Atomic magnetometry with maximally polarized states

doi:10.1364/OE.17.016776

Atomic magnetometry with maximally polarized states

Ran Fischer, Ofer Firstenberg, Moshe Shuker, and Amiram Ron »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 19, pp. 16776-16782 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.016776

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Abstract

A new magnetometry method based on electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) with maximally polarized states is demonstrated. An EIT hyperfine resonance, comprising the $m_{F} = F$ state (end-state), is observed at a non-zero angle between the laser beam and the magnetic field. The method takes advantage of the process of end-state pumping, a well-known rival of simpler EIT magnetometry schemes, and therefore benefits at a high laser power. An experimental demonstration and a numerical analysis of the magnetometry method are presented. The analysis points on a clear sensitivity advantage of the end-state EIT magnetometer.

OCIS Codes
(020.3690) Atomic and molecular physics : Line shapes and shifts
(270.1670) Quantum optics : Coherent optical effects

ToC Category:
Quantum Optics

History
Original Manuscript: June 1, 2009
Revised Manuscript: June 28, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: June 30, 2009
Published: September 4, 2009

Citation
Ran Fischer, Ofer Firstenberg, Moshe Shuker, and Amiram Ron, "Atomic magnetometry with maximally polarized states," Opt. Express 17, 16776-16782 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-19-16776

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References

D. Budker and M. Romalis, “Optical magnetometry,” Nat. Phys. 3(4), 227–234 (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys566 . [CrossRef]
D. Budker, W. Gawlik, D. F. Kimball, S. M. Rochester, V. V. Yashchuk, and A. Weis, “Resonant nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atoms,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 74(4), 1153–1201 (2002), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.74.1153 . [CrossRef]
D. Budker, D. F. Kimball, S. M. Rochester, V. V. Yashchuk, and M. Zolotorev, “Sensitive magnetometry based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation,” Phys. Rev. A 62(4), 043403 (2000), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.62.043403 . [CrossRef]
I. K. Kominis, T. W. Kornack, J. C. Allred, and M. V. Romalis, “A subfemtotesla multichannel atomic magnetometer,” Nature 422(6932), 596–599 (2003), http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01484 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. D. D. Schwindt, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, “Self-oscillating rubidium magnetometer using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation,” Rev. Sci. Inst. 76(12), 126103 (pages 4) (2005). http://link.aip.org/link/?RSINAK/76/126103/1 .
P. D. D. Schwindt, S. Knappe, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, “Chip-scale atomic magnetometer,” App. Phys. Lett. 85(26), 6409–6411 (2004). http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/85/6409/1 .
H. Lee, M. Fleischhauer, and M. O. Scully, “Sensitive detection of magnetic fields including their orientation with a magnetometer based on atomic phase coherence,” Phys. Rev. A 58(3), 2587–2595 (1998), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2587 . [CrossRef]
J. Belfi, G. Bevilacqua, V. Biancalana, S. Cartaleva, Y. Dancheva, and L. Moi, “Cesium coherent population trapping magnetometer for cardiosignal detection in an unshielded environment,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24(9), 2357–2362 (2007), http://josab.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-24-9-2357 . [CrossRef]
E. Arimondo, Coherent Population Trapping in Laser Spectroscopy, Progress in Optics, vol. 35 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1996).
Y.-Y. Jau, A. B. Post, N. N. Kuzma, A. M. Braun, M. V. Romalis, and W. Happer, “Intense, narrow atomic-clock resonances,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(11), 110801 (2004), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.110801 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Vanier, M. W. Levine, D. Janssen, and M. Delaney, “Contrast and linewidth of the coherent population trapping transmission hyperfine resonance line in 87Rb: Effect of optical pumping,” Phys. Rev. A 67(6), 065801 (pages 4) (2003). http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.67.065801 .
M. Shuker, O. Firstenberg, Y. Sagi, A. Ben-kish, N. Davidson, and A. Ron, “Ramsey-like measurement of the decoherence rate between Zeeman sublevels,” Phys. Rev. A 78(6), 063818 (pages 7) (2008). http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v78/e063818 .

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

J. Belfi, G. Bevilacqua, V. Biancalana, S. Cartaleva, Y. Dancheva, and L. Moi, “Cesium coherent population trapping magnetometer for cardiosignal detection in an unshielded environment,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24(9), 2357–2362 (2007), http://josab.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-24-9-2357 . [CrossRef]

Nat. Phys.

D. Budker and M. Romalis, “Optical magnetometry,” Nat. Phys. 3(4), 227–234 (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys566 . [CrossRef]

Nature

I. K. Kominis, T. W. Kornack, J. C. Allred, and M. V. Romalis, “A subfemtotesla multichannel atomic magnetometer,” Nature 422(6932), 596–599 (2003), http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01484 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. A

D. Budker, D. F. Kimball, S. M. Rochester, V. V. Yashchuk, and M. Zolotorev, “Sensitive magnetometry based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation,” Phys. Rev. A 62(4), 043403 (2000), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.62.043403 . [CrossRef]
H. Lee, M. Fleischhauer, and M. O. Scully, “Sensitive detection of magnetic fields including their orientation with a magnetometer based on atomic phase coherence,” Phys. Rev. A 58(3), 2587–2595 (1998), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2587 . [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Y.-Y. Jau, A. B. Post, N. N. Kuzma, A. M. Braun, M. V. Romalis, and W. Happer, “Intense, narrow atomic-clock resonances,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(11), 110801 (2004), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.110801 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Rev. Mod. Phys.

D. Budker, W. Gawlik, D. F. Kimball, S. M. Rochester, V. V. Yashchuk, and A. Weis, “Resonant nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atoms,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 74(4), 1153–1201 (2002), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.74.1153 . [CrossRef]

Other

P. D. D. Schwindt, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, “Self-oscillating rubidium magnetometer using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation,” Rev. Sci. Inst. 76(12), 126103 (pages 4) (2005). http://link.aip.org/link/?RSINAK/76/126103/1 .
P. D. D. Schwindt, S. Knappe, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, “Chip-scale atomic magnetometer,” App. Phys. Lett. 85(26), 6409–6411 (2004). http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/85/6409/1 .
E. Arimondo, Coherent Population Trapping in Laser Spectroscopy, Progress in Optics, vol. 35 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1996).
J. Vanier, M. W. Levine, D. Janssen, and M. Delaney, “Contrast and linewidth of the coherent population trapping transmission hyperfine resonance line in 87Rb: Effect of optical pumping,” Phys. Rev. A 67(6), 065801 (pages 4) (2003). http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.67.065801 .
M. Shuker, O. Firstenberg, Y. Sagi, A. Ben-kish, N. Davidson, and A. Ron, “Ramsey-like measurement of the decoherence rate between Zeeman sublevels,” Phys. Rev. A 78(6), 063818 (pages 7) (2008). http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v78/e063818 .

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[1] D. Budker and M. Romalis, “Optical magnetometry,” Nat. Phys. 3(4), 227–234 (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys566 . [CrossRef]

[2] D. Budker, W. Gawlik, D. F. Kimball, S. M. Rochester, V. V. Yashchuk, and A. Weis, “Resonant nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atoms,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 74(4), 1153–1201 (2002), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.74.1153 . [CrossRef]

[3] D. Budker, D. F. Kimball, S. M. Rochester, V. V. Yashchuk, and M. Zolotorev, “Sensitive magnetometry based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation,” Phys. Rev. A 62(4), 043403 (2000), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.62.043403 . [CrossRef]

[4] I. K. Kominis, T. W. Kornack, J. C. Allred, and M. V. Romalis, “A subfemtotesla multichannel atomic magnetometer,” Nature 422(6932), 596–599 (2003), http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01484 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] P. D. D. Schwindt, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, “Self-oscillating rubidium magnetometer using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation,” Rev. Sci. Inst. 76(12), 126103 (pages 4) (2005). http://link.aip.org/link/?RSINAK/76/126103/1 .

[6] P. D. D. Schwindt, S. Knappe, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, “Chip-scale atomic magnetometer,” App. Phys. Lett. 85(26), 6409–6411 (2004). http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/85/6409/1 .

[7] H. Lee, M. Fleischhauer, and M. O. Scully, “Sensitive detection of magnetic fields including their orientation with a magnetometer based on atomic phase coherence,” Phys. Rev. A 58(3), 2587–2595 (1998), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2587 . [CrossRef]

[8] J. Belfi, G. Bevilacqua, V. Biancalana, S. Cartaleva, Y. Dancheva, and L. Moi, “Cesium coherent population trapping magnetometer for cardiosignal detection in an unshielded environment,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24(9), 2357–2362 (2007), http://josab.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-24-9-2357 . [CrossRef]

[9] E. Arimondo, Coherent Population Trapping in Laser Spectroscopy, Progress in Optics, vol. 35 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1996).

[10] Y.-Y. Jau, A. B. Post, N. N. Kuzma, A. M. Braun, M. V. Romalis, and W. Happer, “Intense, narrow atomic-clock resonances,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(11), 110801 (2004), http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.110801 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] J. Vanier, M. W. Levine, D. Janssen, and M. Delaney, “Contrast and linewidth of the coherent population trapping transmission hyperfine resonance line in 87Rb: Effect of optical pumping,” Phys. Rev. A 67(6), 065801 (pages 4) (2003). http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.67.065801 .

[12] M. Shuker, O. Firstenberg, Y. Sagi, A. Ben-kish, N. Davidson, and A. Ron, “Ramsey-like measurement of the decoherence rate between Zeeman sublevels,” Phys. Rev. A 78(6), 063818 (pages 7) (2008). http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v78/e063818 .

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Atomic magnetometry with maximally polarized states

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