Holographic fabricated photonic-crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser with near-diffraction-limited beam quality

doi:10.1364/OE.17.018900

Holographic fabricated photonic-crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser with near-diffraction-limited beam quality

Quan-Yong Lu, Wei Zhang, Li-Jun Wang, Jun-Qi Liu, Lu Li, Feng-Qi Liu, and Zhan-Guo Wang »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 21, pp. 18900-18905 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.018900

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Abstract
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Abstract

We demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of photonic-crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser emitting at 4.7 μm. The tilted rectangular-lattice PCDFB structure was defined using a multi-exposure of two-beam holographic lithography. The devices exhibit the near-diffraction-limited beam emission with the full width at half maximum of the far-field divergence angles about 4.5° and 2.5° for stripe widths of 55 μm and 95 μm, respectively. Single-mode emission with a side mode suppression ratio of ≈20 dB is achieved in the temperature range (80-210 K). The single-facet output power is above 1 W for a 95 μm × 2.5 mm laser bar at 85 K in pulsed operation.

OCIS Codes
(090.0090) Holography : Holography
(140.3070) Lasers and laser optics : Infrared and far-infrared lasers
(140.3490) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, distributed-feedback
(260.3160) Physical optics : Interference
(130.5296) Integrated optics : Photonic crystal waveguides

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

History
Original Manuscript: July 31, 2009
Revised Manuscript: September 27, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: September 30, 2009
Published: September 6, 2009

Citation
Quan-Yong Lu, Wei Zhang, Li-Jun Wang, Jun-Qi Liu, Lu Li, Feng-Qi Liu, and Zhan-Guo Wang, "Holographic fabricated photonic-crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser with near-diffraction-limited beam quality," Opt. Express 17, 18900-18905 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-21-18900

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References

H. Hofmann, H. Scherer, S. Deubert, M. Kamp, and A. Forchel, “Spectral and spatial single mode emission from a photonic crystal distributed feedback laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(12), 121135 (2007). [CrossRef]
L. Zhu, X. Sun, G. A. DeRose, A. Scherer, and A. Yariv, “Room temperature continuous wave operation of single-mode, edge-emitting photonic crystal Bragg lasers,” Opt. Express 16(2), 502–506 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. Bai, S. R. Darvish, S. Slivken, P. Sung, J. Nguyen, A. Evans, W. Zhang, and M. Razeghi, “Electrically pumped photonic crystal distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(14), 141123 (2007). [CrossRef]
C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, C. L. Canedy, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Broad-stripe, single-mode, mid-IR interband cascade laser with photonic crystal distributed feedback grating,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(7), 071110 (2008). [CrossRef]
V. Berger, O. Gauthier-Lafaye, and E. Costard, “Photonic band gaps and holography,” J. Appl. Phys. 82(1), 60–64 (1997). [CrossRef]
N. D. Lai, W. P. Liang, J. H. Lin, C. C. Hsu, and C. H. Lin, “Fabrication of two- and three-dimensional periodic structures by multi-exposure of two-beam interference technique,” Opt. Express 13(23), 9605–9611 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Z. Poole, D. Xu, K. P. Chen, I. Olvera, K. Ohlinger, and Y. Lin, “Holographic fabrication of three dimensional orthorhombic and tetragonal photonic crystal templates using a diffractive optical element,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(25), 251101 (2007). [CrossRef]
Q. Lu, W. Zhang, L. Wang, F. Q. Liu, and Z. Wang, “Photonic crystal distributed feedback quantum cascade laser fabricated with holographic technique,” Electron. Lett. 45(1), 53–54 (2009). [CrossRef]
L. Li, Y. Shao, J. Q. Liu, F. Q. Liu, and Z. G. Wang, “High-power operation of uncoated strain-compensated quantum cascade laser at 4.8 μm,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 24(12), 3428–3430 (2007). [CrossRef]
Q. Lu, W. Zhang, L. Wang, F. Q. Liu, and Z. Wang, “Transition control from circular to elliptical unit cells for 2D photonic crystals by interference lithography,” The 34th international conference on infrared, millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, accepted, (Busan, Korea, 2009), T5E42.
I. Vurgaftman and J. R. Meyer, “Photonic-Crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38(6), 592–602 (2002). [CrossRef]
J. Faist, C. Gmachl, F. Capasso, C. Sirtori, D. Sivco, J. Baillargeon, and A. Cho, “Distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(20), 2670–2672 (1997). [CrossRef]

Bai, Y.
Baillargeon, J.
Berger, V.
Bewley, W. W.
Canedy, C. L.
Capasso, F.
Chen, K. P.
Cho, A.
Costard, E.
Darvish, S. R.
DeRose, G. A.
Deubert, S.
Evans, A.
Faist, J.
Forchel, A.
Gauthier-Lafaye, O.
Gmachl, C.
Hofmann, H.
Hsu, C. C.
Kamp, M.
Kim, C. S.
Kim, M.
Lai, N. D.
Larrabee, D. C.
Li, L.
Liang, W. P.
Lin, C. H.
Lin, J. H.
Lin, Y.
Lindle, J. R.
Liu, F. Q.
Liu, J. Q.
Lu, Q.
Meyer, J. R.
Nguyen, J.
Nolde, J. A.
Ohlinger, K.
Olvera, I.
Poole, Z.
Razeghi, M.
Scherer, A.
Scherer, H.
Shao, Y.
Sirtori, C.
Sivco, D.
Slivken, S.
Sun, X.
Sung, P.
Vurgaftman, I.
Wang, L.
Wang, Z.
Wang, Z. G.
Xu, D.
Yariv, A.
Zhang, W.
Zhu, L.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Y. Bai, S. R. Darvish, S. Slivken, P. Sung, J. Nguyen, A. Evans, W. Zhang, and M. Razeghi, “Electrically pumped photonic crystal distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(14), 141123 (2007). [CrossRef]
C. S. Kim, M. Kim, W. W. Bewley, J. R. Lindle, C. L. Canedy, J. A. Nolde, D. C. Larrabee, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, “Broad-stripe, single-mode, mid-IR interband cascade laser with photonic crystal distributed feedback grating,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(7), 071110 (2008). [CrossRef]
H. Hofmann, H. Scherer, S. Deubert, M. Kamp, and A. Forchel, “Spectral and spatial single mode emission from a photonic crystal distributed feedback laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(12), 121135 (2007). [CrossRef]
Z. Poole, D. Xu, K. P. Chen, I. Olvera, K. Ohlinger, and Y. Lin, “Holographic fabrication of three dimensional orthorhombic and tetragonal photonic crystal templates using a diffractive optical element,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(25), 251101 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Faist, C. Gmachl, F. Capasso, C. Sirtori, D. Sivco, J. Baillargeon, and A. Cho, “Distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(20), 2670–2672 (1997). [CrossRef]

Chin. Phys. Lett.

L. Li, Y. Shao, J. Q. Liu, F. Q. Liu, and Z. G. Wang, “High-power operation of uncoated strain-compensated quantum cascade laser at 4.8 μm,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 24(12), 3428–3430 (2007). [CrossRef]

Electron. Lett.

Q. Lu, W. Zhang, L. Wang, F. Q. Liu, and Z. Wang, “Photonic crystal distributed feedback quantum cascade laser fabricated with holographic technique,” Electron. Lett. 45(1), 53–54 (2009). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

I. Vurgaftman and J. R. Meyer, “Photonic-Crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38(6), 592–602 (2002). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

V. Berger, O. Gauthier-Lafaye, and E. Costard, “Photonic band gaps and holography,” J. Appl. Phys. 82(1), 60–64 (1997). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

Other

Q. Lu, W. Zhang, L. Wang, F. Q. Liu, and Z. Wang, “Transition control from circular to elliptical unit cells for 2D photonic crystals by interference lithography,” The 34th international conference on infrared, millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, accepted, (Busan, Korea, 2009), T5E42.

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