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Metalloporphyrin polymer with temporally agile, broadband nonlinear absorption for optical limiting in the near infrared
Joel M. Hales, Matteo Cozzuol, Thomas E. O. Screen, Harry L. Anderson, and Joseph W. Perry »View Author Affiliations
1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, (U.S.A)
2Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, (U.K.)
*joe.perry@chemistry.gatech.edu
Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 21, pp. 18478-18488 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.018478
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Abstract
A lead bis(ethynyl)porphyrin polymer possesses strong nonlinear absorption with unprecedented spectral/temporal coverage as a result of broad, overlapping two-photon and excited-state absorption bands with favorable excited-state dynamics. Consequently, this material exhibits effective optical limiting over a range of about 500 nm in the near infrared (ca. 1050–1600 nm) and for laser pulsewidths spanning from 75 fs to 40 ns. Introduction of the material in a waveguide device geometry results in a strong optical limiting response.
© 2009 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(070.4340) Fourier optics and signal processing : Nonlinear optical signal processing
(130.2790) Integrated optics : Guided waves
(190.0190) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics
(190.4180) Nonlinear optics : Multiphoton processes
(190.4710) Nonlinear optics : Optical nonlinearities in organic materials
(190.7110) Nonlinear optics : Ultrafast nonlinear optics
ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics
History
Original Manuscript: August 10, 2009
Revised Manuscript: September 23, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: September 24, 2009
Published: September 29, 2009
Citation
Joel M. Hales, Matteo Cozzuol, Thomas E. O. Screen, Harry L. Anderson, and Joseph W. Perry, "Metalloporphyrin polymer with temporally
agile, broadband nonlinear absorption for
optical limiting in the near infrared," Opt. Express 17, 18478-18488 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-21-18478
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References
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- T. E. O. Screen, J. R. G. Thorne, R. G. Denning, D. G. Bucknall, and H. L. Anderson, "Two methods for amplifying the optical nonlinearity of a conjugated porphyrin polymer: transmetallation and self-assembly," J. Mater. Chem. 13, 2796-2808 (2003). [CrossRef]
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- I. C. Khoo, A. Diaz, M. V. Wood, and P. H. Chen, "Passive optical limiting of picosecond-nanosecond laser pulses using highly nonlinear organic liquid cored fiber array," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Elec. 7, 760-768 (2001). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Kuimova, M. Hoffmann, M. U. Winters, M. Eng, M. Balaz, I. P. Clark, H. A. Collins, S. M. Tavender, C. J. Wilson, B. Albinsson, H. L. Anderson, A. W. Parker, and D. Phillips, "Determination of the triplet state energies of a series of conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 6, 675-682 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Wang, Y. Hernandez, M. Lotya, J. N. Coleman, and W. J. Blau, "Broadband Nonlinear Optical Response of Graphene Dispersions," Adv. Mater. 21, 2430-2435 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Pawlicki, H. A. Collins, R. G. Denning, and H. L. Anderson, "Two-Photon Absorption and the Design of Two-Photon Dyes," Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 48, 3244-3266 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Kuimova, M. Hoffmann, M. U. Winters, M. Eng, M. Balaz, I. P. Clark, H. A. Collins, S. M. Tavender, C. J. Wilson, B. Albinsson, H. L. Anderson, A. W. Parker, and D. Phillips, "Determination of the triplet state energies of a series of conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 6, 675-682 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pawlicki, H. A. Collins, R. G. Denning, and H. L. Anderson, "Two-Photon Absorption and the Design of Two-Photon Dyes," Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 48, 3244-3266 (2009). [CrossRef]
- T. E. O. Screen, J. R. G. Thorne, R. G. Denning, D. G. Bucknall, and H. L. Anderson, "Two methods for amplifying the optical nonlinearity of a conjugated porphyrin polymer: transmetallation and self-assembly," J. Mater. Chem. 13, 2796-2808 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. R. G. Thorne, S. M. Kuebler, R. G. Denning, I. M. Blake, P. N. Taylor, and H. L. Anderson, "Degenerate four-wave mixing studies of butadiyne-linked conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Chem. Phys. 248, 181-193 (1999). [CrossRef]
- I. C. Khoo, A. Diaz, M. V. Wood, and P. H. Chen, "Passive optical limiting of picosecond-nanosecond laser pulses using highly nonlinear organic liquid cored fiber array," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Elec. 7, 760-768 (2001). [CrossRef]
- M. Drobizhev, Y. Stepanenko, A. Rebane, C. J. Wilson, T. E. O. Screen, and H. L. Anderson, "Strong cooperative enhancement of two-photon absorption in double-strand conjugated porphyrin ladder arrays," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 12432-12433 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Karotki, M. Drobizhev, M. Kruk, C. Spangler, E. Nickel, N. Mamardashvili, and A. Rebane, "Enhancement of two-photon absorption in tetrapyrrolic compounds," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 20, 321-332 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. V. Duncan, T. Ishizuka, and M. J. Therien, "Molecular engineering of intensely near-infrared absorbing excited states in highly conjugated oligo(porphinato)zinc-(polypyridyl)metal(II) supermolecules," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 9691-9703 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. V. Duncan, K. Susumu, L. E. Sinks, and M. J. Therien, "Exceptional near-infrared fluorescence quantum yields and excited-state absorptivity of highly conjugated porphyrin arrays," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 9000-9001 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. R. E. Lamont, M. Rochette, D. J. Moss, and B. J. Eggleton, "Two-photon absorption effects on self-phase-modulation-based 2R optical regeneration," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1185-1187 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Kuimova, M. Hoffmann, M. U. Winters, M. Eng, M. Balaz, I. P. Clark, H. A. Collins, S. M. Tavender, C. J. Wilson, B. Albinsson, H. L. Anderson, A. W. Parker, and D. Phillips, "Determination of the triplet state energies of a series of conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 6, 675-682 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. O. Senge, M. Fazekas, E. G. A. Notaras, W. J. Blau, M. Zawadzka, O. B. Locos, and E. M. N. Mhuircheartaigh, "Nonlinear optical properties of porphyrins," Adv. Mater. 19, 2737-2774 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. A. Bouit, G. Wetzel, G. Berginc, B. Loiseaux, L. Toupet, P. Feneyrou, Y. Bretonniere, K. Kamada, O. Maury, and C. Andraud, "Near IR nonlinear absorbing chromophores with optical limiting properties at telecommunication wavelengths," Chem. Mater. 19, 5325-5335 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. L. Sutherland, M. C. Brant, J. Heinrichs, J. E. Rogers, J. E. Slagle, D. G. McLean, and P. A. Fleitz, "Excited-state characterization and effective three-photon absorption model of two-photon-induced excited-state absorption in organic push-pull charge-transfer chromophores," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 22, 1939-1948 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. J. Butler, S. R. Flom, J. S. Shirk, T. E. Taunay, B. M. Wright, and M. J. Wiggins, "Optical limiting properties of nonlinear multimode waveguide arrays," Opt. Express 17, 804-809 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. J. Butler, J. J. Wathen, S. R. Flom, R. G. S. Pong, and J. S. Shirk, "Optical limiting properties of nonlinear multimode waveguides," Opt. Lett. 28, 1689-1691 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Guha, S.
- E. W. Van Stryland, H. Vanherzeele, M. A. Woodall, M. J. Soileau, A. L. Smirl, S. Guha, and T. F. Boggess, "2 photon-absorption, nonlinear refraction, and optical limiting in semiconductors," Opt. Eng. 24, 613-623 (1985).
- K. J. Thorley, J. M. Hales, H. L. Anderson, and J. W. Perry, "Porphyrin dimer carbocations with strong near infrared absorption and third-order optical nonlinearity," Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 47, 7095-7098 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. L. Sutherland, M. C. Brant, J. Heinrichs, J. E. Rogers, J. E. Slagle, D. G. McLean, and P. A. Fleitz, "Excited-state characterization and effective three-photon absorption model of two-photon-induced excited-state absorption in organic push-pull charge-transfer chromophores," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 22, 1939-1948 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. Wang, Y. Hernandez, M. Lotya, J. N. Coleman, and W. J. Blau, "Broadband Nonlinear Optical Response of Graphene Dispersions," Adv. Mater. 21, 2430-2435 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Kuimova, M. Hoffmann, M. U. Winters, M. Eng, M. Balaz, I. P. Clark, H. A. Collins, S. M. Tavender, C. J. Wilson, B. Albinsson, H. L. Anderson, A. W. Parker, and D. Phillips, "Determination of the triplet state energies of a series of conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 6, 675-682 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Sun, R. Q. Yu, G. Q. Xu, T. S. A. Hor, and W. Ji, "Broadband optical limiting with multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3632-3634 (1998). [CrossRef]
- R. Bonneau, I. Carmichael, and G. L. Hug, "Molar Absorption-Coefficients of Transient Species in Solution," Pure Appl. Chem. 63, 290-299 (1991). [CrossRef]
- B. L. Justus, A. L. Huston, and A. J. Campillo, "Broad-band thermal optical limiter," Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 1483-1485 (1993). [CrossRef]
- T. V. Duncan, T. Ishizuka, and M. J. Therien, "Molecular engineering of intensely near-infrared absorbing excited states in highly conjugated oligo(porphinato)zinc-(polypyridyl)metal(II) supermolecules," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 9691-9703 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Sun, R. Q. Yu, G. Q. Xu, T. S. A. Hor, and W. Ji, "Broadband optical limiting with multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3632-3634 (1998). [CrossRef]
- B. L. Justus, A. L. Huston, and A. J. Campillo, "Broad-band thermal optical limiter," Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 1483-1485 (1993). [CrossRef]
- P. A. Bouit, G. Wetzel, G. Berginc, B. Loiseaux, L. Toupet, P. Feneyrou, Y. Bretonniere, K. Kamada, O. Maury, and C. Andraud, "Near IR nonlinear absorbing chromophores with optical limiting properties at telecommunication wavelengths," Chem. Mater. 19, 5325-5335 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Karotki, M. Drobizhev, M. Kruk, C. Spangler, E. Nickel, N. Mamardashvili, and A. Rebane, "Enhancement of two-photon absorption in tetrapyrrolic compounds," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 20, 321-332 (2003). [CrossRef]
- I. C. Khoo, A. Diaz, M. V. Wood, and P. H. Chen, "Passive optical limiting of picosecond-nanosecond laser pulses using highly nonlinear organic liquid cored fiber array," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Elec. 7, 760-768 (2001). [CrossRef]
- I. C. Khoo, M. V. Wood, M. Lee, and B. D. Guenther, "Nonlinear liquid-crystal fiber structures for passive optical limiting of short laser pulses," Opt. Lett. 21, 1625-1627 (1996).
- K. S. Kim, J. M. Lim, A. Osuka, and D. Kim, "Various strategies for highly-efficient two-photon absorption in porphyrin arrays," J. Photochem. Photobiol. C-Photochem.Rev. 9, 13-28 (2008). [CrossRef]
- K. S. Kim, J. M. Lim, A. Osuka, and D. Kim, "Various strategies for highly-efficient two-photon absorption in porphyrin arrays," J. Photochem. Photobiol. C-Photochem.Rev. 9, 13-28 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. W. Tutt and A. Kost, "optical limiting performance of C-60 and C-70 solutions," Nature 356, 225-226 (1992). [CrossRef]
- A. Karotki, M. Drobizhev, M. Kruk, C. Spangler, E. Nickel, N. Mamardashvili, and A. Rebane, "Enhancement of two-photon absorption in tetrapyrrolic compounds," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 20, 321-332 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. R. G. Thorne, S. M. Kuebler, R. G. Denning, I. M. Blake, P. N. Taylor, and H. L. Anderson, "Degenerate four-wave mixing studies of butadiyne-linked conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Chem. Phys. 248, 181-193 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Kuimova, M. Hoffmann, M. U. Winters, M. Eng, M. Balaz, I. P. Clark, H. A. Collins, S. M. Tavender, C. J. Wilson, B. Albinsson, H. L. Anderson, A. W. Parker, and D. Phillips, "Determination of the triplet state energies of a series of conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 6, 675-682 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. R. E. Lamont, M. Rochette, D. J. Moss, and B. J. Eggleton, "Two-photon absorption effects on self-phase-modulation-based 2R optical regeneration," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1185-1187 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, I. Y. S. Lee, X. L. Wu, P. V. Bedworth, C. T. Chen, D. Ng, S. R. Marder, P. Miles, T. Wada, M. Tian, and H. Sasabe, "Organic optical limiter with a strong nonlinear absorptive response," Science 273, 1533-1536 (1996). [CrossRef]
Lim, J. M.
- K. S. Kim, J. M. Lim, A. Osuka, and D. Kim, "Various strategies for highly-efficient two-photon absorption in porphyrin arrays," J. Photochem. Photobiol. C-Photochem.Rev. 9, 13-28 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. O. Senge, M. Fazekas, E. G. A. Notaras, W. J. Blau, M. Zawadzka, O. B. Locos, and E. M. N. Mhuircheartaigh, "Nonlinear optical properties of porphyrins," Adv. Mater. 19, 2737-2774 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. A. Bouit, G. Wetzel, G. Berginc, B. Loiseaux, L. Toupet, P. Feneyrou, Y. Bretonniere, K. Kamada, O. Maury, and C. Andraud, "Near IR nonlinear absorbing chromophores with optical limiting properties at telecommunication wavelengths," Chem. Mater. 19, 5325-5335 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. Wang, Y. Hernandez, M. Lotya, J. N. Coleman, and W. J. Blau, "Broadband Nonlinear Optical Response of Graphene Dispersions," Adv. Mater. 21, 2430-2435 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Karotki, M. Drobizhev, M. Kruk, C. Spangler, E. Nickel, N. Mamardashvili, and A. Rebane, "Enhancement of two-photon absorption in tetrapyrrolic compounds," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 20, 321-332 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, I. Y. S. Lee, X. L. Wu, P. V. Bedworth, C. T. Chen, D. Ng, S. R. Marder, P. Miles, T. Wada, M. Tian, and H. Sasabe, "Organic optical limiter with a strong nonlinear absorptive response," Science 273, 1533-1536 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, S. R. Marder, K. J. Perry, D. Alvarez, and I. Choong, "Enhanced reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting in heavy-atom-substituted phthalocyanines," Opt. Lett. 19, 625-627 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Mansour, M. J. Soileau, and E. W. Vanstryland, "Nonlinear optical-properties of carbon-black suspensions (ink)," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 9, 1100-1109 (1992). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, I. Y. S. Lee, X. L. Wu, P. V. Bedworth, C. T. Chen, D. Ng, S. R. Marder, P. Miles, T. Wada, M. Tian, and H. Sasabe, "Organic optical limiter with a strong nonlinear absorptive response," Science 273, 1533-1536 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, S. R. Marder, K. J. Perry, D. Alvarez, and I. Choong, "Enhanced reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting in heavy-atom-substituted phthalocyanines," Opt. Lett. 19, 625-627 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. L. Anderson, S. J. Martin, and D. D. C. Bradley, "Synthesis and 3rd-order nonlinear-optical properties of a conjugated porphyrin polymer," Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 655-657 (1994). [CrossRef]
- P. A. Bouit, G. Wetzel, G. Berginc, B. Loiseaux, L. Toupet, P. Feneyrou, Y. Bretonniere, K. Kamada, O. Maury, and C. Andraud, "Near IR nonlinear absorbing chromophores with optical limiting properties at telecommunication wavelengths," Chem. Mater. 19, 5325-5335 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. L. Sutherland, M. C. Brant, J. Heinrichs, J. E. Rogers, J. E. Slagle, D. G. McLean, and P. A. Fleitz, "Excited-state characterization and effective three-photon absorption model of two-photon-induced excited-state absorption in organic push-pull charge-transfer chromophores," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 22, 1939-1948 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. O. Senge, M. Fazekas, E. G. A. Notaras, W. J. Blau, M. Zawadzka, O. B. Locos, and E. M. N. Mhuircheartaigh, "Nonlinear optical properties of porphyrins," Adv. Mater. 19, 2737-2774 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, I. Y. S. Lee, X. L. Wu, P. V. Bedworth, C. T. Chen, D. Ng, S. R. Marder, P. Miles, T. Wada, M. Tian, and H. Sasabe, "Organic optical limiter with a strong nonlinear absorptive response," Science 273, 1533-1536 (1996). [CrossRef]
- M. R. E. Lamont, M. Rochette, D. J. Moss, and B. J. Eggleton, "Two-photon absorption effects on self-phase-modulation-based 2R optical regeneration," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1185-1187 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, I. Y. S. Lee, X. L. Wu, P. V. Bedworth, C. T. Chen, D. Ng, S. R. Marder, P. Miles, T. Wada, M. Tian, and H. Sasabe, "Organic optical limiter with a strong nonlinear absorptive response," Science 273, 1533-1536 (1996). [CrossRef]
- A. Karotki, M. Drobizhev, M. Kruk, C. Spangler, E. Nickel, N. Mamardashvili, and A. Rebane, "Enhancement of two-photon absorption in tetrapyrrolic compounds," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 20, 321-332 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. O. Senge, M. Fazekas, E. G. A. Notaras, W. J. Blau, M. Zawadzka, O. B. Locos, and E. M. N. Mhuircheartaigh, "Nonlinear optical properties of porphyrins," Adv. Mater. 19, 2737-2774 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. S. Kim, J. M. Lim, A. Osuka, and D. Kim, "Various strategies for highly-efficient two-photon absorption in porphyrin arrays," J. Photochem. Photobiol. C-Photochem.Rev. 9, 13-28 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Kuimova, M. Hoffmann, M. U. Winters, M. Eng, M. Balaz, I. P. Clark, H. A. Collins, S. M. Tavender, C. J. Wilson, B. Albinsson, H. L. Anderson, A. W. Parker, and D. Phillips, "Determination of the triplet state energies of a series of conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 6, 675-682 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pawlicki, H. A. Collins, R. G. Denning, and H. L. Anderson, "Two-Photon Absorption and the Design of Two-Photon Dyes," Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 48, 3244-3266 (2009). [CrossRef]
- K. J. Thorley, J. M. Hales, H. L. Anderson, and J. W. Perry, "Porphyrin dimer carbocations with strong near infrared absorption and third-order optical nonlinearity," Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 47, 7095-7098 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, I. Y. S. Lee, X. L. Wu, P. V. Bedworth, C. T. Chen, D. Ng, S. R. Marder, P. Miles, T. Wada, M. Tian, and H. Sasabe, "Organic optical limiter with a strong nonlinear absorptive response," Science 273, 1533-1536 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, S. R. Marder, K. J. Perry, D. Alvarez, and I. Choong, "Enhanced reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting in heavy-atom-substituted phthalocyanines," Opt. Lett. 19, 625-627 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. K. Kuimova, M. Hoffmann, M. U. Winters, M. Eng, M. Balaz, I. P. Clark, H. A. Collins, S. M. Tavender, C. J. Wilson, B. Albinsson, H. L. Anderson, A. W. Parker, and D. Phillips, "Determination of the triplet state energies of a series of conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 6, 675-682 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Drobizhev, Y. Stepanenko, A. Rebane, C. J. Wilson, T. E. O. Screen, and H. L. Anderson, "Strong cooperative enhancement of two-photon absorption in double-strand conjugated porphyrin ladder arrays," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 12432-12433 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Karotki, M. Drobizhev, M. Kruk, C. Spangler, E. Nickel, N. Mamardashvili, and A. Rebane, "Enhancement of two-photon absorption in tetrapyrrolic compounds," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 20, 321-332 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. R. E. Lamont, M. Rochette, D. J. Moss, and B. J. Eggleton, "Two-photon absorption effects on self-phase-modulation-based 2R optical regeneration," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1185-1187 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. L. Sutherland, M. C. Brant, J. Heinrichs, J. E. Rogers, J. E. Slagle, D. G. McLean, and P. A. Fleitz, "Excited-state characterization and effective three-photon absorption model of two-photon-induced excited-state absorption in organic push-pull charge-transfer chromophores," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 22, 1939-1948 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, I. Y. S. Lee, X. L. Wu, P. V. Bedworth, C. T. Chen, D. Ng, S. R. Marder, P. Miles, T. Wada, M. Tian, and H. Sasabe, "Organic optical limiter with a strong nonlinear absorptive response," Science 273, 1533-1536 (1996). [CrossRef]
- M. Drobizhev, Y. Stepanenko, A. Rebane, C. J. Wilson, T. E. O. Screen, and H. L. Anderson, "Strong cooperative enhancement of two-photon absorption in double-strand conjugated porphyrin ladder arrays," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 12432-12433 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. E. O. Screen, J. R. G. Thorne, R. G. Denning, D. G. Bucknall, and H. L. Anderson, "Two methods for amplifying the optical nonlinearity of a conjugated porphyrin polymer: transmetallation and self-assembly," J. Mater. Chem. 13, 2796-2808 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. O. Senge, M. Fazekas, E. G. A. Notaras, W. J. Blau, M. Zawadzka, O. B. Locos, and E. M. N. Mhuircheartaigh, "Nonlinear optical properties of porphyrins," Adv. Mater. 19, 2737-2774 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. J. Butler, S. R. Flom, J. S. Shirk, T. E. Taunay, B. M. Wright, and M. J. Wiggins, "Optical limiting properties of nonlinear multimode waveguide arrays," Opt. Express 17, 804-809 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- T. V. Duncan, K. Susumu, L. E. Sinks, and M. J. Therien, "Exceptional near-infrared fluorescence quantum yields and excited-state absorptivity of highly conjugated porphyrin arrays," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 9000-9001 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. L. Sutherland, M. C. Brant, J. Heinrichs, J. E. Rogers, J. E. Slagle, D. G. McLean, and P. A. Fleitz, "Excited-state characterization and effective three-photon absorption model of two-photon-induced excited-state absorption in organic push-pull charge-transfer chromophores," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 22, 1939-1948 (2005). [CrossRef]
- E. W. Van Stryland, H. Vanherzeele, M. A. Woodall, M. J. Soileau, A. L. Smirl, S. Guha, and T. F. Boggess, "2 photon-absorption, nonlinear refraction, and optical limiting in semiconductors," Opt. Eng. 24, 613-623 (1985).
- K. Mansour, M. J. Soileau, and E. W. Vanstryland, "Nonlinear optical-properties of carbon-black suspensions (ink)," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 9, 1100-1109 (1992). [CrossRef]
- E. W. Van Stryland, H. Vanherzeele, M. A. Woodall, M. J. Soileau, A. L. Smirl, S. Guha, and T. F. Boggess, "2 photon-absorption, nonlinear refraction, and optical limiting in semiconductors," Opt. Eng. 24, 613-623 (1985).
- A. Karotki, M. Drobizhev, M. Kruk, C. Spangler, E. Nickel, N. Mamardashvili, and A. Rebane, "Enhancement of two-photon absorption in tetrapyrrolic compounds," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 20, 321-332 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Drobizhev, Y. Stepanenko, A. Rebane, C. J. Wilson, T. E. O. Screen, and H. L. Anderson, "Strong cooperative enhancement of two-photon absorption in double-strand conjugated porphyrin ladder arrays," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 12432-12433 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Sun, R. Q. Yu, G. Q. Xu, T. S. A. Hor, and W. Ji, "Broadband optical limiting with multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3632-3634 (1998). [CrossRef]
- T. V. Duncan, K. Susumu, L. E. Sinks, and M. J. Therien, "Exceptional near-infrared fluorescence quantum yields and excited-state absorptivity of highly conjugated porphyrin arrays," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 9000-9001 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. L. Sutherland, M. C. Brant, J. Heinrichs, J. E. Rogers, J. E. Slagle, D. G. McLean, and P. A. Fleitz, "Excited-state characterization and effective three-photon absorption model of two-photon-induced excited-state absorption in organic push-pull charge-transfer chromophores," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 22, 1939-1948 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Kuimova, M. Hoffmann, M. U. Winters, M. Eng, M. Balaz, I. P. Clark, H. A. Collins, S. M. Tavender, C. J. Wilson, B. Albinsson, H. L. Anderson, A. W. Parker, and D. Phillips, "Determination of the triplet state energies of a series of conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 6, 675-682 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. R. G. Thorne, S. M. Kuebler, R. G. Denning, I. M. Blake, P. N. Taylor, and H. L. Anderson, "Degenerate four-wave mixing studies of butadiyne-linked conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Chem. Phys. 248, 181-193 (1999). [CrossRef]
- T. V. Duncan, T. Ishizuka, and M. J. Therien, "Molecular engineering of intensely near-infrared absorbing excited states in highly conjugated oligo(porphinato)zinc-(polypyridyl)metal(II) supermolecules," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 9691-9703 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. V. Duncan, K. Susumu, L. E. Sinks, and M. J. Therien, "Exceptional near-infrared fluorescence quantum yields and excited-state absorptivity of highly conjugated porphyrin arrays," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 9000-9001 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. J. Thorley, J. M. Hales, H. L. Anderson, and J. W. Perry, "Porphyrin dimer carbocations with strong near infrared absorption and third-order optical nonlinearity," Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 47, 7095-7098 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. E. O. Screen, J. R. G. Thorne, R. G. Denning, D. G. Bucknall, and H. L. Anderson, "Two methods for amplifying the optical nonlinearity of a conjugated porphyrin polymer: transmetallation and self-assembly," J. Mater. Chem. 13, 2796-2808 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. R. G. Thorne, S. M. Kuebler, R. G. Denning, I. M. Blake, P. N. Taylor, and H. L. Anderson, "Degenerate four-wave mixing studies of butadiyne-linked conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Chem. Phys. 248, 181-193 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, I. Y. S. Lee, X. L. Wu, P. V. Bedworth, C. T. Chen, D. Ng, S. R. Marder, P. Miles, T. Wada, M. Tian, and H. Sasabe, "Organic optical limiter with a strong nonlinear absorptive response," Science 273, 1533-1536 (1996). [CrossRef]
- P. A. Bouit, G. Wetzel, G. Berginc, B. Loiseaux, L. Toupet, P. Feneyrou, Y. Bretonniere, K. Kamada, O. Maury, and C. Andraud, "Near IR nonlinear absorbing chromophores with optical limiting properties at telecommunication wavelengths," Chem. Mater. 19, 5325-5335 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. W. Tutt and A. Kost, "optical limiting performance of C-60 and C-70 solutions," Nature 356, 225-226 (1992). [CrossRef]
- E. W. Van Stryland, H. Vanherzeele, M. A. Woodall, M. J. Soileau, A. L. Smirl, S. Guha, and T. F. Boggess, "2 photon-absorption, nonlinear refraction, and optical limiting in semiconductors," Opt. Eng. 24, 613-623 (1985).
- E. W. Van Stryland, H. Vanherzeele, M. A. Woodall, M. J. Soileau, A. L. Smirl, S. Guha, and T. F. Boggess, "2 photon-absorption, nonlinear refraction, and optical limiting in semiconductors," Opt. Eng. 24, 613-623 (1985).
- K. Mansour, M. J. Soileau, and E. W. Vanstryland, "Nonlinear optical-properties of carbon-black suspensions (ink)," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 9, 1100-1109 (1992). [CrossRef]
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, I. Y. S. Lee, X. L. Wu, P. V. Bedworth, C. T. Chen, D. Ng, S. R. Marder, P. Miles, T. Wada, M. Tian, and H. Sasabe, "Organic optical limiter with a strong nonlinear absorptive response," Science 273, 1533-1536 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. Wang, Y. Hernandez, M. Lotya, J. N. Coleman, and W. J. Blau, "Broadband Nonlinear Optical Response of Graphene Dispersions," Adv. Mater. 21, 2430-2435 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. A. Bouit, G. Wetzel, G. Berginc, B. Loiseaux, L. Toupet, P. Feneyrou, Y. Bretonniere, K. Kamada, O. Maury, and C. Andraud, "Near IR nonlinear absorbing chromophores with optical limiting properties at telecommunication wavelengths," Chem. Mater. 19, 5325-5335 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Kuimova, M. Hoffmann, M. U. Winters, M. Eng, M. Balaz, I. P. Clark, H. A. Collins, S. M. Tavender, C. J. Wilson, B. Albinsson, H. L. Anderson, A. W. Parker, and D. Phillips, "Determination of the triplet state energies of a series of conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 6, 675-682 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Drobizhev, Y. Stepanenko, A. Rebane, C. J. Wilson, T. E. O. Screen, and H. L. Anderson, "Strong cooperative enhancement of two-photon absorption in double-strand conjugated porphyrin ladder arrays," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 12432-12433 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. K. Kuimova, M. Hoffmann, M. U. Winters, M. Eng, M. Balaz, I. P. Clark, H. A. Collins, S. M. Tavender, C. J. Wilson, B. Albinsson, H. L. Anderson, A. W. Parker, and D. Phillips, "Determination of the triplet state energies of a series of conjugated porphyrin oligomers," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 6, 675-682 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. C. Khoo, A. Diaz, M. V. Wood, and P. H. Chen, "Passive optical limiting of picosecond-nanosecond laser pulses using highly nonlinear organic liquid cored fiber array," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Elec. 7, 760-768 (2001). [CrossRef]
- I. C. Khoo, M. V. Wood, M. Lee, and B. D. Guenther, "Nonlinear liquid-crystal fiber structures for passive optical limiting of short laser pulses," Opt. Lett. 21, 1625-1627 (1996).
- E. W. Van Stryland, H. Vanherzeele, M. A. Woodall, M. J. Soileau, A. L. Smirl, S. Guha, and T. F. Boggess, "2 photon-absorption, nonlinear refraction, and optical limiting in semiconductors," Opt. Eng. 24, 613-623 (1985).
- J. W. Perry, K. Mansour, I. Y. S. Lee, X. L. Wu, P. V. Bedworth, C. T. Chen, D. Ng, S. R. Marder, P. Miles, T. Wada, M. Tian, and H. Sasabe, "Organic optical limiter with a strong nonlinear absorptive response," Science 273, 1533-1536 (1996). [CrossRef]
- X. Sun, R. Q. Yu, G. Q. Xu, T. S. A. Hor, and W. Ji, "Broadband optical limiting with multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3632-3634 (1998). [CrossRef]
- X. Sun, R. Q. Yu, G. Q. Xu, T. S. A. Hor, and W. Ji, "Broadband optical limiting with multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3632-3634 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. O. Senge, M. Fazekas, E. G. A. Notaras, W. J. Blau, M. Zawadzka, O. B. Locos, and E. M. N. Mhuircheartaigh, "Nonlinear optical properties of porphyrins," Adv. Mater. 19, 2737-2774 (2007). [CrossRef]
Adv. Mater.
- J. Wang, Y. Hernandez, M. Lotya, J. N. Coleman, and W. J. Blau, "Broadband Nonlinear Optical Response of Graphene Dispersions," Adv. Mater. 21, 2430-2435 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. O. Senge, M. Fazekas, E. G. A. Notaras, W. J. Blau, M. Zawadzka, O. B. Locos, and E. M. N. Mhuircheartaigh, "Nonlinear optical properties of porphyrins," Adv. Mater. 19, 2737-2774 (2007). [CrossRef]
Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed.
- M. Pawlicki, H. A. Collins, R. G. Denning, and H. L. Anderson, "Two-Photon Absorption and the Design of Two-Photon Dyes," Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 48, 3244-3266 (2009). [CrossRef]
- K. J. Thorley, J. M. Hales, H. L. Anderson, and J. W. Perry, "Porphyrin dimer carbocations with strong near infrared absorption and third-order optical nonlinearity," Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 47, 7095-7098 (2008). [CrossRef]
Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. Engl.
- H. L. Anderson, S. J. Martin, and D. D. C. Bradley, "Synthesis and 3rd-order nonlinear-optical properties of a conjugated porphyrin polymer," Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 655-657 (1994). [CrossRef]
Appl. Opt.
- G. S. He, L. X. Yuan, J. D. Bhawalkar, and P. N. Prasad, "Optical limiting, pulse reshaping, and stabilization with a nonlinear absorptive fiber system," Appl. Opt. 36, 3387-3392 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
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Chem. Mater.
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