Manipulating nonsequential double
ionization via alignment of asymmetric
molecules

doi:10.1364/OE.17.015550

Manipulating nonsequential double ionization via alignment of asymmetric molecules

Qing Liao and Peixiang Lu »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 18, pp. 15550-15557 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.015550

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Abstract

Using classical three-dimensional ensembles, we demonstrate that nonsequential double ionization of HeH⁺ molecules in an intense laser field can be manipulated by controlling the alignment of the molecular axis relative to the laser field. Both the symmetry of the correlated electron momentum spectrum in the direction parallel to the laser field and the total double ionization yield strongly depend on the angle between the molecular axis and the laser field. When the molecular axis is aligned parallel to the laser field, double ionization is most probable and the correlated electron momentum spectrum parallel to the laser field from nonsequential double ionization exhibits the most asymmetry with respect to the minor diagonal.

OCIS Codes
(020.4180) Atomic and molecular physics : Multiphoton processes
(190.4180) Nonlinear optics : Multiphoton processes
(260.3230) Physical optics : Ionization
(270.6620) Quantum optics : Strong-field processes

ToC Category:
Atomic and Molecular Physics

History
Original Manuscript: July 14, 2009
Revised Manuscript: August 8, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: August 17, 2009
Published: August 18, 2009

Citation
Qing Liao and Peixiang Lu, "Manipulating nonsequential double ionization via alignment of asymmetric molecules," Opt. Express 17, 15550-15557 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-18-15550

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References

P. B. Corkum, "Plasma perspective on strong-field multiphoton ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1994-1997 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Th. Weber, H. Giessen, M. Weckenbrock, G. Urbasch, A. Staudte, L. Spielberger, O. Jagutzki, V. Mergel, M. Vollmer, and R. Dörner, "Correlated electron emission in multiphoton double ionization," Nature 405, 658-661 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. Feuerstein, R. Moshammer, D. Fischer, A. Dorn, C. D. Schröter, J. Deipenwisch, J. R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, C. Höhr, P. Neumayer, J. Ullrich, H. Rottke, C. Trump, M. Wittmann, G. Korn, and W. Sandner, "Separation of recollision mechanisms in nonsequential strong field double ionization of Ar: the role of excitation tunneling," Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 043003 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Weckenbrock, A. Becker, A. Staudte, S. Kammer, M. Smolarski, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, D. M. Villeneuve, P. B. Corkum, and R. Dörner, "Electron-electron momentum exchange in strong field double ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 123004 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Weckenbrock, D. Zeidler, A. Staudte, Th. Weber, M . Schöffler, M. Meckel, S. Kammer, M. Smolarski, O. Jagutzki, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, D. M. Villeneuve, P. B . Corkum, and R. Dörner, "Fully differential rates for femtosecond multiphoton double ionization of neon, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 213002 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Staudte,C. Ruiz, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, D. Zeidler, Th. Weber, M. Meckel, D. M. Villeneuve, P. B. Corkum, A. Becker, and R. Dörner, "Binary and recoil collisions in strong field double ionization of helium," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 263002 (2007). [CrossRef]
A. Rudenko, V. L. B. de Jesus, Th. Ergler, K. Zrost, B. Feuerstein, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, "Correlated two-electron momentum spectra for strong-field nonsequential double ionization of He at 800 nm," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 263003 (2007). [CrossRef]
Y. Liu, S. Tschuch, A. Rudenko, M. Dörr, M. Siegel, U. Morgner, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, "Strong-field double ionization of Ar below the recollision threshold," Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 053001 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. S. Alnaser, T. Osipov, E. P. Benis, A. Wech, B. Shan, C. L. Cocke, X. M. Tong, and C. D. Lin, "Rescattering double ionization of D2 and H2 by intense laser pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 163002 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. S. Alnaser, S. Voss, X. M. Tong, C. M. Maharjan, P. Ranitovic, B. Ulrich, T. Osipov, B. Shan, Z. Chang, and C. L. Cocke, "Effects of molecular structure on ion Disintegration patterns in ionization of O2 and N2 by short laser pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 113003 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Saugout and C. Cornaggia, "Temporal separation of H2 double-ionization channels using intense ultrashort 10-fs laser pulses," Phys. Rev. A 73, 041406(R) (2006). [CrossRef]
E. Eremina, X. Liu, H. Rottke,W. Sandner,M. G. Schätzel, A. Dreischuh, G. G. Paulus, H. Walther, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, "Influence of molecular structure on double ionization of N2 and O2 by high intensity ultrashort laser pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 173001 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Liu, D. F. Ye, J. Chen, and X. Liu, "Complex dynamics of correlated electrons in molecular double ionization by an ultrashort intense laser pulse," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 013003 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. Zeidler, A. Staudte, A. B. Bardon, D. M. Villeneuve, R. Dörner, and P. B. Corkum, "Controlling attosecond double ionization dynamics via molecular alignment," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203003 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. L. Kamta and A. D. Bandrauk, "Phase dependence of enhanced ionization in asymmetric molecules," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 203003 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Q. Liao, P. Lu, P. Lan, W. Cao, and Y. Li, "Phase dependence of high-order above-threshold ionization in asymmetric molecules," Phys. Rev. A 77, 013408 (2008). [CrossRef]
Q. Liao, P. Lu, Q. Zhang, Z. Yang, and X. Wang, "Double ionization of HeH+ molecules in intense laser fields," Opt. Express 16, 17070-17075 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. L. Haan, L. Breen, A. Karim, and J. H. Eberly, "Variable time lag and backward ejection in full-dimensional analysis of strong-field double ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 103008 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. E. Banyard, M. Dixon, and A. D. Tait, "Influence of electron correlation on vibrational and rotational constants for HeH+," J. Phys. B 5, L160-L163 (1972). [CrossRef]
S. L. Haan, J. S. Van Dyke, and Z. S. Smith, "Recollision excitation, electron correlation, and the production of high-momentum electrons in double ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 113001 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. Li, J. Chen, S. P. Yang, and J. Liu, "Alignment effect in nonsequential double ionization of diatomic molecules in strong laser fields," Phys. Rev. A 76, 023401 (2007). [CrossRef]
S. L. Haan and Z. S. Smith, "Classical explanation for electrons above energy 2Up in strong-field double ionization at 390 nm," Phys. Rev. A 76, 053412 (2007). [CrossRef]
R. Panfili, S. L. Haan, and J. H. Eberly, "Slow-down collisions and nonsequential double ionization in classical simulations," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 113001 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Becker and F. H. M. Faisal, "S-matrix analysis of coincident measurement of two-electron energy distribution for double ionization of He in an intense laser field," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 193003 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. Zeidler, A. B. Bardon, A. Staudte, D. M. Villeneuve, R. Dörner, and P. B. Corkum, "Alignment independence of the instantaneous ionization rate for nitrogen molecules," J. Phys. B 39, L159-L166 (2006). [CrossRef]
X. M. Tong, Z. X. Zhao, and C. D. Lin, "Theory of molecular tunneling ionization," Phys. Rev. A 66, 033402 (2002). [CrossRef]

Alnaser, A. S.
Bandrauk, A. D.
Banyard, K. E.
Bardon, A. B.
Becker, A.
Benis, E. P.
Bhardwaj, V. R.
Breen, L.
Cao, W.
Chang, Z.
Chen, J.
Cocke, C. L.
Corkum, P. B
Corkum, P. B.
Corkum, P. J.
Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, R.
D. Schröter, C.
de Jesus, V. L. B.
Deipenwisch, J.
Dixon, M.
Dorn, A.
Dörner, R.
Dörr, M.
Dreischuh, A.
Eberly, J. H.
Eremina, E.
Ergler, Th.
Faisal, F. H. M.
Feuerstein, B.
Fischer, D.
Giessen, H.
Haan, S. L.
Höhr, C.
Jagutzki, O.
Kammer, S.
Kamta, G. L.
Karim, A.
Korn, G.
Lan, P.
Li, Y.
Liao, Q.
Lin, C. D.
Liu, J.
Liu, X.
Liu, Y.
Lu, P.
Maharjan, C. M.
Meckel, M.
Mergel, V.
Morgner, U.
Moshammer, R.
Neumayer, P.
Osipov, T.
Panfili, R.
Paulus, G. G.
Ranitovic, P.
Rayner, D. M.
Rottke, H.
Rudenko, A.
Ruiz, C.
Sandner, W.
Schätzel, M. G.
Schöffler, M
Schöffler, M.
Schössler, S.
Schröter, C. D.
Shan, B.
Siegel, M.
Smith, Z. S.
Smolarski, M.
Spielberger, L.
Staudte, A.
Tait, A. D.
Tong, X. M.
Trump, C.
Tschuch, S.
Ullrich, J.
Ullrich, J.
Ulrich, B.
Urbasch, G.
Van Dyke, J. S.
Villeneuve, D. M.
Vollmer, M.
Voss, S.
Walther, H.
Wang, X.
Weber, Th.
Wech, A.
Weckenbrock, M.
Wittmann, M.
Yang, S. P.
Yang, Z.
Ye, D. F.
Zeidler, D.
Zhang, Q.
Zhao, Z. X.
Zrost, K.

J. Phys. B

K. E. Banyard, M. Dixon, and A. D. Tait, "Influence of electron correlation on vibrational and rotational constants for HeH+," J. Phys. B 5, L160-L163 (1972). [CrossRef]
D. Zeidler, A. B. Bardon, A. Staudte, D. M. Villeneuve, R. Dörner, and P. B. Corkum, "Alignment independence of the instantaneous ionization rate for nitrogen molecules," J. Phys. B 39, L159-L166 (2006). [CrossRef]

Nature

Th. Weber, H. Giessen, M. Weckenbrock, G. Urbasch, A. Staudte, L. Spielberger, O. Jagutzki, V. Mergel, M. Vollmer, and R. Dörner, "Correlated electron emission in multiphoton double ionization," Nature 405, 658-661 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

Q. Liao, P. Lu, Q. Zhang, Z. Yang, and X. Wang, "Double ionization of HeH+ molecules in intense laser fields," Opt. Express 16, 17070-17075 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. A

Q. Liao, P. Lu, P. Lan, W. Cao, and Y. Li, "Phase dependence of high-order above-threshold ionization in asymmetric molecules," Phys. Rev. A 77, 013408 (2008). [CrossRef]
X. M. Tong, Z. X. Zhao, and C. D. Lin, "Theory of molecular tunneling ionization," Phys. Rev. A 66, 033402 (2002). [CrossRef]
Y. Li, J. Chen, S. P. Yang, and J. Liu, "Alignment effect in nonsequential double ionization of diatomic molecules in strong laser fields," Phys. Rev. A 76, 023401 (2007). [CrossRef]
S. L. Haan and Z. S. Smith, "Classical explanation for electrons above energy 2Up in strong-field double ionization at 390 nm," Phys. Rev. A 76, 053412 (2007). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

R. Panfili, S. L. Haan, and J. H. Eberly, "Slow-down collisions and nonsequential double ionization in classical simulations," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 113001 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Becker and F. H. M. Faisal, "S-matrix analysis of coincident measurement of two-electron energy distribution for double ionization of He in an intense laser field," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 193003 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. L. Haan, J. S. Van Dyke, and Z. S. Smith, "Recollision excitation, electron correlation, and the production of high-momentum electrons in double ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 113001 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. B. Corkum, "Plasma perspective on strong-field multiphoton ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1994-1997 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. L. Haan, L. Breen, A. Karim, and J. H. Eberly, "Variable time lag and backward ejection in full-dimensional analysis of strong-field double ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 103008 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
E. Eremina, X. Liu, H. Rottke,W. Sandner,M. G. Schätzel, A. Dreischuh, G. G. Paulus, H. Walther, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, "Influence of molecular structure on double ionization of N2 and O2 by high intensity ultrashort laser pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 173001 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Liu, D. F. Ye, J. Chen, and X. Liu, "Complex dynamics of correlated electrons in molecular double ionization by an ultrashort intense laser pulse," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 013003 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. Zeidler, A. Staudte, A. B. Bardon, D. M. Villeneuve, R. Dörner, and P. B. Corkum, "Controlling attosecond double ionization dynamics via molecular alignment," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203003 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. L. Kamta and A. D. Bandrauk, "Phase dependence of enhanced ionization in asymmetric molecules," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 203003 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. Feuerstein, R. Moshammer, D. Fischer, A. Dorn, C. D. Schröter, J. Deipenwisch, J. R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, C. Höhr, P. Neumayer, J. Ullrich, H. Rottke, C. Trump, M. Wittmann, G. Korn, and W. Sandner, "Separation of recollision mechanisms in nonsequential strong field double ionization of Ar: the role of excitation tunneling," Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 043003 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Weckenbrock, A. Becker, A. Staudte, S. Kammer, M. Smolarski, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, D. M. Villeneuve, P. B. Corkum, and R. Dörner, "Electron-electron momentum exchange in strong field double ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 123004 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Weckenbrock, D. Zeidler, A. Staudte, Th. Weber, M . Schöffler, M. Meckel, S. Kammer, M. Smolarski, O. Jagutzki, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, D. M. Villeneuve, P. B . Corkum, and R. Dörner, "Fully differential rates for femtosecond multiphoton double ionization of neon, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 213002 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Staudte,C. Ruiz, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, D. Zeidler, Th. Weber, M. Meckel, D. M. Villeneuve, P. B. Corkum, A. Becker, and R. Dörner, "Binary and recoil collisions in strong field double ionization of helium," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 263002 (2007). [CrossRef]
A. Rudenko, V. L. B. de Jesus, Th. Ergler, K. Zrost, B. Feuerstein, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, "Correlated two-electron momentum spectra for strong-field nonsequential double ionization of He at 800 nm," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 263003 (2007). [CrossRef]
Y. Liu, S. Tschuch, A. Rudenko, M. Dörr, M. Siegel, U. Morgner, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, "Strong-field double ionization of Ar below the recollision threshold," Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 053001 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. S. Alnaser, T. Osipov, E. P. Benis, A. Wech, B. Shan, C. L. Cocke, X. M. Tong, and C. D. Lin, "Rescattering double ionization of D2 and H2 by intense laser pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 163002 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. S. Alnaser, S. Voss, X. M. Tong, C. M. Maharjan, P. Ranitovic, B. Ulrich, T. Osipov, B. Shan, Z. Chang, and C. L. Cocke, "Effects of molecular structure on ion Disintegration patterns in ionization of O2 and N2 by short laser pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 113003 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

S. Saugout and C. Cornaggia, "Temporal separation of H2 double-ionization channels using intense ultrashort 10-fs laser pulses," Phys. Rev. A 73, 041406(R) (2006). [CrossRef]

2008, Liu, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2008, Haan, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2008, Liao, Phys. Rev. A
2008, Liao, Opt. Express
2007, Li, Phys. Rev. A
2007, Haan, Phys. Rev. A
2007, Liu, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2007, Staudte, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2007, Rudenko, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2006, Haan, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2006, Zeidler, J. Phys. B
2005, Zeidler, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2005, Kamta, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2004, Alnaser, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2004, Eremina, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2004, Weckenbrock, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2003, Alnaser, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2003, Weckenbrock, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2002, Panfili, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2002, Becker, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2002, Tong, Phys. Rev. A
2001, Feuerstein, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2000, Weber, Nature
1993, Corkum, Phys. Rev. Lett.
1972, Banyard, J. Phys. B

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[1] P. B. Corkum, "Plasma perspective on strong-field multiphoton ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1994-1997 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] Th. Weber, H. Giessen, M. Weckenbrock, G. Urbasch, A. Staudte, L. Spielberger, O. Jagutzki, V. Mergel, M. Vollmer, and R. Dörner, "Correlated electron emission in multiphoton double ionization," Nature 405, 658-661 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] B. Feuerstein, R. Moshammer, D. Fischer, A. Dorn, C. D. Schröter, J. Deipenwisch, J. R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, C. Höhr, P. Neumayer, J. Ullrich, H. Rottke, C. Trump, M. Wittmann, G. Korn, and W. Sandner, "Separation of recollision mechanisms in nonsequential strong field double ionization of Ar: the role of excitation tunneling," Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 043003 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] M. Weckenbrock, A. Becker, A. Staudte, S. Kammer, M. Smolarski, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, D. M. Villeneuve, P. B. Corkum, and R. Dörner, "Electron-electron momentum exchange in strong field double ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 123004 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] M. Weckenbrock, D. Zeidler, A. Staudte, Th. Weber, M . Schöffler, M. Meckel, S. Kammer, M. Smolarski, O. Jagutzki, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, D. M. Villeneuve, P. B . Corkum, and R. Dörner, "Fully differential rates for femtosecond multiphoton double ionization of neon, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 213002 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] A. Staudte,C. Ruiz, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, D. Zeidler, Th. Weber, M. Meckel, D. M. Villeneuve, P. B. Corkum, A. Becker, and R. Dörner, "Binary and recoil collisions in strong field double ionization of helium," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 263002 (2007). [CrossRef]

[7] A. Rudenko, V. L. B. de Jesus, Th. Ergler, K. Zrost, B. Feuerstein, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, "Correlated two-electron momentum spectra for strong-field nonsequential double ionization of He at 800 nm," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 263003 (2007). [CrossRef]

[8] Y. Liu, S. Tschuch, A. Rudenko, M. Dörr, M. Siegel, U. Morgner, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, "Strong-field double ionization of Ar below the recollision threshold," Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 053001 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] A. S. Alnaser, T. Osipov, E. P. Benis, A. Wech, B. Shan, C. L. Cocke, X. M. Tong, and C. D. Lin, "Rescattering double ionization of D2 and H2 by intense laser pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 163002 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] A. S. Alnaser, S. Voss, X. M. Tong, C. M. Maharjan, P. Ranitovic, B. Ulrich, T. Osipov, B. Shan, Z. Chang, and C. L. Cocke, "Effects of molecular structure on ion Disintegration patterns in ionization of O2 and N2 by short laser pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 113003 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] S. Saugout and C. Cornaggia, "Temporal separation of H2 double-ionization channels using intense ultrashort 10-fs laser pulses," Phys. Rev. A 73, 041406(R) (2006). [CrossRef]

[12] E. Eremina, X. Liu, H. Rottke,W. Sandner,M. G. Schätzel, A. Dreischuh, G. G. Paulus, H. Walther, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, "Influence of molecular structure on double ionization of N2 and O2 by high intensity ultrashort laser pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 173001 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] J. Liu, D. F. Ye, J. Chen, and X. Liu, "Complex dynamics of correlated electrons in molecular double ionization by an ultrashort intense laser pulse," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 013003 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] D. Zeidler, A. Staudte, A. B. Bardon, D. M. Villeneuve, R. Dörner, and P. B. Corkum, "Controlling attosecond double ionization dynamics via molecular alignment," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203003 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] G. L. Kamta and A. D. Bandrauk, "Phase dependence of enhanced ionization in asymmetric molecules," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 203003 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] Q. Liao, P. Lu, P. Lan, W. Cao, and Y. Li, "Phase dependence of high-order above-threshold ionization in asymmetric molecules," Phys. Rev. A 77, 013408 (2008). [CrossRef]

[17] Q. Liao, P. Lu, Q. Zhang, Z. Yang, and X. Wang, "Double ionization of HeH+ molecules in intense laser fields," Opt. Express 16, 17070-17075 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] S. L. Haan, L. Breen, A. Karim, and J. H. Eberly, "Variable time lag and backward ejection in full-dimensional analysis of strong-field double ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 103008 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[19] K. E. Banyard, M. Dixon, and A. D. Tait, "Influence of electron correlation on vibrational and rotational constants for HeH+," J. Phys. B 5, L160-L163 (1972). [CrossRef]

[20] S. L. Haan, J. S. Van Dyke, and Z. S. Smith, "Recollision excitation, electron correlation, and the production of high-momentum electrons in double ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 113001 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[21] Y. Li, J. Chen, S. P. Yang, and J. Liu, "Alignment effect in nonsequential double ionization of diatomic molecules in strong laser fields," Phys. Rev. A 76, 023401 (2007). [CrossRef]

[22] S. L. Haan and Z. S. Smith, "Classical explanation for electrons above energy 2Up in strong-field double ionization at 390 nm," Phys. Rev. A 76, 053412 (2007). [CrossRef]

[23] R. Panfili, S. L. Haan, and J. H. Eberly, "Slow-down collisions and nonsequential double ionization in classical simulations," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 113001 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[24] A. Becker and F. H. M. Faisal, "S-matrix analysis of coincident measurement of two-electron energy distribution for double ionization of He in an intense laser field," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 193003 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[25] D. Zeidler, A. B. Bardon, A. Staudte, D. M. Villeneuve, R. Dörner, and P. B. Corkum, "Alignment independence of the instantaneous ionization rate for nitrogen molecules," J. Phys. B 39, L159-L166 (2006). [CrossRef]

[26] X. M. Tong, Z. X. Zhao, and C. D. Lin, "Theory of molecular tunneling ionization," Phys. Rev. A 66, 033402 (2002). [CrossRef]

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