Integrated magneto-optical traps on a chip using silicon pyramid structures

doi:10.1364/OE.17.014109

Integrated magneto-optical traps on a chip using silicon pyramid structures

S. Pollock, J. P. Cotter, A. Laliotis, and E. A. Hinds »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 16, pp. 14109-14114 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.014109

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Abstract

We have integrated magneto-optical traps (MOTs) into an atom chip by etching pyramids into a silicon wafer. These have been used to trap atoms on the chip, directly from a room temperature vapor of rubidium. This new atom trapping method provides a simple way to integrate several atom sources on the same chip. It represents a substantial advance in atom chip technology and offers new possibilities for atom chip applications such as integrated single atom or photon sources and molecules on a chip.

OCIS Codes
(020.7010) Atomic and molecular physics : Laser trapping
(130.3120) Integrated optics : Integrated optics devices
(020.3320) Atomic and molecular physics : Laser cooling

ToC Category:
Atomic and Molecular Physics

History
Original Manuscript: July 2, 2009
Revised Manuscript: July 24, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: July 28, 2009
Published: July 29, 2009

Citation
S. Pollock, J. P. Cotter, A. Laliotis, and E. A. Hinds, "Integrated magneto-optical traps on a chip using silicon pyramid structures," Opt. Express 17, 14109-14114 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-16-14109

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References

E. A. Hinds and I. G. Hughes, "A pyramidal magneto-optical trap as a source of slow atoms," J. Phys. D 18, R119-R146 (1999). [CrossRef]
R. Folman, P. Kruger, J. Schmiedmayer, J. Denschlag, and C. Henkel, "Microscopic atom optics: from wires to an atom chip," Adv. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48, 263-356 (2002).
J. Fortágh and C. Zimmermann, "Magnetic microtraps for ultracold atoms," Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 235-289 (2007). [CrossRef]
W. Hansel, P. Hommelhoff, T. W. Hansch, and J. Reichel, "Bose-Einstein condensation on a microelectronic chip," Nature 413, 498-501 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. Ott, J. Fortagh, G. Schlotterbeck, A. Grossmann, and C. Zimmermann, "Bose-Einstein condensation in a surface microtrap," Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 230,401 (2001). [CrossRef]
C. D. J. Sinclair, E. A. Curtis, I. Llorente-Garcia, J. A. Retter, B. V. Hall, S. Eriksson, B. E. Sauer, and E. A. Hinds, "Bose-Einstein Condensation on a permanent-magnet atom chip," Phys. Rev. A 72, 03,160(R) (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Reichel, W. Hänsel, and T. W. Hänsch, "Atomic Micromanipulation with Magnetic Surface Traps," Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(17), 3398-3401 (1999). [CrossRef]
A. Grabowski and T. Pfau, "A lattice of magneto-optical and magnetic traps for cold atoms," Eur. Phys. J. D 22, 347-354 (2003).
M. Trupke, F. Ramirez-Martinez, E. A. Curtis, J. P. Ashmore, S. Eriksson, E. A. Hinds, Z. Moktadir, C. Gollasch, M. Kraft, G. V. Prakash, and J. J. Baumberg, "Pyramidal micromirrors for microsystems and atom chips," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 071,116 (2006).
K. I. Lee, J. A. Kim, H. R. Noh, and W. Jhe, "Single-beam atom trap in a pyramidal and conical hollow mirror," Opt. Lett. 21, 1177 (1996). [CrossRef]
G. N. Lewis, Z. Moktdir, C. Gollasch, M. Kraft, S. Pollock, F. Ramirez-Martinez, J. Ashmore, A. Laliotis, M. Trupke, and E. A. Hinds, "Fabrication of Magnetooptical Atom Traps on a Chip," J. MEMS 18, 347 (2009).
A. S. Louro and J. R. Senna, "Real-time, in-situ microscopic observation of bubbles and roughening in KOH etching of silicon," in Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology VII (2001).
K. K. Lee, D. R. Lim, L. C. Kimerling, J. Shin, and F. Cerrina, "Fabrication of ultralow-loss Si/SiO2 waveguides by roughness reduction," Opt. Lett. 26(23), 1888-1890 (2001). [CrossRef]
K. P. Larsen, J. Ravnkilde, and O. Hansen, "Investigations of the isotropic etch of an ICP source for silicon microlens mold fabrication," J. Micromech. Microeng. 15, 873-882 (2005). [CrossRef]
C. P. Pearman, C. S. Adams, S. G. Cox, P. F. Griffin, D. A. Smith, and I. G. Hughes, "Polarization spectroscopy of a closed atomic transition: applications to laser frequency locking," J. Phys. B 35(24), 5141-5151 (2002). [CrossRef]
G. Ritt, G. Cennini, C. Geckeler, and M. Weitz, "Laser frequency offset locking using a side of filter technique," App. Phys. B 79, 363-365 (2004). [CrossRef]
K. L. Corwin, Z.-T. Lu, C. F. Hand, R. J. Epstein, and C. E. Wieman, "Frequency-Stabilized Diode Laser with the Zeeman Shift in an Atomic Vapor," Appl. Opt. 37, 3295-3298 (1998). [CrossRef]
K. Lindquist, M. Stephens, and C. Wieman, "Experimental and Theoretical-Study of the Vapor-Cell Zeeman Optical Trap," Phys. Rev. A 46(7), 4082-4090 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Trupke, J. Goldwin, B. Darquié, G. Dutier, S. Eriksson, J. Ashmore, and E. A. Hinds, "Atom Detection and Photon Production in a Scalable, Open, Optical Microcavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 063,601 (2007). [CrossRef]
K. M. Jones, E. Tiesinga, P. D. Lett, and P. S. Julienne, "Ultracold photoassociation spectroscopy: Long-range molecules and atomic scattering," Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(2), 483 (2006). [CrossRef]

Adams, C. S.
Ashmore, J.
Ashmore, J. P.
Baumberg, J. J.
Cennini, G.
Cerrina, F.
Corwin, K. L.
Cox, S. G.
Curtis, E. A.
Darquié, B.
Denschlag, J.
Dutier, G.
Epstein, R. J.
Eriksson, S.
Folman, R.
Fortagh, J.
Fortágh, J.
Geckeler, C.
Goldwin, J.
Gollasch, C.
Grabowski, A.
Griffin, P. F.
Grossmann, A.
Hall, B. V.
Hand, C. F.
Hansch, T. W.
Hänsch, T. W.
Hansel, W.
Hänsel, W.
Hansen, O.
Henkel, C.
Hinds, E. A.
Hommelhoff, P.
Hughes, I. G.
Jhe, W.
Jones, K. M.
Julienne, P. S.
Kim, J. A.
Kimerling, L. C.
Kraft, M.
Kruger, P.
Laliotis, A.
Larsen, K. P.
Lee, K. I.
Lee, K. K.
Lett, P. D.
Lewis, G. N.
Lim, D. R.
Lindquist, K.
Llorente-Garcia, I.
Lu, Z.-T.
Moktadir, Z.
Moktdir, Z.
Noh, H. R.
Ott, H.
Pearman, C. P.
Pfau, T.
Pollock, S.
Prakash, G. V.
Ramirez-Martinez, F.
Ravnkilde, J.
Reichel, J.
Retter, J. A.
Ritt, G.
Sauer, B. E.
Schlotterbeck, G.
Schmiedmayer, J.
Shin, J.
Sinclair, C. D. J.
Smith, D. A.
Stephens, M.
Tiesinga, E.
Trupke, M.
Weitz, M.
Wieman, C.
Wieman, C. E.
Zimmermann, C.

Adv. Mol. Opt. Phys.

R. Folman, P. Kruger, J. Schmiedmayer, J. Denschlag, and C. Henkel, "Microscopic atom optics: from wires to an atom chip," Adv. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48, 263-356 (2002).

App. Phys. B

G. Ritt, G. Cennini, C. Geckeler, and M. Weitz, "Laser frequency offset locking using a side of filter technique," App. Phys. B 79, 363-365 (2004). [CrossRef]

App. Phys. Lett.

M. Trupke, F. Ramirez-Martinez, E. A. Curtis, J. P. Ashmore, S. Eriksson, E. A. Hinds, Z. Moktadir, C. Gollasch, M. Kraft, G. V. Prakash, and J. J. Baumberg, "Pyramidal micromirrors for microsystems and atom chips," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 071,116 (2006).

Appl. Opt.

K. L. Corwin, Z.-T. Lu, C. F. Hand, R. J. Epstein, and C. E. Wieman, "Frequency-Stabilized Diode Laser with the Zeeman Shift in an Atomic Vapor," Appl. Opt. 37, 3295-3298 (1998). [CrossRef]

Eur. Phys. J. D

A. Grabowski and T. Pfau, "A lattice of magneto-optical and magnetic traps for cold atoms," Eur. Phys. J. D 22, 347-354 (2003).

J. MEMS

G. N. Lewis, Z. Moktdir, C. Gollasch, M. Kraft, S. Pollock, F. Ramirez-Martinez, J. Ashmore, A. Laliotis, M. Trupke, and E. A. Hinds, "Fabrication of Magnetooptical Atom Traps on a Chip," J. MEMS 18, 347 (2009).

J. Micromech. Microeng.

K. P. Larsen, J. Ravnkilde, and O. Hansen, "Investigations of the isotropic etch of an ICP source for silicon microlens mold fabrication," J. Micromech. Microeng. 15, 873-882 (2005). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. B

C. P. Pearman, C. S. Adams, S. G. Cox, P. F. Griffin, D. A. Smith, and I. G. Hughes, "Polarization spectroscopy of a closed atomic transition: applications to laser frequency locking," J. Phys. B 35(24), 5141-5151 (2002). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. D

E. A. Hinds and I. G. Hughes, "A pyramidal magneto-optical trap as a source of slow atoms," J. Phys. D 18, R119-R146 (1999). [CrossRef]

Nature

W. Hansel, P. Hommelhoff, T. W. Hansch, and J. Reichel, "Bose-Einstein condensation on a microelectronic chip," Nature 413, 498-501 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

Phys. Rev. A

K. Lindquist, M. Stephens, and C. Wieman, "Experimental and Theoretical-Study of the Vapor-Cell Zeeman Optical Trap," Phys. Rev. A 46(7), 4082-4090 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. D. J. Sinclair, E. A. Curtis, I. Llorente-Garcia, J. A. Retter, B. V. Hall, S. Eriksson, B. E. Sauer, and E. A. Hinds, "Bose-Einstein Condensation on a permanent-magnet atom chip," Phys. Rev. A 72, 03,160(R) (2005). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

J. Reichel, W. Hänsel, and T. W. Hänsch, "Atomic Micromanipulation with Magnetic Surface Traps," Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(17), 3398-3401 (1999). [CrossRef]
H. Ott, J. Fortagh, G. Schlotterbeck, A. Grossmann, and C. Zimmermann, "Bose-Einstein condensation in a surface microtrap," Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 230,401 (2001). [CrossRef]
M. Trupke, J. Goldwin, B. Darquié, G. Dutier, S. Eriksson, J. Ashmore, and E. A. Hinds, "Atom Detection and Photon Production in a Scalable, Open, Optical Microcavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 063,601 (2007). [CrossRef]

Rev. Mod. Phys.

K. M. Jones, E. Tiesinga, P. D. Lett, and P. S. Julienne, "Ultracold photoassociation spectroscopy: Long-range molecules and atomic scattering," Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(2), 483 (2006). [CrossRef]
J. Fortágh and C. Zimmermann, "Magnetic microtraps for ultracold atoms," Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 235-289 (2007). [CrossRef]

Other

A. S. Louro and J. R. Senna, "Real-time, in-situ microscopic observation of bubbles and roughening in KOH etching of silicon," in Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology VII (2001).

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[1] E. A. Hinds and I. G. Hughes, "A pyramidal magneto-optical trap as a source of slow atoms," J. Phys. D 18, R119-R146 (1999). [CrossRef]

[2] R. Folman, P. Kruger, J. Schmiedmayer, J. Denschlag, and C. Henkel, "Microscopic atom optics: from wires to an atom chip," Adv. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48, 263-356 (2002).

[3] J. Fortágh and C. Zimmermann, "Magnetic microtraps for ultracold atoms," Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 235-289 (2007). [CrossRef]

[4] W. Hansel, P. Hommelhoff, T. W. Hansch, and J. Reichel, "Bose-Einstein condensation on a microelectronic chip," Nature 413, 498-501 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] H. Ott, J. Fortagh, G. Schlotterbeck, A. Grossmann, and C. Zimmermann, "Bose-Einstein condensation in a surface microtrap," Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 230,401 (2001). [CrossRef]

[6] C. D. J. Sinclair, E. A. Curtis, I. Llorente-Garcia, J. A. Retter, B. V. Hall, S. Eriksson, B. E. Sauer, and E. A. Hinds, "Bose-Einstein Condensation on a permanent-magnet atom chip," Phys. Rev. A 72, 03,160(R) (2005). [CrossRef]

[7] J. Reichel, W. Hänsel, and T. W. Hänsch, "Atomic Micromanipulation with Magnetic Surface Traps," Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(17), 3398-3401 (1999). [CrossRef]

[8] A. Grabowski and T. Pfau, "A lattice of magneto-optical and magnetic traps for cold atoms," Eur. Phys. J. D 22, 347-354 (2003).

[9] M. Trupke, F. Ramirez-Martinez, E. A. Curtis, J. P. Ashmore, S. Eriksson, E. A. Hinds, Z. Moktadir, C. Gollasch, M. Kraft, G. V. Prakash, and J. J. Baumberg, "Pyramidal micromirrors for microsystems and atom chips," App. Phys. Lett. 88, 071,116 (2006).

[10] K. I. Lee, J. A. Kim, H. R. Noh, and W. Jhe, "Single-beam atom trap in a pyramidal and conical hollow mirror," Opt. Lett. 21, 1177 (1996). [CrossRef]

[11] G. N. Lewis, Z. Moktdir, C. Gollasch, M. Kraft, S. Pollock, F. Ramirez-Martinez, J. Ashmore, A. Laliotis, M. Trupke, and E. A. Hinds, "Fabrication of Magnetooptical Atom Traps on a Chip," J. MEMS 18, 347 (2009).

[12] A. S. Louro and J. R. Senna, "Real-time, in-situ microscopic observation of bubbles and roughening in KOH etching of silicon," in Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology VII (2001).

[13] K. K. Lee, D. R. Lim, L. C. Kimerling, J. Shin, and F. Cerrina, "Fabrication of ultralow-loss Si/SiO2 waveguides by roughness reduction," Opt. Lett. 26(23), 1888-1890 (2001). [CrossRef]

[14] K. P. Larsen, J. Ravnkilde, and O. Hansen, "Investigations of the isotropic etch of an ICP source for silicon microlens mold fabrication," J. Micromech. Microeng. 15, 873-882 (2005). [CrossRef]

[15] C. P. Pearman, C. S. Adams, S. G. Cox, P. F. Griffin, D. A. Smith, and I. G. Hughes, "Polarization spectroscopy of a closed atomic transition: applications to laser frequency locking," J. Phys. B 35(24), 5141-5151 (2002). [CrossRef]

[16] G. Ritt, G. Cennini, C. Geckeler, and M. Weitz, "Laser frequency offset locking using a side of filter technique," App. Phys. B 79, 363-365 (2004). [CrossRef]

[17] K. L. Corwin, Z.-T. Lu, C. F. Hand, R. J. Epstein, and C. E. Wieman, "Frequency-Stabilized Diode Laser with the Zeeman Shift in an Atomic Vapor," Appl. Opt. 37, 3295-3298 (1998). [CrossRef]

[18] K. Lindquist, M. Stephens, and C. Wieman, "Experimental and Theoretical-Study of the Vapor-Cell Zeeman Optical Trap," Phys. Rev. A 46(7), 4082-4090 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[19] M. Trupke, J. Goldwin, B. Darquié, G. Dutier, S. Eriksson, J. Ashmore, and E. A. Hinds, "Atom Detection and Photon Production in a Scalable, Open, Optical Microcavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 063,601 (2007). [CrossRef]

[20] K. M. Jones, E. Tiesinga, P. D. Lett, and P. S. Julienne, "Ultracold photoassociation spectroscopy: Long-range molecules and atomic scattering," Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(2), 483 (2006). [CrossRef]

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Integrated magneto-optical traps on a chip using silicon pyramid structures

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Abstract

References

Adv. Mol. Opt. Phys.

App. Phys. B

App. Phys. Lett.

Appl. Opt.

Eur. Phys. J. D

J. MEMS

J. Micromech. Microeng.

J. Phys. B

J. Phys. D

Nature

Opt. Lett.

Phys. Rev. A

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Rev. Mod. Phys.

Other

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