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Nonlinear optical frequency conversion of an amplified Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser
Rainer Leonhardt, Benjamin R. Biedermann, Wolfgang Wieser, and Robert Huber »View Author Affiliations
1Physics Dept, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
2Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany
3Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany
*Corresponding author: Robert.Huber@LMU.DE
Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 19, pp. 16801-16808 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.016801
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Abstract
We report on the highly efficient non-linear optical frequency conversion of the wavelength swept output from a Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser. Different concepts for power scaling of FDML lasers by post-amplification with active fibers are presented. A two-stage post-amplification of an FDML laser with an amplification factor of 300 up to a peak power of 1.5 W is used to supply sufficient power levels for non-linear conversion. Using a single-mode dispersion shifted fiber (DSF), we convert this amplified output that covers the region between 1541 nm and 1545 nm to a wavelength range from 1572 nm to 1663 nm via modulation instability (MI). For this four wave mixing process we observe an efficiency of ~40%. The anti-Stokes signal between 1435 nm and 1516 nm was observed with lower conversion efficiency. In addition to shifting the wavelength, the effect of MI also enables a substantial increase in the wavelength sweep rate of the FDML laser by a factor of ~50 to 0.55 nm/ns.
© 2009 OSA
OCIS Codes
(060.2320) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics amplifiers and oscillators
(060.2410) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fibers, erbium
(140.3600) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, tunable
(190.4370) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics, fibers
(190.4380) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics, four-wave mixing
(230.7405) Optical devices : Wavelength conversion devices
ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics
History
Original Manuscript: July 1, 2009
Revised Manuscript: August 7, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: August 10, 2009
Published: September 4, 2009
Citation
Rainer Leonhardt, Benjamin R. Biedermann, Wolfgang Wieser, and Robert Huber, "Nonlinear optical frequency conversion of an amplified Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser," Opt. Express 17, 16801-16808 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-19-16801
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References
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- V. J. Srinivasan, D. C. Adler, Y. L. Chen, I. Gorczynska, R. Huber, J. S. Duker, J. S. Schuman, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography for three-dimensional and en face imaging of the retina and optic nerve head,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49(11), 5103–5110 (2008), http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/11/5103 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- B. R. Biedermann, W. Wieser, C. M. Eigenwillig, T. Klein, and R. Huber, “Dispersion, coherence and noise of Fourier domain mode locked lasers,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9947–9961 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-12-9947 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- B. R. Biedermann, W. Wieser, C. M. Eigenwillig, G. Palte, D. C. Adler, V. J. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, and R. Huber, “Real time en face Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography with direct hardware frequency demodulation,” Opt. Lett. 33(21), 2556–2558 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-33-21-2556 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. M. Andrews, Y. Chen, M. L. Onozato, S. W. Huang, D. C. Adler, R. A. Huber, J. Jiang, S. E. Barry, A. E. Cable, and J. G. Fujimoto, “High-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging of the living kidney,” Lab. Invest. 88(4), 441–449 (2008), http://www.nature.com/labinvest/journal/v88/n4/full/labinvest20084a.html . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Kranendonk, X. An, A. W. Caswell, R. E. Herold, S. T. Sanders, R. Huber, J. G. Fujimoto, Y. Okura, and Y. Urata, “High speed engine gas thermometry by Fourier-domain mode-locked laser absorption spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 15(23), 15115–15128 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-23-15115 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. X. Mao, C. Flueraru, S. Sherif, and S. D. Chang, “High performance wavelength-swept laser with mode-locking technique for optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Commun. 282(1), 88–92 (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2008.09.059 . [CrossRef]
- A. Y. H. Chen, G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Widely tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 30(7), 762–764 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-7-762 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. K. L. Wong, A. Y. H. Chen, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, N. Y. Joly, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. Russell, “Continuous-wave tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic-crystal fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22(11), 2505–2511 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-22-11-2505 . [CrossRef]
- Y. Wang, W. Liu, J. Fu, and D. Chen, “Quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor system based on a Fourier domain mode locking fiber laser,” Laser Phys. 19(3), 450–454 (2009), http://www.springerlink.com/content/p300147134334266/ . [CrossRef]
- J. S. Y. Chen, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, and J. D. Harvey, “Effect of dispersion fluctuations on widely tunable optical parametric amplification in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9491–9501 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-20-9491 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. M. Andrews, Y. Chen, M. L. Onozato, S. W. Huang, D. C. Adler, R. A. Huber, J. Jiang, S. E. Barry, A. E. Cable, and J. G. Fujimoto, “High-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging of the living kidney,” Lab. Invest. 88(4), 441–449 (2008), http://www.nature.com/labinvest/journal/v88/n4/full/labinvest20084a.html . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Adler, Y. Chen, R. Huber, J. Schmitt, J. Connolly, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Three-dimensional endomicroscopy using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Photonics 1(12), 709–716 (2007), http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v1/n12/abs/nphoton.2007.228.html . [CrossRef]
- V. J. Srinivasan, D. C. Adler, Y. L. Chen, I. Gorczynska, R. Huber, J. S. Duker, J. S. Schuman, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography for three-dimensional and en face imaging of the retina and optic nerve head,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49(11), 5103–5110 (2008), http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/11/5103 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Jung, C. S. Kim, M. Y. Jeong, M. K. Kim, M. Y. Jeon, W. Jung, and Z. P. Chen, “Characterization of FBG sensor interrogation based on a FDML wavelength swept laser,” Opt. Express 16(21), 16552–16560 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-21-16552 . [PubMed]
- M. Y. Jeon, J. Zhang, and Z. P. Chen, “Characterization of Fourier domain mode-locked wavelength swept laser for optical coherence tomography imaging,” Opt. Express 16(6), 3727–3737 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-6-3727 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. S. Y. Hsieh, G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, S. Coen, F. Vanholsbeeck, R. Leonhardt, and J. D. Harvey, “Combined effect of Raman and parametric gain on single-pump parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Express 15(13), 8104–8114 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-13-8104 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. D. Harvey, R. Leonhardt, S. Coen, G. K. L. Wong, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 28(22), 2225–2227 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-28-22-2225 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Adler, Y. Chen, R. Huber, J. Schmitt, J. Connolly, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Three-dimensional endomicroscopy using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Photonics 1(12), 709–716 (2007), http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v1/n12/abs/nphoton.2007.228.html . [CrossRef]
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- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, K. Taira, J. G. Fujimoto, and K. Hsu, “Amplified, frequency swept lasers for frequency domain reflectometry and OCT imaging: design and scaling principles,” Opt. Express 13(9), 3513–3528 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-9-3513 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- G. K. L. Wong, A. Y. H. Chen, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, N. Y. Joly, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. Russell, “Continuous-wave tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic-crystal fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22(11), 2505–2511 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-22-11-2505 . [CrossRef]
- A. Y. H. Chen, G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Widely tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 30(7), 762–764 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-7-762 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. D. Harvey, R. Leonhardt, S. Coen, G. K. L. Wong, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 28(22), 2225–2227 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-28-22-2225 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Wang, W. Liu, J. Fu, and D. Chen, “Quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor system based on a Fourier domain mode locking fiber laser,” Laser Phys. 19(3), 450–454 (2009), http://www.springerlink.com/content/p300147134334266/ . [CrossRef]
- Y. X. Mao, C. Flueraru, S. Sherif, and S. D. Chang, “High performance wavelength-swept laser with mode-locking technique for optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Commun. 282(1), 88–92 (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2008.09.059 . [CrossRef]
- M. E. Marhic, K. K. Y. Wong, and L. G. Kazovsky, “Wide-band tuning of the gain spectra of one-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(5), 1133–1141 (2004), http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1366387&isnumber=29921 . [CrossRef]
- A. S. Y. Hsieh, G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, S. Coen, F. Vanholsbeeck, R. Leonhardt, and J. D. Harvey, “Combined effect of Raman and parametric gain on single-pump parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Express 15(13), 8104–8114 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-13-8104 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Y. Chen, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, and J. D. Harvey, “Effect of dispersion fluctuations on widely tunable optical parametric amplification in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9491–9501 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-20-9491 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. K. L. Wong, A. Y. H. Chen, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, N. Y. Joly, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. Russell, “Continuous-wave tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic-crystal fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22(11), 2505–2511 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-22-11-2505 . [CrossRef]
- A. Y. H. Chen, G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Widely tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 30(7), 762–764 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-7-762 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Kranendonk, X. An, A. W. Caswell, R. E. Herold, S. T. Sanders, R. Huber, J. G. Fujimoto, Y. Okura, and Y. Urata, “High speed engine gas thermometry by Fourier-domain mode-locked laser absorption spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 15(23), 15115–15128 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-23-15115 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. M. Andrews, Y. Chen, M. L. Onozato, S. W. Huang, D. C. Adler, R. A. Huber, J. Jiang, S. E. Barry, A. E. Cable, and J. G. Fujimoto, “High-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging of the living kidney,” Lab. Invest. 88(4), 441–449 (2008), http://www.nature.com/labinvest/journal/v88/n4/full/labinvest20084a.html . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. M. Eigenwillig, B. R. Biedermann, G. Palte, and R. Huber, “K-space linear Fourier domain mode locked laser and applications for optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express 16(12), 8916–8937 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-12-8916 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. R. Biedermann, W. Wieser, C. M. Eigenwillig, G. Palte, D. C. Adler, V. J. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, and R. Huber, “Real time en face Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography with direct hardware frequency demodulation,” Opt. Lett. 33(21), 2556–2558 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-33-21-2556 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Klein, W. Wieser, B. R. Biedermann, C. M. Eigenwillig, G. Palte, and R. Huber, “Raman-pumped Fourier-domain mode-locked laser: analysis of operation and application for optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett. 33(23), 2815–2817 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-33-23-2815 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Jenkins, D. C. Adler, M. Gargesha, R. Huber, F. Rothenberg, J. Belding, M. Watanabe, D. L. Wilson, J. G. Fujimoto, and A. M. Rollins, “Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography imaging and visualization of the embryonic avian heart using a buffered Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser,” Opt. Express 15(10), 6251–6267 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-10-6251 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Jenkins, D. C. Adler, M. Gargesha, R. Huber, F. Rothenberg, J. Belding, M. Watanabe, D. L. Wilson, J. G. Fujimoto, and A. M. Rollins, “Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography imaging and visualization of the embryonic avian heart using a buffered Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser,” Opt. Express 15(10), 6251–6267 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-10-6251 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. K. L. Wong, A. Y. H. Chen, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, N. Y. Joly, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. Russell, “Continuous-wave tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic-crystal fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22(11), 2505–2511 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-22-11-2505 . [CrossRef]
- A. Y. H. Chen, G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Widely tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 30(7), 762–764 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-7-762 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. D. Harvey, R. Leonhardt, S. Coen, G. K. L. Wong, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 28(22), 2225–2227 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-28-22-2225 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Kranendonk, X. An, A. W. Caswell, R. E. Herold, S. T. Sanders, R. Huber, J. G. Fujimoto, Y. Okura, and Y. Urata, “High speed engine gas thermometry by Fourier-domain mode-locked laser absorption spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 15(23), 15115–15128 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-23-15115 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Adler, Y. Chen, R. Huber, J. Schmitt, J. Connolly, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Three-dimensional endomicroscopy using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Photonics 1(12), 709–716 (2007), http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v1/n12/abs/nphoton.2007.228.html . [CrossRef]
- V. J. Srinivasan, D. C. Adler, Y. L. Chen, I. Gorczynska, R. Huber, J. S. Duker, J. S. Schuman, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography for three-dimensional and en face imaging of the retina and optic nerve head,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49(11), 5103–5110 (2008), http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/11/5103 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. X. Mao, C. Flueraru, S. Sherif, and S. D. Chang, “High performance wavelength-swept laser with mode-locking technique for optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Commun. 282(1), 88–92 (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2008.09.059 . [CrossRef]
- V. J. Srinivasan, D. C. Adler, Y. L. Chen, I. Gorczynska, R. Huber, J. S. Duker, J. S. Schuman, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography for three-dimensional and en face imaging of the retina and optic nerve head,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49(11), 5103–5110 (2008), http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/11/5103 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. R. Biedermann, W. Wieser, C. M. Eigenwillig, G. Palte, D. C. Adler, V. J. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, and R. Huber, “Real time en face Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography with direct hardware frequency demodulation,” Opt. Lett. 33(21), 2556–2558 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-33-21-2556 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, D. C. Adler, V. J. Srinivasan, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Fourier domain mode locking at 1050 nm for ultra-high-speed optical coherence tomography of the human retina at 236,000 axial scans per second,” Opt. Lett. 32(14), 2049–2051 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-32-14-2049 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, K. Taira, J. G. Fujimoto, and K. Hsu, “Amplified, frequency swept lasers for frequency domain reflectometry and OCT imaging: design and scaling principles,” Opt. Express 13(9), 3513–3528 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-9-3513 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Kranendonk, X. An, A. W. Caswell, R. E. Herold, S. T. Sanders, R. Huber, J. G. Fujimoto, Y. Okura, and Y. Urata, “High speed engine gas thermometry by Fourier-domain mode-locked laser absorption spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 15(23), 15115–15128 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-23-15115 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. S. Y. Hsieh, G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, S. Coen, F. Vanholsbeeck, R. Leonhardt, and J. D. Harvey, “Combined effect of Raman and parametric gain on single-pump parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Express 15(13), 8104–8114 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-13-8104 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Y. H. Chen, G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Widely tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 30(7), 762–764 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-7-762 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. K. L. Wong, A. Y. H. Chen, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, N. Y. Joly, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. Russell, “Continuous-wave tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic-crystal fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22(11), 2505–2511 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-22-11-2505 . [CrossRef]
- J. D. Harvey, R. Leonhardt, S. Coen, G. K. L. Wong, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 28(22), 2225–2227 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-28-22-2225 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Wang, W. Liu, J. Fu, and D. Chen, “Quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor system based on a Fourier domain mode locking fiber laser,” Laser Phys. 19(3), 450–454 (2009), http://www.springerlink.com/content/p300147134334266/ . [CrossRef]
- M. W. Jenkins, D. C. Adler, M. Gargesha, R. Huber, F. Rothenberg, J. Belding, M. Watanabe, D. L. Wilson, J. G. Fujimoto, and A. M. Rollins, “Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography imaging and visualization of the embryonic avian heart using a buffered Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser,” Opt. Express 15(10), 6251–6267 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-10-6251 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. R. Biedermann, W. Wieser, C. M. Eigenwillig, T. Klein, and R. Huber, “Dispersion, coherence and noise of Fourier domain mode locked lasers,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9947–9961 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-12-9947 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. M. Eigenwillig, W. Wieser, B. R. Biedermann, and R. Huber, “Subharmonic Fourier domain mode locking,” Opt. Lett. 34(6), 725–727 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-34-6-725 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. R. Biedermann, W. Wieser, C. M. Eigenwillig, G. Palte, D. C. Adler, V. J. Srinivasan, J. G. Fujimoto, and R. Huber, “Real time en face Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography with direct hardware frequency demodulation,” Opt. Lett. 33(21), 2556–2558 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-33-21-2556 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Klein, W. Wieser, B. R. Biedermann, C. M. Eigenwillig, G. Palte, and R. Huber, “Raman-pumped Fourier-domain mode-locked laser: analysis of operation and application for optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett. 33(23), 2815–2817 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-33-23-2815 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Jenkins, D. C. Adler, M. Gargesha, R. Huber, F. Rothenberg, J. Belding, M. Watanabe, D. L. Wilson, J. G. Fujimoto, and A. M. Rollins, “Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography imaging and visualization of the embryonic avian heart using a buffered Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser,” Opt. Express 15(10), 6251–6267 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-10-6251 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML): A new laser operating regime and applications for optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express 14(8), 3225–3237 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-8-3225 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, K. Taira, J. G. Fujimoto, and K. Hsu, “Amplified, frequency swept lasers for frequency domain reflectometry and OCT imaging: design and scaling principles,” Opt. Express 13(9), 3513–3528 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-9-3513 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. S. Y. Hsieh, G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, S. Coen, F. Vanholsbeeck, R. Leonhardt, and J. D. Harvey, “Combined effect of Raman and parametric gain on single-pump parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Express 15(13), 8104–8114 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-13-8104 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. K. L. Wong, A. Y. H. Chen, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, N. Y. Joly, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. Russell, “Continuous-wave tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic-crystal fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22(11), 2505–2511 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-22-11-2505 . [CrossRef]
- A. Y. H. Chen, G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Widely tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 30(7), 762–764 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-7-762 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. D. Harvey, R. Leonhardt, S. Coen, G. K. L. Wong, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 28(22), 2225–2227 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-28-22-2225 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. E. Marhic, K. K. Y. Wong, and L. G. Kazovsky, “Wide-band tuning of the gain spectra of one-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(5), 1133–1141 (2004), http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1366387&isnumber=29921 . [CrossRef]
- M. Y. Jeon, J. Zhang, Q. Wang, and Z. Chen, “High-speed and wide bandwidth Fourier domain mode-locked wavelength swept laser with multiple SOAs,” Opt. Express 16(4), 2547–2554 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-4-2547 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Y. Jeon, J. Zhang, and Z. P. Chen, “Characterization of Fourier domain mode-locked wavelength swept laser for optical coherence tomography imaging,” Opt. Express 16(6), 3727–3737 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-6-3727 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- M. E. Marhic, K. K. Y. Wong, and L. G. Kazovsky, “Wide-band tuning of the gain spectra of one-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(5), 1133–1141 (2004), http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1366387&isnumber=29921 . [CrossRef]
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
- V. J. Srinivasan, D. C. Adler, Y. L. Chen, I. Gorczynska, R. Huber, J. S. Duker, J. S. Schuman, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography for three-dimensional and en face imaging of the retina and optic nerve head,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49(11), 5103–5110 (2008), http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/11/5103 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
- G. K. L. Wong, A. Y. H. Chen, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, J. D. Harvey, N. Y. Joly, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. Russell, “Continuous-wave tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic-crystal fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22(11), 2505–2511 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-22-11-2505 . [CrossRef]
Lab. Invest.
- P. M. Andrews, Y. Chen, M. L. Onozato, S. W. Huang, D. C. Adler, R. A. Huber, J. Jiang, S. E. Barry, A. E. Cable, and J. G. Fujimoto, “High-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging of the living kidney,” Lab. Invest. 88(4), 441–449 (2008), http://www.nature.com/labinvest/journal/v88/n4/full/labinvest20084a.html . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Laser Phys.
- Y. Wang, W. Liu, J. Fu, and D. Chen, “Quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor system based on a Fourier domain mode locking fiber laser,” Laser Phys. 19(3), 450–454 (2009), http://www.springerlink.com/content/p300147134334266/ . [CrossRef]
Nat. Photonics
- D. C. Adler, Y. Chen, R. Huber, J. Schmitt, J. Connolly, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Three-dimensional endomicroscopy using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Photonics 1(12), 709–716 (2007), http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v1/n12/abs/nphoton.2007.228.html . [CrossRef]
Opt. Commun.
- Y. X. Mao, C. Flueraru, S. Sherif, and S. D. Chang, “High performance wavelength-swept laser with mode-locking technique for optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Commun. 282(1), 88–92 (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2008.09.059 . [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- G. Y. Liu, A. Mariampillai, B. A. Standish, N. R. Munce, X. J. Gu, and I. A. Vitkin, “High power wavelength linearly swept mode locked fiber laser for OCT imaging,” Opt. Express 16(18), 14095–14105 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-18-14095 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Kranendonk, X. An, A. W. Caswell, R. E. Herold, S. T. Sanders, R. Huber, J. G. Fujimoto, Y. Okura, and Y. Urata, “High speed engine gas thermometry by Fourier-domain mode-locked laser absorption spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 15(23), 15115–15128 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-23-15115 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Y. Jeon, J. Zhang, Q. Wang, and Z. Chen, “High-speed and wide bandwidth Fourier domain mode-locked wavelength swept laser with multiple SOAs,” Opt. Express 16(4), 2547–2554 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-4-2547 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. S. Y. Hsieh, G. K. L. Wong, S. G. Murdoch, S. Coen, F. Vanholsbeeck, R. Leonhardt, and J. D. Harvey, “Combined effect of Raman and parametric gain on single-pump parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Express 15(13), 8104–8114 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-13-8104 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Y. Chen, S. G. Murdoch, R. Leonhardt, and J. D. Harvey, “Effect of dispersion fluctuations on widely tunable optical parametric amplification in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9491–9501 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-20-9491 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Adler, S. W. Huang, R. Huber, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Photothermal detection of gold nanoparticles using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express 16(7), 4376–4393 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-7-4376 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, K. Taira, J. G. Fujimoto, and K. Hsu, “Amplified, frequency swept lasers for frequency domain reflectometry and OCT imaging: design and scaling principles,” Opt. Express 13(9), 3513–3528 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-9-3513 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Huber, M. Wojtkowski, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML): A new laser operating regime and applications for optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express 14(8), 3225–3237 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-8-3225 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Y. Jeon, J. Zhang, and Z. P. Chen, “Characterization of Fourier domain mode-locked wavelength swept laser for optical coherence tomography imaging,” Opt. Express 16(6), 3727–3737 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-6-3727 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Jung, C. S. Kim, M. Y. Jeong, M. K. Kim, M. Y. Jeon, W. Jung, and Z. P. Chen, “Characterization of FBG sensor interrogation based on a FDML wavelength swept laser,” Opt. Express 16(21), 16552–16560 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-21-16552 . [PubMed]
- B. R. Biedermann, W. Wieser, C. M. Eigenwillig, T. Klein, and R. Huber, “Dispersion, coherence and noise of Fourier domain mode locked lasers,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9947–9961 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-12-9947 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Jenkins, D. C. Adler, M. Gargesha, R. Huber, F. Rothenberg, J. Belding, M. Watanabe, D. L. Wilson, J. G. Fujimoto, and A. M. Rollins, “Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography imaging and visualization of the embryonic avian heart using a buffered Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser,” Opt. Express 15(10), 6251–6267 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-10-6251 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. M. Eigenwillig, B. R. Biedermann, G. Palte, and R. Huber, “K-space linear Fourier domain mode locked laser and applications for optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express 16(12), 8916–8937 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-12-8916 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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