Single-mode delivery of 250 nm light using a large mode area photonic crystal fiber

doi:10.1364/OE.17.016933

Single-mode delivery of 250 nm light using a large mode area photonic crystal fiber

N. Yamamoto, L. Tao, and A. P. Yalin »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 19, pp. 16933-16940 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.016933

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Abstract

We demonstrate that large mode area (LMA) photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) can be used as single-mode patch-cords for 250 nm laser light. We have studied the transmission of the 250 nm output beam of a frequency-quadrupled diode laser through a triangular structure LMA PCF with 10 μm core. We have achieved single-mode output with coupling loss of 1.8 ± 0.6 dB and transmission loss of 1.5 ± 0.2 dB/m. The critical bend loss radius is approximately 6 cm. The transmission loss is compared with published bulk silica measurements. Effects of optically induced damage were observed after prolonged operation and have been studied as function of laser power and time. The optical damage occurs primarily at the fiber input and can be partly ameliorated by cleaving the fiber input. For input power levels of <~0.3 mW stable operation can be achieved for periods of >40 hours which is sufficient for many laboratory based applications. The results show the utility of these fibers for single-mode beam delivery in a spectral region where step-index single-mode fibers are not readily available.

OCIS Codes
(060.2270) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber characterization
(060.2430) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fibers, single-mode
(060.5295) Fiber optics and optical communications : Photonic crystal fibers

ToC Category:
Photonic Crystal Fibers

History
Original Manuscript: July 31, 2009
Revised Manuscript: August 26, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: August 27, 2009
Published: September 8, 2009

Citation
N. Yamamoto, L. Tao, and A. P. Yalin, "Single-mode delivery of 250 nm light using a large mode area photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Express 17, 16933-16940 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-19-16933

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References

R. J. Bartula, J. W. Walewski, and S. T. Sanders, “Generation of ultraviolet broadband light in a single-mode fiber,” Appl. Phys. B 84(3), 395–400 (2006). [CrossRef]
M. E. Fermann, “Single-mode excitation of multimode fibers with ultrashort pulses,” Opt. Lett. 23(1), 52–54 (1998). [CrossRef]
J. P. Koplow, D. A. V. Kliner, and L. Goldberg, “Single-mode operation of a coiled multimode fiber amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 25(7), 442–444 (2000). [CrossRef]
K.-C. Hou, “High-Peak-Power Fiber-Laser Technology for Laser-Produced-Plasma Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography,” PhD, U Michigan (2008).
A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, and A. S. Bjarklev, Photonic Crystal Fibers (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Springer 2003), Chap. 5.
N. Yamamoto, A.P.Yalin, L. Tao, T.B. Smith, A.D. Gallimore and Y. Arakawa “Development of Real-time Boron Nitride Erosion Monitoring System for Hall Thrusters by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy,” Transactions Of The Japan Society For Aeronautical And Space Sciences, Space Technology Japan, 7 (ists26), Pb_1-Pb_6 (2009)
D. P. Greenwood, T. H. Jeys, B. Johnson, J. M. Richardson, and M. P. Shatz, “Optical Techniques for Detecting and Identifying Biological-Warfare Agents,” Proc. IEEE 97(6), 971–989 (2009). [CrossRef]
J. P. Booth, G. Cunge, L. Biennier, et al., “Ultraviolet cavity ring-down spectroscopy of free radicals in etching plasmas,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 317(6), 631–636 (2000). [CrossRef]
T. Aizawa and H. Kosaka, “Investigation of early soot formation process in a diesel spray flame via excitation-emission matrix using a multi-wavelength laser source,” Int. J. Eng. Res. 9(1), 79–97 (2008). [CrossRef]
T. Lee, W. G. Bessler, J. Yoo, C. Schulz, J. B. Jeffries, and R. K. Hanson, “Fluorescence quantum yield of carbon dioxide for quantitative UV laser-induced fluorescence in high-pressure flames,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 93, 677–685(2008)
Crystal Fiber, http://www.crystal-fibre.com/datasheets/LMA-10-UV.pdf Accessed on Jan. 30, 2009.
N. A. Mortensen and J. R. Folkenberg, “Near-field to far-field transition of photonic crystal fibers: symmetries and interference phenomena,” Opt. Express 10, 475–481 (2002). [PubMed]
J. A. Buck, Fundamentals of Optical Fibers, (Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics, Wiley, 2004), 109–112.
R. Kitamura, L. Pilon, and M. Jonasz, “Optical constants of silica glass from extreme ultraviolet to far infrared at near room temperature,” Appl. Opt. 46(33), 8118–8133 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. P. Leung, M. Kulkarni, D. Krajnovich, and A. C. Tam, “Effect of intense and prolonged 248 nm pulsed-laser irradiation on the properties of ultraviolet-grade fused silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(6), 551–553 (1991). [CrossRef]
K. Richard Schenker, P. Schermerhorn and W. G. Oldham, “Deep-ultraviolet damage to fused silica,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 12, 3275–3279 (1994).
G. Hillrichs, M. Dressel, H. Hack, R. Kunstmann, and W. Neu, “Transmission of XeCl Excimer Laser Pulses Through Optical Fibers: Dependence on Fiber and Laser Parameters,” Appl. Phys. B 54(3), 208–215 (1992). [CrossRef]
M. Rothschild, D. J. Ehrlich, and D. C. Shaver, “Effects of excimer laser irradiation on the transmission, index of refraction, and density of ultraviolet grade fused silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 55(13), 1276–1278 (1989). [CrossRef]
R. S. Taylor, K. E. Leopold, R. K. Brimacombe, and S. Mihailov, “Dependence of the damage and transmission properties of fused silica fibers on the excimer laser wavelength,” Appl. Opt. 27(15), 3124–3134 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
j-Ultrasol fiber: http://www.j-fiber.com/index.php/8ed80fde5a4457444ca1651635e512b6/2/1/download/1326

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[1] R. J. Bartula, J. W. Walewski, and S. T. Sanders, “Generation of ultraviolet broadband light in a single-mode fiber,” Appl. Phys. B 84(3), 395–400 (2006). [CrossRef]

[2] M. E. Fermann, “Single-mode excitation of multimode fibers with ultrashort pulses,” Opt. Lett. 23(1), 52–54 (1998). [CrossRef]

[3] J. P. Koplow, D. A. V. Kliner, and L. Goldberg, “Single-mode operation of a coiled multimode fiber amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 25(7), 442–444 (2000). [CrossRef]

[4] K.-C. Hou, “High-Peak-Power Fiber-Laser Technology for Laser-Produced-Plasma Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography,” PhD, U Michigan (2008).

[5] A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, and A. S. Bjarklev, Photonic Crystal Fibers (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Springer 2003), Chap. 5.

[6] N. Yamamoto, A.P.Yalin, L. Tao, T.B. Smith, A.D. Gallimore and Y. Arakawa “Development of Real-time Boron Nitride Erosion Monitoring System for Hall Thrusters by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy,” Transactions Of The Japan Society For Aeronautical And Space Sciences, Space Technology Japan, 7 (ists26), Pb_1-Pb_6 (2009)

[7] D. P. Greenwood, T. H. Jeys, B. Johnson, J. M. Richardson, and M. P. Shatz, “Optical Techniques for Detecting and Identifying Biological-Warfare Agents,” Proc. IEEE 97(6), 971–989 (2009). [CrossRef]

[8] J. P. Booth, G. Cunge, L. Biennier, et al., “Ultraviolet cavity ring-down spectroscopy of free radicals in etching plasmas,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 317(6), 631–636 (2000). [CrossRef]

[9] T. Aizawa and H. Kosaka, “Investigation of early soot formation process in a diesel spray flame via excitation-emission matrix using a multi-wavelength laser source,” Int. J. Eng. Res. 9(1), 79–97 (2008). [CrossRef]

[10] T. Lee, W. G. Bessler, J. Yoo, C. Schulz, J. B. Jeffries, and R. K. Hanson, “Fluorescence quantum yield of carbon dioxide for quantitative UV laser-induced fluorescence in high-pressure flames,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 93, 677–685(2008)

[11] Crystal Fiber, http://www.crystal-fibre.com/datasheets/LMA-10-UV.pdf Accessed on Jan. 30, 2009.

[12] N. A. Mortensen and J. R. Folkenberg, “Near-field to far-field transition of photonic crystal fibers: symmetries and interference phenomena,” Opt. Express 10, 475–481 (2002). [PubMed]

[13] J. A. Buck, Fundamentals of Optical Fibers, (Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics, Wiley, 2004), 109–112.

[14] R. Kitamura, L. Pilon, and M. Jonasz, “Optical constants of silica glass from extreme ultraviolet to far infrared at near room temperature,” Appl. Opt. 46(33), 8118–8133 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] W. P. Leung, M. Kulkarni, D. Krajnovich, and A. C. Tam, “Effect of intense and prolonged 248 nm pulsed-laser irradiation on the properties of ultraviolet-grade fused silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(6), 551–553 (1991). [CrossRef]

[16] K. Richard Schenker, P. Schermerhorn and W. G. Oldham, “Deep-ultraviolet damage to fused silica,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 12, 3275–3279 (1994).

[17] G. Hillrichs, M. Dressel, H. Hack, R. Kunstmann, and W. Neu, “Transmission of XeCl Excimer Laser Pulses Through Optical Fibers: Dependence on Fiber and Laser Parameters,” Appl. Phys. B 54(3), 208–215 (1992). [CrossRef]

[18] M. Rothschild, D. J. Ehrlich, and D. C. Shaver, “Effects of excimer laser irradiation on the transmission, index of refraction, and density of ultraviolet grade fused silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 55(13), 1276–1278 (1989). [CrossRef]

[19] R. S. Taylor, K. E. Leopold, R. K. Brimacombe, and S. Mihailov, “Dependence of the damage and transmission properties of fused silica fibers on the excimer laser wavelength,” Appl. Opt. 27(15), 3124–3134 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[20] j-Ultrasol fiber: http://www.j-fiber.com/index.php/8ed80fde5a4457444ca1651635e512b6/2/1/download/1326

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Single-mode delivery of 250 nm light using a large mode area photonic crystal fiber