. Lett.
- L. Persano, E. Mele, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Absolute luminescence efficiency and photonic band-gap effect of conjugated polymers with top-deposited distribute Bragg reflectors," Chem. Phys. Lett. 411, 316-320 (2005). [CrossRef]
Chem. Rev.
- I. D. W. Samuel and G. A. Turnbull, "Organic semiconductor lasers," Chem. Rev. 107, 1272-1295 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
- J. L. A. Chilla, B. Benware, M. E. Watson, P. Stanko, J. J. Rocca, C. Wilmsen, S. Feld, and R. Leibenguth, "Coherence of VCSEL�??s for holographic interconnects," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, 449-451 (1995). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
- V. M. Papadakis, A. Stassinopoulos, D. Anglos, S. H. Anastasiadis, E. P. Giannelis, and D. G. Papazoglou, "Single-shot temporal coherence measurements of random lasing media," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24, 31-36 (2007). [CrossRef]
Nature
- J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, P. L. Burns, R. H. Friend, and A. B. Holmes, "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers," Nature 347, 539-541 (1990). [CrossRef]
- D. G. Lidzey, D. D. C. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, T. Virgili, S. Walker, and D. M. Whittaker, "Strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic semiconductor microcavity," Nature 395, 53-55 (1998). [CrossRef]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Tessler, G. J. Denton, and R. H. Friend, "Lasing from conjugated polymer microcavities," Nature 382, 695-697 (1996). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Very high-quality distributed Bragg reflectors for organic lasing applications by reactive electron-beam deposition," Opt. Express 14, 1951-1956 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-5-1951. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Org. Electron.
- A. Camposeo, L. Persano, P. Del Carro, T. Virgili, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Polarization splitting in organic-based microcavities working in the strong coupling regime," Org. Electron. 8, 114-119 (2007). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev.
- E. M. Purcell, "Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies," Phys. Rev. 69, 681 (1946).
Phys. Rev. B
- G. Wegmann, H. Giessen, A. Greiner, and R. F. Mahrt, "Laser emission from a solid conjugated polymer: Gain, tunability, and coherence," Phys. Rev. B 57, R4218-R4221 (1998). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- W. Jhe, A. Anderson, E. A. Hinds, D. Meschede, L. Moi, and S. Haroche, "Suppression of spontaneous decay at optical frequencies: Test of vacuum-field anisotropy in confined space," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 666-669 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. De Martini and G. R. Jacobovitz, "Anomalous spontaneous-stimulated decay phase transition and zero-threshold laser action in a microscopic cavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1711-1714 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
- S. Christopoulos, G. Baldassarri Höger von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A.V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Buttè, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin, and N. Grandjean, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, Art. N. 126405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Low-threshold blue-emitting monolithic polymer vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, Art. N. 121111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Persano, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, D. Pisignano, M. Zavelani-Rossi, S. Longhi, and G. Lanzani, "Monolithic polymer microcavity lasers with on-top evaporated dielectric mirrors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, Art. N. 121110 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Cambridge U. Press, 1999).
- M. Nomura, S. Iwamoto, N. Kumagai, and Y. Arakawa, "Temporal coherence of a photonic crystal nanocavity laser with high spontaneous emission coupling factor," Phys. Rev. B 75, Art. N. 195313 (2007). [CrossRef]
- For sake of comparison, we recall that the maximum coherence length here measured is an order of magnitude lower than the value reported in Ref. [16] for a phenyl-substituted poly-(p-phenylenevinylene) polymer placed in an external cavity. In that system, a higher Q-factor (~1500) was achieved, leading to a cavity photon lifetime around 0.5 ps and hence to a longer coherence length, since lc�??�?c.
2007, Camposeo, Org. Electron.
- A. Camposeo, L. Persano, P. Del Carro, T. Virgili, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Polarization splitting in organic-based microcavities working in the strong coupling regime," Org. Electron. 8, 114-119 (2007). [CrossRef]
- I. D. W. Samuel and G. A. Turnbull, "Organic semiconductor lasers," Chem. Rev. 107, 1272-1295 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szyma�?ska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang, "Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons polariton," Nature 443, 409-414 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Persano, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, E. Mele, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Very high-quality distributed Bragg reflectors for organic lasing applications by reactive electron-beam deposition," Opt. Express 14, 1951-1956 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-5-1951. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Persano, E. Mele, A. Camposeo, P. Del Carro, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, "Absolute luminescence efficiency and photonic band-gap effect of conjugated polymers with top-deposited distribute Bragg reflectors," Chem. Phys. Lett. 411, 316-320 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. D. McGehee and A. J. Heeger, "Semiconducting (conjugated) polymers as materials for solid-state lasers," Adv. Mater. 12, 1655-1668 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. Wegmann, H. Giessen, A. Greiner, and R. F. Mahrt, "Laser emission from a solid conjugated polymer: Gain, tunability, and coherence," Phys. Rev. B 57, R4218-R4221 (1998). [CrossRef]
- D. G. Lidzey, D. D. C. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, T. Virgili, S. Walker, and D. M. Whittaker, "Strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic semiconductor microcavity," Nature 395, 53-55 (1998). [CrossRef]
- N. Tessler, G. J. Denton, and R. H. Friend, "Lasing from conjugated polymer microcavities," Nature 382, 695-697 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. L. A. Chilla, B. Benware, M. E. Watson, P. Stanko, J. J. Rocca, C. Wilmsen, S. Feld, and R. Leibenguth, "Coherence of VCSEL�??s for holographic interconnects," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, 449-451 (1995). [CrossRef]
- J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, P. L. Burns, R. H. Friend, and A. B. Holmes, "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers," Nature 347, 539-541 (1990). [CrossRef]
- F. De Martini and G. R. Jacobovitz, "Anomalous spontaneous-stimulated decay phase transition and zero-threshold laser action in a microscopic cavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1711-1714 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Jhe, A. Anderson, E. A. Hinds, D. Meschede, L. Moi, and S. Haroche, "Suppression of spontaneous decay at optical frequencies: Test of vacuum-field anisotropy in confined space," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 666-669 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. M. Purcell, "Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies," Phys. Rev. 69, 681 (1946).
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