We present a novel apodisation scheme for photo-induced waveguide gratings. The apodisation is implemented with double exposures that have reversely varying duty cycles. We have successfully applied the proposed scheme to remove the sidelobes of long period gratings (LPGs). We also observed for the first time super strong sidelobes in LPGs when creating them with only a single varying-duty-cycle exposure. The strong sidelobes can be well explained with a Mach-Zehnder interference model.

© 2008 Optical Society of America

1. K. O. Hill and G. Meltz, "Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview," J. Lightwave Technol. 15, 1263 (1997). [CrossRef]
2. A. M. Vengsarkar, P. J. Lemaire, J. B. Judkins, V. Bhatia, T. Erdogan, and J. E. Sipe, "Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters," J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 58, (1996). [CrossRef]
3. J. Albert, K. O. Hill, B. Malo, S. Theriault, F. Bilodeau, D.C. Johnson and L.E. Erickson, "Apodization of the spectral response of fiber Bragg gratings using a phase mask with variable diffraction efficiency," Electron. Lett. 31, 222, (1995). [CrossRef]
4. J. Albert, K. O. Hill, D. C. Johnson, F. Bilodeau and M. J. Rooks, "Moire phase masks for automatic pure apodisation of fiber Bragg gratings," Electron. Lett. 32, 2260 (1996). [CrossRef]
5. W. H. Loh, M. J. Cole, M. N. Zervas, S. Barcelos, and R. I. Laming, "Complex grating structures with uniform phase masks based on the moving fiber-exposurening beam technique," Opt. Lett. 20, 2051 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. B. Malo, S. Theriault, D. C. Johnson, F. Bilodeau, J. Albert, and K. O. Hill, "Apodised in-fiber Bragg grating reflectors photoimprinted using a phase mask," Electron. Lett. 31, 224 (1995). [CrossRef]
7. R. Kashyap, A. Swanton and D. J. Armes: "Simple technique for apodising chirped and unchirped fibre Bragg gratings," Electron. Lett. 32, 1226 (1996). [CrossRef]
8. J. B. Jensen, N. Plougmann, H. -J. Deyerl, P. Varming, J. Hübner, and M. Kristensen, "Polarization control method for ultraviolet writing of advanced Bragg gratings," Opt. Lett. 27, 1004 (2002). [CrossRef]
9. K. -P. Chuang, Y. Lai, and L. -G. Sheu, "Complex fiber grating structures fabricated by sequential writing with polarization control," Opt. Lett. 29, 340 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. D. Wiesmann, C. David, R. Germann, D. Emi, and G.L. Bona, "Apodized surface-corrugated gratings with varying duty cycles," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 639 (2000). [CrossRef]
11. W. Streifer, D. R. Scifres, and R. D. Burnham, "Coupling coefficient for distributed feedback single- and double-heterostructure diode lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 11, 867 (1975). [CrossRef]
12. V. Grubsky, A. Skorucak, D. S. Starodubov and J. Feinberg, "Fabrication of spectrally clean, long-period grating filters," in Technical Digest of Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 1999, San Diego, USA, Vol. 4, pp. 174-176.
13. V. Mizrahi and J. E. Sipe, "Optical properties of photosensitive fiber phase gratings," J. Lightwave Technol. 11, 1513 (1993). [CrossRef]
14. X. J. Gu, "Wavelength-division multiplexing isolation fiber filter and light source using cascaded long-period fiber gratings," Opt. Lett. 23, 509 (1998). [CrossRef]
15. X. Shu, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, "Sensitivity characteristics of long period fiber gratings," J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 255 (2002). [CrossRef]
16. X. Shu, B. A. L. Gwandu, Y. Liu, L. Zhang and I. Bennion, "Sampled Fiber Bragg Grating for simultaneous refractive index and temperature measurement," Opt. Lett. 26, 774 (2001). [CrossRef]

Electron. Lett.

• J. Albert, K. O. Hill, B. Malo, S. Theriault, F. Bilodeau, D.C. Johnson and L.E. Erickson, "Apodization of the spectral response of fiber Bragg gratings using a phase mask with variable diffraction efficiency," Electron. Lett. 31, 222, (1995). [CrossRef]
• J. Albert, K. O. Hill, D. C. Johnson, F. Bilodeau and M. J. Rooks, "Moire phase masks for automatic pure apodisation of fiber Bragg gratings," Electron. Lett. 32, 2260 (1996). [CrossRef]
• B. Malo, S. Theriault, D. C. Johnson, F. Bilodeau, J. Albert, and K. O. Hill, "Apodised in-fiber Bragg grating reflectors photoimprinted using a phase mask," Electron. Lett. 31, 224 (1995). [CrossRef]
• R. Kashyap, A. Swanton and D. J. Armes: "Simple technique for apodising chirped and unchirped fibre Bragg gratings," Electron. Lett. 32, 1226 (1996). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

• W. Streifer, D. R. Scifres, and R. D. Burnham, "Coupling coefficient for distributed feedback single- and double-heterostructure diode lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 11, 867 (1975). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

• D. Wiesmann, C. David, R. Germann, D. Emi, and G.L. Bona, "Apodized surface-corrugated gratings with varying duty cycles," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 639 (2000). [CrossRef]

J. Lightwave Technol.

• X. Shu, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, "Sensitivity characteristics of long period fiber gratings," J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 255 (2002). [CrossRef]
• V. Mizrahi and J. E. Sipe, "Optical properties of photosensitive fiber phase gratings," J. Lightwave Technol. 11, 1513 (1993). [CrossRef]
• K. O. Hill and G. Meltz, "Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview," J. Lightwave Technol. 15, 1263 (1997). [CrossRef]
• A. M. Vengsarkar, P. J. Lemaire, J. B. Judkins, V. Bhatia, T. Erdogan, and J. E. Sipe, "Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters," J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 58, (1996). [CrossRef]

Opt. Lett.

• W. H. Loh, M. J. Cole, M. N. Zervas, S. Barcelos, and R. I. Laming, "Complex grating structures with uniform phase masks based on the moving fiber-exposurening beam technique," Opt. Lett. 20, 2051 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. B. Jensen, N. Plougmann, H. -J. Deyerl, P. Varming, J. Hübner, and M. Kristensen, "Polarization control method for ultraviolet writing of advanced Bragg gratings," Opt. Lett. 27, 1004 (2002). [CrossRef]
• K. -P. Chuang, Y. Lai, and L. -G. Sheu, "Complex fiber grating structures fabricated by sequential writing with polarization control," Opt. Lett. 29, 340 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• X. J. Gu, "Wavelength-division multiplexing isolation fiber filter and light source using cascaded long-period fiber gratings," Opt. Lett. 23, 509 (1998). [CrossRef]
• X. Shu, B. A. L. Gwandu, Y. Liu, L. Zhang and I. Bennion, "Sampled Fiber Bragg Grating for simultaneous refractive index and temperature measurement," Opt. Lett. 26, 774 (2001). [CrossRef]

Other

• V. Grubsky, A. Skorucak, D. S. Starodubov and J. Feinberg, "Fabrication of spectrally clean, long-period grating filters," in Technical Digest of Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 1999, San Diego, USA, Vol. 4, pp. 174-176.

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