Modification of the Er3+ radiative lifetime from proximity to silicon nanoclusters in silicon-rich silicon oxide

doi:10.1364/OE.17.000906

Modification of the Er3+ radiative lifetime from proximity to silicon nanoclusters in silicon-rich silicon oxide

Peter Horak, Wei H. Loh, and Anthony J. Kenyon »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 2, pp. 906-911 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.000906

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Abstract

The lifetime of Er³⁺ in silicon-rich silicon oxide has been reported with quite widely varying values ranging from 9 ms to 2 ms. In this work, we consider the direct impact of silicon nanoclusters on the erbium radiative lifetime, and show that it is a function of the silicon nanocluster size, and also the erbium proximity to the nanocluster.

OCIS Codes
(160.5690) Materials : Rare-earth-doped materials
(310.6860) Thin films : Thin films, optical properties

ToC Category:
Materials

History
Original Manuscript: November 20, 2008
Revised Manuscript: January 7, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: January 8, 2009
Published: January 12, 2009

Citation
Peter Horak, Wei H. Loh, and Anthony J. Kenyon, "Modification of the Er3+ radiative lifetime from proximity to silicon nanoclusters in silicon-rich silicon oxide," Opt. Express 17, 906-911 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-2-906

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References

A. J. Kenyon, P. F. Trwoga, M. Federighi, and C. W. Pitt, "Optical properties of PECVD erbium-doped silicon-rich silica: evidence for energy transfer between silicon microclusters and erbium ions," J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 6, L319-L324 (1994). [CrossRef]
Q1. J. H. Shin, J. Lee, H-S. Han, J-H. Hong, J. S. Chang, S-Y. Seo, H. Lee, and N. Park, "Si nanocluster sensitization of Er-doped silica for optical amplet using top-pumping visible LEDs," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 783-795 (2006). [CrossRef]
H-S. Han, S-Y. Seo, and J. H. Shin, "Optical gain at 1.54?m in erbium-doped silicon nanocluster sensitized waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4568-4570 (2001). [CrossRef]
Q2. G. Franzo, V. Vinciguerra, and F. Priolo, "The excitation mechanism of rare-earth ions in silicon nanocrystals," Appl. Phys. A 69, 3-12 (1999). [CrossRef]
P. G. Kik and A. Polman, "Exciton-erbium interactions in Si nanocrystal-doped SiO2," J. Appl. Phys. 88, 1992-1998 (2000). [CrossRef]
E. Snoeks, A. Lagendijk, and A. Polman, "Measuring and modifying the spontaneous emission rate of erbium near an interface," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2459-2462 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J-H. Jhe, J. H. Shin, K. J. Kim, and D. W. Moon, "The characteristic carrier-Er interaction distance in Er-doped a-Si/SiO2 superlattices formed by ion sputtering," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4489-4491 (2003). [CrossRef]
H. Chew, "Transition rates of atoms near spherical surfaces," J. Chem. Phys. 87, 1355-1360 (1987). [CrossRef]
Q3. H. Schniepp and V. Sandoghdar, "Spontaneous emission of Europium ions embedded in dielectric nanospheres," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 257403-1 - 245703-4 (2002). [CrossRef]
V. V. Klimov, "Spontaneous atomic radiation in the presence of nanobodies," Physics - Uspekhi 46, 979-984 (2003). [CrossRef]
E. M. Purcell, "Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies," Phys. Rev. 69, 681 (1946).
K. Watanabe, M. Fujii, and S. Hayashi, "Resonant excitation of Er3+ by the energy transfer from Si nanocrystals," J. Appl. Phys. 90, 4761-4767 (2001). [CrossRef]
F. Gourbilleau, C. Dufour, M. Levalois, J. Vicens, R. Rizk, C. Sada, F. Enrichi, and G. Battaglin, "Room-temperature 1.54?m photoluminescence from Er-doped Si-rich silica layers obtained by reactive magnetron sputtering," J. Appl. Phys. 94, 3869-3874 (2003). [CrossRef]
M. Forcales, N. J. Smith, and R. G. Elliman, "Pump-probe experiments at 1.54?m on silicon-rich silicon oxide waveguides," J. Appl. Phys. 100, 14902-1 - 014902-3 (2006). [CrossRef]
W. J. Miniscalco, "Erbium-doped glasses for fiber amplifiers at 1500nm," J. Lightwave Technol. 9, 234-250 (1991). [CrossRef]
M. Wojdak, M. Klik, M. Forcales, O. B. Gusev, T. Gregorkiewicz, D. Pacifici, G. Franzo, F. Priolo, and F. Iacona, "Sensitization of Er luminescence by Si nanoclusters," Phys. Rev. B, 69, 233315-1 - 233315-4 (2004). [CrossRef]

Battaglin, G.
Chang, J. S.
Chew, H.
Dufour, C.
Elliman, R. G.
Enrichi, F.
Federighi, M.
Forcales, M.
Franzo, G.
Fujii, M.
Gourbilleau, F.
Gregorkiewicz, T.
Gusev, O. B.
Han, H-S.
Hayashi, S.
Hong, J-H.
Iacona, F.
Jhe, J-H.
Kenyon, A. J.
Kik, P. G.
Kim, K. J.
Klik, M.
Klimov, V. V.
Lagendijk, A.
Lee, H.
Lee, J.
Levalois, M.
Miniscalco, W. J.
Moon, D. W.
Pacifici, D.
Park, N.
Pitt, C. W.
Polman, A.
Priolo, F.
Purcell, E. M.
Rizk, R.
Sada, C.
Sandoghdar, V.
Schniepp, H.
Seo, S-Y.
Shin, J. H.
Smith, N. J.
Snoeks, E.
Trwoga, P. F.
Vicens, J.
Vinciguerra, V.
Watanabe, K.
Wojdak, M.

Appl. Phys. A

Q2. G. Franzo, V. Vinciguerra, and F. Priolo, "The excitation mechanism of rare-earth ions in silicon nanocrystals," Appl. Phys. A 69, 3-12 (1999). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

J-H. Jhe, J. H. Shin, K. J. Kim, and D. W. Moon, "The characteristic carrier-Er interaction distance in Er-doped a-Si/SiO2 superlattices formed by ion sputtering," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4489-4491 (2003). [CrossRef]
H-S. Han, S-Y. Seo, and J. H. Shin, "Optical gain at 1.54?m in erbium-doped silicon nanocluster sensitized waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4568-4570 (2001). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

Q1. J. H. Shin, J. Lee, H-S. Han, J-H. Hong, J. S. Chang, S-Y. Seo, H. Lee, and N. Park, "Si nanocluster sensitization of Er-doped silica for optical amplet using top-pumping visible LEDs," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 783-795 (2006). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

P. G. Kik and A. Polman, "Exciton-erbium interactions in Si nanocrystal-doped SiO2," J. Appl. Phys. 88, 1992-1998 (2000). [CrossRef]
K. Watanabe, M. Fujii, and S. Hayashi, "Resonant excitation of Er3+ by the energy transfer from Si nanocrystals," J. Appl. Phys. 90, 4761-4767 (2001). [CrossRef]
F. Gourbilleau, C. Dufour, M. Levalois, J. Vicens, R. Rizk, C. Sada, F. Enrichi, and G. Battaglin, "Room-temperature 1.54?m photoluminescence from Er-doped Si-rich silica layers obtained by reactive magnetron sputtering," J. Appl. Phys. 94, 3869-3874 (2003). [CrossRef]
M. Forcales, N. J. Smith, and R. G. Elliman, "Pump-probe experiments at 1.54?m on silicon-rich silicon oxide waveguides," J. Appl. Phys. 100, 14902-1 - 014902-3 (2006). [CrossRef]

J. Chem. Phys.

H. Chew, "Transition rates of atoms near spherical surfaces," J. Chem. Phys. 87, 1355-1360 (1987). [CrossRef]

J. Lightwave Technol.

W. J. Miniscalco, "Erbium-doped glasses for fiber amplifiers at 1500nm," J. Lightwave Technol. 9, 234-250 (1991). [CrossRef]

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

A. J. Kenyon, P. F. Trwoga, M. Federighi, and C. W. Pitt, "Optical properties of PECVD erbium-doped silicon-rich silica: evidence for energy transfer between silicon microclusters and erbium ions," J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 6, L319-L324 (1994). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev.

E. M. Purcell, "Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies," Phys. Rev. 69, 681 (1946).

Phys. Rev. B

M. Wojdak, M. Klik, M. Forcales, O. B. Gusev, T. Gregorkiewicz, D. Pacifici, G. Franzo, F. Priolo, and F. Iacona, "Sensitization of Er luminescence by Si nanoclusters," Phys. Rev. B, 69, 233315-1 - 233315-4 (2004). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

E. Snoeks, A. Lagendijk, and A. Polman, "Measuring and modifying the spontaneous emission rate of erbium near an interface," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2459-2462 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Q3. H. Schniepp and V. Sandoghdar, "Spontaneous emission of Europium ions embedded in dielectric nanospheres," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 257403-1 - 245703-4 (2002). [CrossRef]

Physics - Uspekhi

V. V. Klimov, "Spontaneous atomic radiation in the presence of nanobodies," Physics - Uspekhi 46, 979-984 (2003). [CrossRef]

2006, Shin, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
2006, Forcales, J. Appl. Phys.
2004, Wojdak, Phys. Rev. B
2003, Klimov, Physics - Uspekhi
2003, Gourbilleau, J. Appl. Phys.
2003, Jhe, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2002, Schniepp, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2001, Han, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2001, Watanabe, J. Appl. Phys.
2000, Kik, J. Appl. Phys.
1999, Franzo, Appl. Phys. A
1995, Snoeks, Phys. Rev. Lett.
1994, Kenyon, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
1991, Miniscalco, J. Lightwave Technol.
1987, Chew, J. Chem. Phys.
1946, Purcell, Phys. Rev.

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[1] A. J. Kenyon, P. F. Trwoga, M. Federighi, and C. W. Pitt, "Optical properties of PECVD erbium-doped silicon-rich silica: evidence for energy transfer between silicon microclusters and erbium ions," J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 6, L319-L324 (1994). [CrossRef]

[2] Q1. J. H. Shin, J. Lee, H-S. Han, J-H. Hong, J. S. Chang, S-Y. Seo, H. Lee, and N. Park, "Si nanocluster sensitization of Er-doped silica for optical amplet using top-pumping visible LEDs," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 783-795 (2006). [CrossRef]

[3] H-S. Han, S-Y. Seo, and J. H. Shin, "Optical gain at 1.54?m in erbium-doped silicon nanocluster sensitized waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4568-4570 (2001). [CrossRef]

[4] Q2. G. Franzo, V. Vinciguerra, and F. Priolo, "The excitation mechanism of rare-earth ions in silicon nanocrystals," Appl. Phys. A 69, 3-12 (1999). [CrossRef]

[5] P. G. Kik and A. Polman, "Exciton-erbium interactions in Si nanocrystal-doped SiO2," J. Appl. Phys. 88, 1992-1998 (2000). [CrossRef]

[6] E. Snoeks, A. Lagendijk, and A. Polman, "Measuring and modifying the spontaneous emission rate of erbium near an interface," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2459-2462 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] J-H. Jhe, J. H. Shin, K. J. Kim, and D. W. Moon, "The characteristic carrier-Er interaction distance in Er-doped a-Si/SiO2 superlattices formed by ion sputtering," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4489-4491 (2003). [CrossRef]

[8] H. Chew, "Transition rates of atoms near spherical surfaces," J. Chem. Phys. 87, 1355-1360 (1987). [CrossRef]

[9] Q3. H. Schniepp and V. Sandoghdar, "Spontaneous emission of Europium ions embedded in dielectric nanospheres," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 257403-1 - 245703-4 (2002). [CrossRef]

[10] V. V. Klimov, "Spontaneous atomic radiation in the presence of nanobodies," Physics - Uspekhi 46, 979-984 (2003). [CrossRef]

[11] E. M. Purcell, "Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies," Phys. Rev. 69, 681 (1946).

[12] K. Watanabe, M. Fujii, and S. Hayashi, "Resonant excitation of Er3+ by the energy transfer from Si nanocrystals," J. Appl. Phys. 90, 4761-4767 (2001). [CrossRef]

[13] F. Gourbilleau, C. Dufour, M. Levalois, J. Vicens, R. Rizk, C. Sada, F. Enrichi, and G. Battaglin, "Room-temperature 1.54?m photoluminescence from Er-doped Si-rich silica layers obtained by reactive magnetron sputtering," J. Appl. Phys. 94, 3869-3874 (2003). [CrossRef]

[14] M. Forcales, N. J. Smith, and R. G. Elliman, "Pump-probe experiments at 1.54?m on silicon-rich silicon oxide waveguides," J. Appl. Phys. 100, 14902-1 - 014902-3 (2006). [CrossRef]

[15] W. J. Miniscalco, "Erbium-doped glasses for fiber amplifiers at 1500nm," J. Lightwave Technol. 9, 234-250 (1991). [CrossRef]

[16] M. Wojdak, M. Klik, M. Forcales, O. B. Gusev, T. Gregorkiewicz, D. Pacifici, G. Franzo, F. Priolo, and F. Iacona, "Sensitization of Er luminescence by Si nanoclusters," Phys. Rev. B, 69, 233315-1 - 233315-4 (2004). [CrossRef]

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Modification of the Er3+ radiative lifetime from proximity to silicon nanoclusters in silicon-rich silicon oxide

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Abstract

References

Appl. Phys. A

Appl. Phys. Lett.

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

J. Appl. Phys.

J. Chem. Phys.

J. Lightwave Technol.

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

Phys. Rev.

Phys. Rev. B

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Physics - Uspekhi

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