Near-resonant high order nonlinear absorption
of ZnO thin films

doi:10.1364/OE.16.019900

Near-resonant high order nonlinear absorption of ZnO thin films

Yun-Pei Chan, Ja-Hon Lin, Chih-Chang Hsu, and Wen-Feng Hsieh »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 24, pp. 19900-19908 (2008)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.019900

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Abstract

Nonlinear optical absorption of ZnO thin film grown by the laser molecular beam epitaxy was investigated by the Z-scan method using a frequency-doubled femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. Due to near-exciton resonance, an enormous enhancement of two photon absorption (TPA) is about 3000 cm/GW at 390 nm which is about 6.5 times larger than the previously reported at two-photon exciton resonance in near-IR regime and 710 times larger than that of ZnO bulk measured at 532 nm. Besides, the free-carrier absorption resulting from linear absorption and TPA becomes essential when the excitation approaches the exciton resonance.

OCIS Codes
(160.4330) Materials : Nonlinear optical materials
(160.6000) Materials : Semiconductor materials
(190.0190) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics
(320.7100) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast measurements

ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics

History
Original Manuscript: September 24, 2008
Revised Manuscript: November 7, 2008
Manuscript Accepted: November 7, 2008
Published: November 18, 2008

Citation
Yun-Pei Chan, Ja-Hon Lin, Chih-Chang Hsu, and Wen-Feng Hsieh, "Near-resonant high order nonlinear absorption of ZnO thin films," Opt. Express 16, 19900-19908 (2008)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-24-19900

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References

M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, "Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers," Science 292, 1897-1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Z. K. Tang, G. K. L. Wong, P. Yu, M. Kawasaki, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and Y. Segawa, "Room-temperature ultraviolet laser emission from self-assembled ZnO microcrystallite thin films," Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 3270-3272 (1998). [CrossRef]
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G. I. Petrov, V. Shcheslavskiy, V. V. Yakovlev, I. Ozerov, E. Chelnokov, and W. Marine, "Efficient third-harmonic generation in a thin nanocrystalline film of ZnO," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3993-3995 (2003). [CrossRef]
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R. Adair, L. L. Chase, S. A. Payne, "Nonlinear refractive index of optical crystals," Phy. Rev. B 39, 3337-3350 (1989). [CrossRef]
Z. W. Dong, C. F. Zhang, G. J. You, X. Q. Qiu, K. J. Liu, Y. L. Yan, and S. X. Qian, "Multi-photon excitation UV emission by femtosecond pulses and nonlinearity in ZnO single crystal," J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 216202 (2007). [CrossRef]
Y. B. Han, J. B. Han, S. Ding, D. J. Chen, and Q. Q. Wang, "Optical nonlinearity of ZnO microcrystallite enhanced by interfacial state," Opt. Express 13, 9211-9216 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. H. Lin, G. W. Chern, Y. C. Huang, S. Keller, S. P. DenBaars, and C. K. Sun, "Observation of huge nonlinear absorption enhancement near exciton resonance in GaN," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3087-3089 (2003). [CrossRef]
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C. H. K. H. P. Li, Y. L. Lam, and W. Ji, "Optical nonlinearities and photo-excited carrier lifetime in CdS at 532 nm," Opt. Commun. 190, 6 (2001). [CrossRef]
L. Irimpan, A. Deepthy, B. Krishnan, V. P. N. Nampoori, and P. Radhakrishnan, "Nonlinear optical characteristics of self-assembled films of ZnO," Appl. Phys. B 90, 547-556 (2008). [CrossRef]
B. L. Yu, C. S. Zhu, F. X. Gan, X. C. Wu, G. L. Zhang, G. Q. Tang, and W. J. Chen, "Optical nonlinearities of Fe2O3 nanoparticles investigated by Z-scan technique," Opt. Mater. 8, 249-254 (1997). [CrossRef]
J. Thomas, M. Anija, J. Cyriac, T. Pradeep, and R. Philip, "Observation of a fifth order optical nonlinearity in 29 kDa Au@alkanethiol clusters excited in the visible," Chem. Phys. Lett. 403, 308-313 (2005). [CrossRef]

Adair, R.
Alivov, Y. I.
Anija, M.
Avrutin, V.
Bagnall, D. M.
Cao, H.
Chang, R. P. H.
Chase, L. L.
Chelnokov, E.
Chen, D. J.
Chen, W. J.
Chen, Y. F.
Chen, Y. J.
Chern, G. W.
Cho, S. J.
Cyriac, J.
Dai, J. Y.
Deepthy, A.
DenBaars, S. P.
Dharmaprakash, S. M.
Dillard, A. G.
Ding, S.
Dogan, S.
Dong, Z. W.
Feick, H.
Fillard, J. P.
Gan, F. X.
Gasiot, J.
Goto, T.
Gu, B.
Hagan, D. J.
Han, J. B.
Han, Y. B.
Hsieh, W. F.
Huang, M. H.
Huang, Y. C.
Irimpan, L.
Ji, W.
Kawasaki, M.
Keller, S.
Ketterson, J. B.
Kiehne, G. T.
Kind, H.
Koinuma, H.
Krishnan, B.
Lam, Y. L.
Li, C. H. K. H. P.
Lin, H. Y.
Lin, J. H.
Lin, K. H.
Liu, C.
Liu, K. J.
Liu, X.
Manifacier, J. C.
Mao, S.
Marine, W.
Morkoc, H.
Nampoori, V. P. N.
Ohtomo, A.
Ong, H. C.
Ozerov, I.
Ozgur, U.
Ozturk, O. F.
Patil, P. S.
Payne, S. A.
Petrov, G. I.
Philip, R.
Pradeep, T.
Qian, S. X.
Qiu, X. Q.
Radhakrishnan, P.
Reinhardt, B. A.
Reshchikov, M. A.
Roderer, P.
Russo, R.
Said, A. A.
Segawa, Y.
Sekerci, M.
Shcheslavskiy, V.
Sheik-Bahae, M.
Shen, M. Y.
Sun, C. K.
Tang, G. Q.
Tang, S. H.
Tang, Z. K.
Teke, A.
Thomas, J.
Van Stryland, E. W.
Wamsley, C.
Wang, G.
Wang, H. T.
Wang, J.
Wang, Q. Q.
Weber, E.
Wei, T. H.
Wong, G. K. L.
Wu, J. Y.
Wu, X. C.
Wu, Y. Y.
Yakovlev, V. V.
Yakuphanoglu, F.
Yan, H. Q.
Yan, Y. L.
Yang, P. D.
Yao, T.
You, G. J.
Young, J.
Yu, B. L.
Yu, P.
Zhang, C. F.
Zhang, G. L.
Zhang, X. J.
Zhu, C. S.
Zhu, Z.

Appl. Phys. B

L. Irimpan, A. Deepthy, B. Krishnan, V. P. N. Nampoori, and P. Radhakrishnan, "Nonlinear optical characteristics of self-assembled films of ZnO," Appl. Phys. B 90, 547-556 (2008). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

G. Wang, G. T. Kiehne, G. K. L. Wong, J. B. Ketterson, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, "Large second harmonic response in ZnO thin films," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 401-403 (2002). [CrossRef]
H. Cao, J. Y. Wu, H. C. Ong, J. Y. Dai, and R. P. H. Chang, "Second harmonic generation in laser ablated zinc oxide thin films," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 572-574 (1998). [CrossRef]
G. I. Petrov, V. Shcheslavskiy, V. V. Yakovlev, I. Ozerov, E. Chelnokov, and W. Marine, "Efficient third-harmonic generation in a thin nanocrystalline film of ZnO," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3993-3995 (2003). [CrossRef]
D. M. Bagnall, Y. F. Chen, Z. Zhu, T. Yao, M. Y. Shen, and T. Goto, "High temperature excitonic stimulated emission from ZnO epitaxial layers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 1038-1040 (1998). [CrossRef]
Z. K. Tang, G. K. L. Wong, P. Yu, M. Kawasaki, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and Y. Segawa, "Room-temperature ultraviolet laser emission from self-assembled ZnO microcrystallite thin films," Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 3270-3272 (1998). [CrossRef]
K. H. Lin, G. W. Chern, Y. C. Huang, S. Keller, S. P. DenBaars, and C. K. Sun, "Observation of huge nonlinear absorption enhancement near exciton resonance in GaN," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3087-3089 (2003). [CrossRef]
B. Gu, W. Ji, P. S. Patil, S. M. Dharmaprakash, and H. T. Wang, "Two-photon-induced excited-state absorption: Theory and experiment," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 091118 (2008). [CrossRef]

Chem. Phys. Lett.

A. A. Said, C. Wamsley, D. J. Hagan, E. W. Van Stryland, B. A. Reinhardt, P. Roderer, A. G. Dillard, "3rd-order and 5th-order optical nonlinearities in organic materials," Chem. Phys. Lett. 228, (1994) 646-650. [CrossRef]
J. Thomas, M. Anija, J. Cyriac, T. Pradeep, and R. Philip, "Observation of a fifth order optical nonlinearity in 29 kDa Au@alkanethiol clusters excited in the visible," Chem. Phys. Lett. 403, 308-313 (2005). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, E. W. Van Stryland, " Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26, 760-769 (1990). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

U. Ozgur, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshchikov, S. Dogan, V. Avrutin, S. J. Cho, and H. Morkoc, "A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices," J. Appl. Phys. 98, 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. H. Lin, Y. J. Chen, H. Y. Lin, and W. F. Hsieh, "Two-photon resonance assisted huge nonlinear refraction and absorption in ZnO thin films," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 033526 (2005). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

J. Phys. E

J. C. Manifacier, J. Gasiot and J. P. Fillard "A simple method for the determination of the optical constants, n, k and the thickness," J. Phys. E 9, 1002-1004 (1976). [CrossRef]

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

Z. W. Dong, C. F. Zhang, G. J. You, X. Q. Qiu, K. J. Liu, Y. L. Yan, and S. X. Qian, "Multi-photon excitation UV emission by femtosecond pulses and nonlinearity in ZnO single crystal," J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 216202 (2007). [CrossRef]

Opt. Commun.

F. Yakuphanoglu, M. Sekerci, and O. F. Ozturk, "The determination of the optical constants of Cu(II) compound having 1-chloro-2,3-o-cyclohexylidinepropane thin film," Opt. Commun. 239, 275-280 (2004). [CrossRef]
C. H. K. H. P. Li, Y. L. Lam, and W. Ji, "Optical nonlinearities and photo-excited carrier lifetime in CdS at 532 nm," Opt. Commun. 190, 6 (2001). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

Y. B. Han, J. B. Han, S. Ding, D. J. Chen, and Q. Q. Wang, "Optical nonlinearity of ZnO microcrystallite enhanced by interfacial state," Opt. Express 13, 9211-9216 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Mater.

B. L. Yu, C. S. Zhu, F. X. Gan, X. C. Wu, G. L. Zhang, G. Q. Tang, and W. J. Chen, "Optical nonlinearities of Fe2O3 nanoparticles investigated by Z-scan technique," Opt. Mater. 8, 249-254 (1997). [CrossRef]

Phy. Rev. B

R. Adair, L. L. Chase, S. A. Payne, "Nonlinear refractive index of optical crystals," Phy. Rev. B 39, 3337-3350 (1989). [CrossRef]

Science

M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, "Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers," Science 292, 1897-1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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