Weak-microcavity organic light-emitting diodes with improved light out-coupling

doi:10.1364/OE.16.012632

Weak-microcavity organic light-emitting diodes with improved light out-coupling

Sang-Hwan Cho, Young-Woo Song, Joon-gu Lee, Yoon-Chang Kim, Jong Hyuk Lee, Jaeheung Ha, Jong-Suk Oh, So Young Lee, Sun Young Lee, Kyu Hwan Hwang, Dong-Sik Zang, and Yong-Hee Lee »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 17, pp. 12632-12639 (2008)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.012632

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Abstract

We propose and demonstrate weak-microcavity organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays with improved light-extraction and viewing-angle characteristics. A single pair of low- and high-index layers is inserted between indium tin oxide (ITO) and a glass substrate. The electroluminescent (EL) efficiencies of discrete red, green, and blue weak-microcavity OLEDs are enhanced by 56%, 107%, and 26%, respectively, with improved color purity. Moreover, full-color 128×160 passive-matrix bottom-emitting OLED displays are fabricated by employing low-index layers of two thicknesses. As a display, the EL efficiency of white color was 27% higher than that of a conventional OLED display.

OCIS Codes
(220.0220) Optical design and fabrication : Optical design and fabrication
(230.1480) Optical devices : Bragg reflectors
(230.3670) Optical devices : Light-emitting diodes

ToC Category:
Optical Devices

History
Original Manuscript: May 23, 2008
Revised Manuscript: July 17, 2008
Manuscript Accepted: July 31, 2008
Published: August 6, 2008

Citation
Sang-Hwan Cho, Young-Woo Song, Joon-gu Lee, Yoon-Chang Kim, Jong Hyuk Lee, Jaeheung Ha, Jong-Suk Oh, So Young Lee, Sun Young Lee, Kyu Hwan Hwang, Dong-Sik Zang, and Yong-Hee Lee, "Weak-microcavity organic light-emitting diodes with improved light out-coupling," Opt. Express 16, 12632-12639 (2008)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-17-12632

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References

V. Bulovic, V. B. Khalfin, G. Gu, P. E. Burrows, D. Z. Garbuzov, and S. R. Forrest, "Weak microcavity effects in organic light-emitting devices," Phys. Rev. B 58,3730-3740 (1998). [CrossRef]
S. Möller and S. R. Forrest, "Improved light out-coupling in organic light emitting diodes employing ordered microlens arrays," J. Appl. Phys. 91, 3324-3327 (2002). [CrossRef]
M. -K. Wei and I-L. Su, "Method to evaluate the enhancement of luminance efficiency in planar OLED light emitting devices for microlens array," Opt. Express 12, 5777-5782 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. F. Madigan, M. -H. Lu, and J. C. Strurm, "Improvement of output coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes by backside substrate modification," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1650-1652 (2000). [CrossRef]
T. Yamasaki, K. Sumioka, and T. Tsutsui, "Organic light-emitting device with an ordered monolayer of silica microspheres as a scattering medium," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1243-1245 (2000). [CrossRef]
B. J. Matterson, J. M. Lupton, A. F. Safonov, M. G. Salt, W. L. Barnes, and I. D. W. Samuel, "Increased efficiency and controlled light output from a microstructured light-emitting diode," Adv. Mater. 13, 123-127 (2001). [CrossRef]
P. A. Hobson, S. Wedge, J. A. E. Wasey, I. Sage and W. L. Barnes, "Surface plasmon mediated emission from organic liget-rmitting diodes," Adv. Mater 14, 1393-1396 (2002). [CrossRef]
T. Tsutsui, M. Yahiro, H. Yokogawa, K. Kawano, and M. Yokoyama, "Doubling Coupling-Out Efficiency in Organic Light-Emitting Devices using a Thin Silica Aerogel Layer," Adv. Mater. 13, 1149-1152 (2001). [CrossRef]
Y. -J. Lee, S. -H. Kim, J. Huh, G. -H. Kim, Y. -H. Lee, S. -H. Cho, Y. -C. Kim, and Y. R. Do, "A high-extraction-efficiency nanopatterned organic light-emitting diode," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 3779-3781 (2003). [CrossRef]
Y. R. Do, Y. C. Kim, Y.-W. Song, C. -O Cho, H. Jeon, Y. -J. Lee, S. -H. Kim, and Y. -H. Lee, "Enhanced Light Extraction from Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with 2D SiO2/SiNx Photonic Crystals," Adv. Mater 15, 1214-1218 (2003). [CrossRef]
Y. -J. Lee, S. -H. Kim, G. -H. Kim, Y. -H. Lee, S. -H. Cho, Y. -W. Song, Y. -C. Kim, and Y. R. Do, "Far-field radiation of photonic crystal organic light-emitting diode," Opt. Express 13, 5864-5870 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. -C. Kim, S. -H. Cho, Y. -W. Song, Y. -J. Lee, Y. -H. Lee, and Y. R. Do, "Planarized SiNx/spin-on-glass photonic crystal organic light-emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 173502 (2006). [CrossRef]
N. Takada, T. Tsutsui, and S. Saito, "Control of emission characteristics in organic thin-film electroluminescent diodes using an optical-microcavity structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2032-2034 (1993). [CrossRef]
T. Tsutsui, N. Takada, S. Saito and E. Ogino, "Sharply directed emission in organic electroluminescent diodes with an optical-microcavity structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1868-1870 (1994). [CrossRef]
R. H. Jordan, L. J. Rothberg, A. Dodabalapur, and R.E. Slusher, "Efficiency enhancement of microcavity organic light emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 1997-1999 (1996). [CrossRef]
S. Tokito, K. Noda, and Y. Taga, "Strongly directed single mode emission from organic electroluminescent diode with a microcavity," Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2633-2635 (1996). [CrossRef]
S. Tokito, T. Tsutsui and Y. Taga, "Microcavity organic light-emitting diodes for strongly directed pure red, green, and blue emissions," J. Appl. Phys. 86, 2407-2411 (1999). [CrossRef]
A. Taflove and S. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (Artech House, Boston, 2005).

Barnes, W. L.
Bulovic, V.
Burrows, P. E.
Cho, C. -O
Cho, S. -H.
Do, Y. R.
Dodabalapur, A.
Forrest, S. R.
Garbuzov, D. Z.
Gu, G.
Hobson, P. A.
Huh, J.
Jeon, H.
Jordan, R. H.
Kawano, K.
Khalfin, V. B.
Kim, G. -H.
Kim, S. -H.
Kim, Y. C.
Kim, Y. -C.
Lee, Y. -H.
Lee, Y. -J.
Lu, M. -H.
Lupton, J. M.
Madigan, C. F.
Matterson, B. J.
Möller, S.
Noda, K.
Ogino, E.
Rothberg, L. J.
Safonov, A. F.
Sage, I.
Saito, S.
Salt, M. G.
Samuel, I. D. W.
Slusher, R.E.
Song, Y. -W.
Song, Y.-W.
Strurm, J. C.
Su, I-L.
Sumioka, K.
Taga, Y.
Takada, N.
Tokito, S.
Tsutsui, T.
Wasey, J. A. E.
Wedge, S.
Wei, M. -K.
Yahiro, M.
Yamasaki, T.
Yokogawa, H.
Yokoyama, M.

Adv. Mater

P. A. Hobson, S. Wedge, J. A. E. Wasey, I. Sage and W. L. Barnes, "Surface plasmon mediated emission from organic liget-rmitting diodes," Adv. Mater 14, 1393-1396 (2002). [CrossRef]
Y. R. Do, Y. C. Kim, Y.-W. Song, C. -O Cho, H. Jeon, Y. -J. Lee, S. -H. Kim, and Y. -H. Lee, "Enhanced Light Extraction from Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with 2D SiO2/SiNx Photonic Crystals," Adv. Mater 15, 1214-1218 (2003). [CrossRef]

Adv. Mater.

T. Tsutsui, M. Yahiro, H. Yokogawa, K. Kawano, and M. Yokoyama, "Doubling Coupling-Out Efficiency in Organic Light-Emitting Devices using a Thin Silica Aerogel Layer," Adv. Mater. 13, 1149-1152 (2001). [CrossRef]
B. J. Matterson, J. M. Lupton, A. F. Safonov, M. G. Salt, W. L. Barnes, and I. D. W. Samuel, "Increased efficiency and controlled light output from a microstructured light-emitting diode," Adv. Mater. 13, 123-127 (2001). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Y. -J. Lee, S. -H. Kim, J. Huh, G. -H. Kim, Y. -H. Lee, S. -H. Cho, Y. -C. Kim, and Y. R. Do, "A high-extraction-efficiency nanopatterned organic light-emitting diode," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 3779-3781 (2003). [CrossRef]
C. F. Madigan, M. -H. Lu, and J. C. Strurm, "Improvement of output coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes by backside substrate modification," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1650-1652 (2000). [CrossRef]
T. Yamasaki, K. Sumioka, and T. Tsutsui, "Organic light-emitting device with an ordered monolayer of silica microspheres as a scattering medium," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1243-1245 (2000). [CrossRef]
Y. -C. Kim, S. -H. Cho, Y. -W. Song, Y. -J. Lee, Y. -H. Lee, and Y. R. Do, "Planarized SiNx/spin-on-glass photonic crystal organic light-emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 173502 (2006). [CrossRef]
N. Takada, T. Tsutsui, and S. Saito, "Control of emission characteristics in organic thin-film electroluminescent diodes using an optical-microcavity structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2032-2034 (1993). [CrossRef]
T. Tsutsui, N. Takada, S. Saito and E. Ogino, "Sharply directed emission in organic electroluminescent diodes with an optical-microcavity structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1868-1870 (1994). [CrossRef]
R. H. Jordan, L. J. Rothberg, A. Dodabalapur, and R.E. Slusher, "Efficiency enhancement of microcavity organic light emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 1997-1999 (1996). [CrossRef]
S. Tokito, K. Noda, and Y. Taga, "Strongly directed single mode emission from organic electroluminescent diode with a microcavity," Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2633-2635 (1996). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

S. Tokito, T. Tsutsui and Y. Taga, "Microcavity organic light-emitting diodes for strongly directed pure red, green, and blue emissions," J. Appl. Phys. 86, 2407-2411 (1999). [CrossRef]
S. Möller and S. R. Forrest, "Improved light out-coupling in organic light emitting diodes employing ordered microlens arrays," J. Appl. Phys. 91, 3324-3327 (2002). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

Phys. Rev. B

V. Bulovic, V. B. Khalfin, G. Gu, P. E. Burrows, D. Z. Garbuzov, and S. R. Forrest, "Weak microcavity effects in organic light-emitting devices," Phys. Rev. B 58,3730-3740 (1998). [CrossRef]

Other

A. Taflove and S. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (Artech House, Boston, 2005).

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