The design of a circularly symmetric hybrid imaging system that exhibits high resolution as well as extended depth of field is presented. The design, which assumes spatially incoherent illumination, searches for an optimal “binary amplitude and phase” pupil mask, which for a certain desired depth of field, provides the largest spatial frequency band that assures a certain desired contrast value. The captured images are electronically processed by an off-line Wiener filter, to finally obtain high quality output images. Simulations as well as experimental results are provided.

© 2008 Optical Society of America

1. J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996).
2. A. Papoulis, Systems and Transforms with Applications in Optics (McGraw- Hill, New York, 1968).
3. M. Mino and Y. Okano, "Improvement in the OTF of a Defocused Optical System Trough the Use of Shaded apertures," Appl. Opt. 10, 2219-2225 (1971). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. T. C. Poon and M. Motamedi, "Optical Digital Incoherent Image Processing for Extended Depth of Field," Appl. Opt. 26, 4612-4615 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. J. O. Castaneda, R. Ramos, and A. Noyola-Isgleas, "High focal depth by apodization and digital restoration," Appl. Opt. 272583-2586 (1988). [CrossRef]
6. J. O. Castaneda, E. Tepichin, and A. Diaz, "Arbitrary high focal depth with a quasioptimum real and positive transmittance apodizer," Appl. Opt. 28, 2666-2669 (1989). [CrossRef]
7. J. O. Castaneda and L. R. Berriel-Valdos, "Zone plate for arbitrary high focal depth," Appl. Opt. 29, 994-997 (1990). [CrossRef]
8. S. Sanyal and A. Ghosh, "High focal depth with quasi-bifocus birefringent lens," Appl. Opt. 39, 2321-2325 (2000). [CrossRef]
9. E. Peli and A. Lang, "Appearance of images through a multifocal intraocular lens," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 302-309 (2001). [CrossRef]
10. E. R Dowski Jr and W. T. Cathey, "Extended depth of field through wave-front coding," Appl. Opt 34, 1859-1866 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. J. van der Gracht, E. R. DowskiJr, M. G. Taylor, and D. M. Deaver, "Broadband behavior of an optical-digital focus-invariant system," Opt. Lett. 21, 919-921 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. S. S. Sherif, W. T. Cathey, and E. R. Dowski, "Phase plate to extend the depth of field of incoherent hybrid imaging systems," Appl. Opt. 43, 2709-2721 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. S. Prasad, V. Paul Pauca, R. J. Plemmons, T. C. Torgersen and J. van der Gracht, "Pupil-phase optimization for extended focus, aberration corrected imaging systems," Proc. SPIE 5559,335-345 (2004). [CrossRef]
14. S. Prasad, T. C. Torgersen, V. P. Pauca, R. J. Plemmons, and J. van der Gracht, "High resolution imaging using integrated optical systems," Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. 14, 67-74 (2004). [CrossRef]
15. W. Chi and N. George, "Electronic imaging using a logarithmic asphere," Opt. Lett. 26, 875-877 (2001). [CrossRef]
16. N George and W. Chi, "Computational imaging with the logarithmic asphere: theory," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 2260-2273 (2003). [CrossRef]
17. J. van der Gracht, V. P. Pauca, H. Setty, R. Narayanswamy, R. Plemmons, S. Prasad, and T. Torgersen, "Iris recognition with enhanced depth-of-field image acquisition," Proc. SPIE 5438, 120-129 (2004). [CrossRef]
18. E. Ben-Eliezer and E. Marom, "Aberration-free superresolution imaging via binary speckle pattern encoding and processing," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 1003-1010 (2007). [CrossRef]
19. E. Ben-Eliezer, N. Konfori, and E. Marom, "Superresolution imaging with noise reduction and aberration elimination via random structured illumination and processing," Opt. Express 15, 3849-3863 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. E. Ben-Eliezer, Z. Zalevsky, E. Marom, and N. Konforti, "All-Optical Extended Depth of Field Imaging System," Pure Appl. Opt. 5, S164-S169 (2003). [CrossRef]
21. E. Ben-Eliezer, Z. Zalevsky, E. Marom, and N. Konforti, "All-Optical Extended Depth of Field Imaging System," Proc. SPIE 4829, 221-222 (2002).
22. E. Ben-Eliezer, Z. Zalevsky, E. Marom, and N. Konforti, "Experimental Realization of an Imaging System with an Extended Depth of Field," Appl. Opt. 44, 2792-2798 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. E. Ben-Eliezer, E. Marom, N. Konforti, and Z. Zalevsky, "A Radial Mask for Systems that exhibit High Resolution and Extended Depth of Field," Appl. Opt. 45, 2001-2013 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. R. Ramanath, W. E. Snyder, Y. Yoo, and M. S. Drew, "Color image processing pipeline," IEEE Sig. Proc. Mag. 22, 34-43 (2005). [CrossRef]
25. R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing (Addison-Wesley, New York, 1993).
26. B. R. Hunt and O. Kubler, "Karhunen-Loeve Multispectral Image Restoration, Part I: Theory," ASSP 32, 592-600 (1984). [CrossRef]
27. E. Marom, E. Ben-Eliezer, and N. Knoforti, PCT/IL2008/000527 "Optical imaging system with an extended depth-of-field and a method for designing an optical imaging system."

Appl. Opt

• E. R Dowski Jr and W. T. Cathey, "Extended depth of field through wave-front coding," Appl. Opt 34, 1859-1866 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Opt.

• M. Mino and Y. Okano, "Improvement in the OTF of a Defocused Optical System Trough the Use of Shaded apertures," Appl. Opt. 10, 2219-2225 (1971). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• T. C. Poon and M. Motamedi, "Optical Digital Incoherent Image Processing for Extended Depth of Field," Appl. Opt. 26, 4612-4615 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. O. Castaneda, R. Ramos, and A. Noyola-Isgleas, "High focal depth by apodization and digital restoration," Appl. Opt. 272583-2586 (1988). [CrossRef]
• J. O. Castaneda, E. Tepichin, and A. Diaz, "Arbitrary high focal depth with a quasioptimum real and positive transmittance apodizer," Appl. Opt. 28, 2666-2669 (1989). [CrossRef]
• J. O. Castaneda and L. R. Berriel-Valdos, "Zone plate for arbitrary high focal depth," Appl. Opt. 29, 994-997 (1990). [CrossRef]
• S. Sanyal and A. Ghosh, "High focal depth with quasi-bifocus birefringent lens," Appl. Opt. 39, 2321-2325 (2000). [CrossRef]
• S. S. Sherif, W. T. Cathey, and E. R. Dowski, "Phase plate to extend the depth of field of incoherent hybrid imaging systems," Appl. Opt. 43, 2709-2721 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• E. Ben-Eliezer, Z. Zalevsky, E. Marom, and N. Konforti, "Experimental Realization of an Imaging System with an Extended Depth of Field," Appl. Opt. 44, 2792-2798 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• E. Ben-Eliezer, E. Marom, N. Konforti, and Z. Zalevsky, "A Radial Mask for Systems that exhibit High Resolution and Extended Depth of Field," Appl. Opt. 45, 2001-2013 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

ASSP

• B. R. Hunt and O. Kubler, "Karhunen-Loeve Multispectral Image Restoration, Part I: Theory," ASSP 32, 592-600 (1984). [CrossRef]

IEEE Sig. Proc. Mag.

• R. Ramanath, W. E. Snyder, Y. Yoo, and M. S. Drew, "Color image processing pipeline," IEEE Sig. Proc. Mag. 22, 34-43 (2005). [CrossRef]

Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol.

• S. Prasad, T. C. Torgersen, V. P. Pauca, R. J. Plemmons, and J. van der Gracht, "High resolution imaging using integrated optical systems," Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. 14, 67-74 (2004). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

• N George and W. Chi, "Computational imaging with the logarithmic asphere: theory," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 2260-2273 (2003). [CrossRef]
• E. Ben-Eliezer and E. Marom, "Aberration-free superresolution imaging via binary speckle pattern encoding and processing," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 1003-1010 (2007). [CrossRef]
• E. Peli and A. Lang, "Appearance of images through a multifocal intraocular lens," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 302-309 (2001). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• E. Ben-Eliezer, N. Konfori, and E. Marom, "Superresolution imaging with noise reduction and aberration elimination via random structured illumination and processing," Opt. Express 15, 3849-3863 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• W. Chi and N. George, "Electronic imaging using a logarithmic asphere," Opt. Lett. 26, 875-877 (2001). [CrossRef]
• J. van der Gracht, E. R. DowskiJr, M. G. Taylor, and D. M. Deaver, "Broadband behavior of an optical-digital focus-invariant system," Opt. Lett. 21, 919-921 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Proc. SPIE

• S. Prasad, V. Paul Pauca, R. J. Plemmons, T. C. Torgersen and J. van der Gracht, "Pupil-phase optimization for extended focus, aberration corrected imaging systems," Proc. SPIE 5559,335-345 (2004). [CrossRef]
• J. van der Gracht, V. P. Pauca, H. Setty, R. Narayanswamy, R. Plemmons, S. Prasad, and T. Torgersen, "Iris recognition with enhanced depth-of-field image acquisition," Proc. SPIE 5438, 120-129 (2004). [CrossRef]
• E. Ben-Eliezer, Z. Zalevsky, E. Marom, and N. Konforti, "All-Optical Extended Depth of Field Imaging System," Proc. SPIE 4829, 221-222 (2002).

Pure Appl. Opt.

• E. Ben-Eliezer, Z. Zalevsky, E. Marom, and N. Konforti, "All-Optical Extended Depth of Field Imaging System," Pure Appl. Opt. 5, S164-S169 (2003). [CrossRef]

Other

• J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996).
• A. Papoulis, Systems and Transforms with Applications in Optics (McGraw- Hill, New York, 1968).
• E. Marom, E. Ben-Eliezer, and N. Knoforti, PCT/IL2008/000527 "Optical imaging system with an extended depth-of-field and a method for designing an optical imaging system."
• R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing (Addison-Wesley, New York, 1993).

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