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Nonlinear photonic crystal fiber with a structured multi-component glass core for four-wave mixing and supercontinuum generation
Vincent Tombelaine, Alexis Labruyère, Jens Kobelke, Kay Schuster, Volker Reichel, Philippe Leproux, Vincent Couderc, Raphaël Jamier, and Hartmut Bartelt »View Author Affiliations
1Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
2Xlim Institute, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
3Now at Leukos, 1 avenue d’Ester, 87069 Limoges Cedex, France
*Corresponding author: vincent.tombelaine@leukos-systems.com
Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 18, pp. 15392-15401 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.015392
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Abstract
We report about a new type of nonlinear photonic crystal fibers allowing broadband four-wave mixing and supercontinuum generation. The microstructured optical fiber has a structured core consisting of a rod of highly nonlinear glass material inserted in a silica tube. This particular structure enables four wave mixing processes with very large frequency detuning (>135 THz), which permitted the generation of a wide supercontinuum spectrum extending over 1650 nm after 2.15 m of propagation length. The comparison with results obtained from germanium-doped holey fibers confirms the important role of the rod material properties regarding nonlinear process and dispersion.
© 2009 OSA
OCIS Codes
(060.2280) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber design and fabrication
(060.4370) Fiber optics and optical communications : Nonlinear optics, fibers
(190.4380) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics, four-wave mixing
(060.4005) Fiber optics and optical communications : Microstructured fibers
ToC Category:
Photonic Crystal Fibers
History
Original Manuscript: April 21, 2009
Revised Manuscript: August 7, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: August 14, 2009
Published: August 17, 2009
Citation
Vincent Tombelaine, Alexis Labruyère, Jens Kobelke, Kay Schuster, Volker Reichel, Philippe Leproux, Vincent Couderc, Raphaël Jamier, and Hartmut Bartelt, "Nonlinear photonic crystal fiber with a structured multi-component glass core for four-wave mixing and supercontinuum generation," Opt. Express 17, 15392-15401 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-18-15392
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References
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- V. V. Kumar, A. George, W. Reeves, J. Knight, P. Russell, F. Omenetto, and A. Taylor, “Extruded soft glass photonic crystal fiber for ultrabroad supercontinuum generation,” Opt. Express 10(25), 1520–1525 (2002), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-10-25-1520 . [PubMed]
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- C. Lesvigne, V. Couderc, A. Tonello, P. Leproux, A. Barthélémy, S. Lacroix, F. Druon, P. Blandin, M. Hanna, and P. Georges, “Visible supercontinuum generation controlled by intermodal four-wave mixing in microstructured fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2173–2175 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-32-15-2173 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- K. Schuster, J. Kobelke, S. Grimm, A. Schwuchow, J. Kirchhof, H. Bartelt, A. Gebhardt, P. Leproux, V. Couderc, and W. Urbanczyk, “Microstructured fibers with highly nonlinear materials,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 39(12-13), 1057–1069 (2007). [CrossRef]
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- V. Tombelaine, P. Leproux, V. Couderc, and A. Barthélémy, “Visible supercontinuum generation in holey fibers by dual-wavelength subnanosecond pumping,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(23), 2466–2468 (2006). [CrossRef]
- C. Lesvigne, V. Couderc, A. Tonello, P. Leproux, A. Barthélémy, S. Lacroix, F. Druon, P. Blandin, M. Hanna, and P. Georges, “Visible supercontinuum generation controlled by intermodal four-wave mixing in microstructured fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2173–2175 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-32-15-2173 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B.-W. Liu, M.-L. Hu, X.-H. Fang, Y.-F. Li, L. Chai, C.-Y. Wang, W. Tong, J. Luo, A. A. Voronin, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Stabilized soliton self-frequency shift and 0.1- PHz sideband generation in a photonic-crystal fiber with an air-hole-modified core,” Opt. Express 16(19), 14987–14996 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-19-14987 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Brilland, F. Smektala, G. Renversez, T. Chartier, J. Troles, T. Nguyen, N. Traynor, and A. Monteville, “Fabrication of complex structures of Holey Fibers in Chalcogenide glass,” Opt. Express 14(3), 1280–1285 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-3-1280 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Brilland, F. Smektala, G. Renversez, T. Chartier, J. Troles, T. Nguyen, N. Traynor, and A. Monteville, “Fabrication of complex structures of Holey Fibers in Chalcogenide glass,” Opt. Express 14(3), 1280–1285 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-3-1280 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Schreiber, T. Andersen, D. Schimpf, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Supercontinuum generation by femtosecond single and dual wavelength pumping in photonic crystal fibers with two zero dispersion wavelengths,” Opt. Express 13(23), 9556–9569 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-23-9556 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Schuster, J. Kobelke, S. Grimm, A. Schwuchow, J. Kirchhof, H. Bartelt, A. Gebhardt, P. Leproux, V. Couderc, and W. Urbanczyk, “Microstructured fibers with highly nonlinear materials,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 39(12-13), 1057–1069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- B.-W. Liu, M.-L. Hu, X.-H. Fang, Y.-F. Li, L. Chai, C.-Y. Wang, W. Tong, J. Luo, A. A. Voronin, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Stabilized soliton self-frequency shift and 0.1- PHz sideband generation in a photonic-crystal fiber with an air-hole-modified core,” Opt. Express 16(19), 14987–14996 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-19-14987 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Hundertmark, D. Kracht, D. Wandt, C. Fallnich, V. V. Kumar, A. George, J. Knight, and P. Russell, “Supercontinuum generation with 200 pJ laser pulses in an extruded SF6 fiber at 1560 nm,” Opt. Express 11(24), 3196–3201 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-11-24-3196 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto, “Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs,” Opt. Express 16(10), 7161–7168 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-10-7161 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B.-W. Liu, M.-L. Hu, X.-H. Fang, Y.-F. Li, L. Chai, C.-Y. Wang, W. Tong, J. Luo, A. A. Voronin, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Stabilized soliton self-frequency shift and 0.1- PHz sideband generation in a photonic-crystal fiber with an air-hole-modified core,” Opt. Express 16(19), 14987–14996 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-19-14987 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. L. Hoo, W. Jin, J. Ju, H. L. Ho, and D. N. Wang, “Design of photonic crystal fibers with iltra-low, ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion,” Opt. Commun. 242(4-6), 327–332 (2004). [CrossRef]
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- F. G. Omenetto, N. A. Wolchover, M. R. Wehner, M. Ross, A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, V. V. R. K. Kumar, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, N. Y. Joly, and P. St. J. Russell, “Spectrally smooth supercontinuum from 350 nm to 3 mum in sub-centimeter lengths of soft-glass photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4928–4934 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-11-4928 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- F. G. Omenetto, N. A. Wolchover, M. R. Wehner, M. Ross, A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, V. V. R. K. Kumar, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, N. Y. Joly, and P. St. J. Russell, “Spectrally smooth supercontinuum from 350 nm to 3 mum in sub-centimeter lengths of soft-glass photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4928–4934 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-11-4928 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. S. Yin, J. H. Kim, C. Zhan, J. W. An, J. Lee, P. Ruffin, E. Edwards, C. Brantley, and C. Luo, “Supercontinuum generation in single crystal sapphire fibers,” Opt. Commun. 281(5), 1113–1117 (2008). [CrossRef]
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- B.-W. Liu, M.-L. Hu, X.-H. Fang, Y.-F. Li, L. Chai, C.-Y. Wang, W. Tong, J. Luo, A. A. Voronin, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Stabilized soliton self-frequency shift and 0.1- PHz sideband generation in a photonic-crystal fiber with an air-hole-modified core,” Opt. Express 16(19), 14987–14996 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-19-14987 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. E. Serebryannikov and A. M. Zheltikov, “Nanomanagement of dispersion, nonlinearity, and gain of photonic-crystal fibers: qualitative arguments of the Gaussian-mode theory and nonperturbative numerical analysis,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23(8), 1700 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josab/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-23-8-1700 . [CrossRef]
Appl. Opt.
- J. Liu, G. Kai, L. Xue, Z. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Li, C. Zhang, T. Sun, and X. Dong, “Modal cutoff properties in germanium-doped photonic crystal fiber,” Appl. Opt. 45(9), 2035–2038 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ao/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-45-9-2035 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Chin. Opt. Lett.
- T. Sun, G. Kai, Z. Wang, S. Yuan, and X. Dong, “Enhanced nonlinearity in photonic crystal fiber by germanium doping in the core region,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 6(2), 93–95 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/col/abstract.cfm?URI=col-6-2-93 . [CrossRef]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
- V. Tombelaine, P. Leproux, V. Couderc, and A. Barthélémy, “Visible supercontinuum generation in holey fibers by dual-wavelength subnanosecond pumping,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(23), 2466–2468 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Nakajima and M. Ohashi, “Dopant dependence of effective nonlinear refractive index in GeO 2- and F-doped core single-mode fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(4), 492–494 (2002). [CrossRef]
J. Lightwave Technol.
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J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
- E. E. Serebryannikov and A. M. Zheltikov, “Nanomanagement of dispersion, nonlinearity, and gain of photonic-crystal fibers: qualitative arguments of the Gaussian-mode theory and nonperturbative numerical analysis,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23(8), 1700 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josab/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-23-8-1700 . [CrossRef]
Opt. Commun.
- Y. L. Hoo, W. Jin, J. Ju, H. L. Ho, and D. N. Wang, “Design of photonic crystal fibers with iltra-low, ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion,” Opt. Commun. 242(4-6), 327–332 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. S. Yin, J. H. Kim, C. Zhan, J. W. An, J. Lee, P. Ruffin, E. Edwards, C. Brantley, and C. Luo, “Supercontinuum generation in single crystal sapphire fibers,” Opt. Commun. 281(5), 1113–1117 (2008). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- F. G. Omenetto, N. A. Wolchover, M. R. Wehner, M. Ross, A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, V. V. R. K. Kumar, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, N. Y. Joly, and P. St. J. Russell, “Spectrally smooth supercontinuum from 350 nm to 3 mum in sub-centimeter lengths of soft-glass photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4928–4934 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-11-4928 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Hundertmark, D. Kracht, D. Wandt, C. Fallnich, V. V. Kumar, A. George, J. Knight, and P. Russell, “Supercontinuum generation with 200 pJ laser pulses in an extruded SF6 fiber at 1560 nm,” Opt. Express 11(24), 3196–3201 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-11-24-3196 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. V. Kumar, A. George, W. Reeves, J. Knight, P. Russell, F. Omenetto, and A. Taylor, “Extruded soft glass photonic crystal fiber for ultrabroad supercontinuum generation,” Opt. Express 10(25), 1520–1525 (2002), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-10-25-1520 . [PubMed]
- M. H. Frosz, P. M. Moselund, P. D. Rasmussen, C. L. Thomsen, and O. Bang, “Increasing the blue-shift of a supercontinuum by modifying the fiber glass composition,” Opt. Express 16(25), 21076–21086 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-25-21076 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto, “Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs,” Opt. Express 16(10), 7161–7168 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-10-7161 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. V. Kumar, A. George, J. Knight, and P. Russell, “Tellurite photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Express 11(20), 2641–2645 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-11-20-2641 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Gopinath, H. Shen, H. Sotobayashi, E. Ippen, T. Hasegawa, T. Nagashima, and N. Sugimoto, “Highly nonlinear bismuth-oxide fiber for smooth supercontinuum generation at 1.5 microm,” Opt. Express 12(23), 5697–5702 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-12-23-5697 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Brilland, F. Smektala, G. Renversez, T. Chartier, J. Troles, T. Nguyen, N. Traynor, and A. Monteville, “Fabrication of complex structures of Holey Fibers in Chalcogenide glass,” Opt. Express 14(3), 1280–1285 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-3-1280 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B.-W. Liu, M.-L. Hu, X.-H. Fang, Y.-F. Li, L. Chai, C.-Y. Wang, W. Tong, J. Luo, A. A. Voronin, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Stabilized soliton self-frequency shift and 0.1- PHz sideband generation in a photonic-crystal fiber with an air-hole-modified core,” Opt. Express 16(19), 14987–14996 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-19-14987 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Rarity, J. Fulconis, J. Duligall, W. Wadsworth, and P. Russell, “Photonic crystal fiber source of correlated photon pairs,” Opt. Express 13(2), 534–544 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-2-534 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Räikkönen, G. Genty, O. Kimmelma, M. Kaivola, K. P. Hansen, and S. C. Buchter, “Supercontinuum generation by nanosecond dual-wavelength pumping in microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Express 14(17), 7914–7923 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-17-7914 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Opt. Lett.
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Opt. Quantum Electron.
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Other
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2008, Domachuk, Opt. Express
- P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto, “Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs,” Opt. Express 16(10), 7161–7168 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-10-7161 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. S. Yin, J. H. Kim, C. Zhan, J. W. An, J. Lee, P. Ruffin, E. Edwards, C. Brantley, and C. Luo, “Supercontinuum generation in single crystal sapphire fibers,” Opt. Commun. 281(5), 1113–1117 (2008). [CrossRef]
- B.-W. Liu, M.-L. Hu, X.-H. Fang, Y.-F. Li, L. Chai, C.-Y. Wang, W. Tong, J. Luo, A. A. Voronin, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Stabilized soliton self-frequency shift and 0.1- PHz sideband generation in a photonic-crystal fiber with an air-hole-modified core,” Opt. Express 16(19), 14987–14996 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-19-14987 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Schuster, J. Kobelke, S. Grimm, A. Schwuchow, J. Kirchhof, H. Bartelt, A. Gebhardt, P. Leproux, V. Couderc, and W. Urbanczyk, “Microstructured fibers with highly nonlinear materials,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 39(12-13), 1057–1069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- C. Lesvigne, V. Couderc, A. Tonello, P. Leproux, A. Barthélémy, S. Lacroix, F. Druon, P. Blandin, M. Hanna, and P. Georges, “Visible supercontinuum generation controlled by intermodal four-wave mixing in microstructured fiber,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2173–2175 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-32-15-2173 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. G. Omenetto, N. A. Wolchover, M. R. Wehner, M. Ross, A. Efimov, A. J. Taylor, V. V. R. K. Kumar, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, N. Y. Joly, and P. St. J. Russell, “Spectrally smooth supercontinuum from 350 nm to 3 mum in sub-centimeter lengths of soft-glass photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4928–4934 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-11-4928 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Brilland, F. Smektala, G. Renversez, T. Chartier, J. Troles, T. Nguyen, N. Traynor, and A. Monteville, “Fabrication of complex structures of Holey Fibers in Chalcogenide glass,” Opt. Express 14(3), 1280–1285 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-3-1280 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. E. Serebryannikov and A. M. Zheltikov, “Nanomanagement of dispersion, nonlinearity, and gain of photonic-crystal fibers: qualitative arguments of the Gaussian-mode theory and nonperturbative numerical analysis,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23(8), 1700 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josab/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-23-8-1700 . [CrossRef]
- V. Tombelaine, P. Leproux, V. Couderc, and A. Barthélémy, “Visible supercontinuum generation in holey fibers by dual-wavelength subnanosecond pumping,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(23), 2466–2468 (2006). [CrossRef]
- E. Räikkönen, G. Genty, O. Kimmelma, M. Kaivola, K. P. Hansen, and S. C. Buchter, “Supercontinuum generation by nanosecond dual-wavelength pumping in microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Express 14(17), 7914–7923 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-17-7914 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Schreiber, T. Andersen, D. Schimpf, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Supercontinuum generation by femtosecond single and dual wavelength pumping in photonic crystal fibers with two zero dispersion wavelengths,” Opt. Express 13(23), 9556–9569 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-23-9556 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. L. Hoo, W. Jin, J. Ju, H. L. Ho, and D. N. Wang, “Design of photonic crystal fibers with iltra-low, ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion,” Opt. Commun. 242(4-6), 327–332 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. Gopinath, H. Shen, H. Sotobayashi, E. Ippen, T. Hasegawa, T. Nagashima, and N. Sugimoto, “Highly nonlinear bismuth-oxide fiber for smooth supercontinuum generation at 1.5 microm,” Opt. Express 12(23), 5697–5702 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-12-23-5697 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Hundertmark, D. Kracht, D. Wandt, C. Fallnich, V. V. Kumar, A. George, J. Knight, and P. Russell, “Supercontinuum generation with 200 pJ laser pulses in an extruded SF6 fiber at 1560 nm,” Opt. Express 11(24), 3196–3201 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-11-24-3196 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Nakajima and M. Ohashi, “Dopant dependence of effective nonlinear refractive index in GeO 2- and F-doped core single-mode fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(4), 492–494 (2002). [CrossRef]
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