OSA's Digital Library

Optics Express

Optics Express

  • Editor: C. Martijn de Sterke
  • Vol. 17, Iss. 21 — Oct. 12, 2009
  • pp: 18906–18919

Optics InfoBase > Optics Express > Volume 17 > Issue 21 > Page 18906

First-order design of off-axis reflective ophthalmic adaptive optics systems using afocal telescopes

Armando Gómez-Vieyra, Alfredo Dubra, Daniel Malacara-Hernández, and David R. Williams  »View Author Affiliations


Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 21, pp. 18906-18919 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.018906


View Full Text Article

Enhanced HTML    Acrobat PDF (841 KB)


Advanced Search

Browse Journals / Lookup Meetings

Browse by Journal and Year


   


Lookup Conference Papers

Close Browse Journals / Lookup Meetings

Article Tools

Share
Citations

Abstract

Expressions for minimal astigmatism in image and pupil planes in off-axis afocal reflective telescopes formed by pairs of spherical mirrors are presented. These formulae which are derived from the marginal ray fan equation can be used for designing laser cavities, spectrographs and adaptive optics retinal imaging systems. The use, range and validity of these formulae are limited by spherical aberration and coma for small and large angles respectively. This is discussed using examples from adaptive optics retinal imaging systems. The performance of the resulting optical designs are evaluated and compared against the configurations with minimal wavefront RMS, using the defocus-corrected wavefront RMS as a metric.

© 2009 OSA

OCIS Codes
(330.4460) Vision, color, and visual optics : Ophthalmic optics and devices
(080.2468) Geometric optics : First-order optics
(080.4035) Geometric optics : Mirror system design
(110.1080) Imaging systems : Active or adaptive optics

ToC Category:
Adaptive Optics

History
Original Manuscript: June 22, 2009
Revised Manuscript: September 11, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: September 12, 2009
Published: September 6, 2009

Virtual Issues
Vol. 4, Iss. 12 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics

Citation
Armando Gómez-Vieyra, Alfredo Dubra, Daniel Malacara-Hernández, and David R. Williams, "First-order design of off-axis reflective ophthalmic adaptive optics systems using afocal telescopes," Opt. Express 17, 18906-18919 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-21-18906


Sort:  Author  |  Year  |  Journal  |  Reset  

References

  1. J. Liang, D. R. Williams, and D. T. Miller, “Supernormal vision and high-resolution retinal imaging through adaptive optics,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14(11), 2884–2892 (1997), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-14-11-2884 . [CrossRef]
  2. J. Rha, R. S. Jonnal, K. E. Thorn, J. Qu, Y. Zhang, and D. T. Miller, “Adaptive optics flood-illumination camera for high speed retinal imaging,” Opt. Express 14(10), 4552–4569 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-10-4552 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  3. B. Hermann, E. J. Fernández, A. Unterhuber, H. Sattmann, A. F. Fercher, W. Drexler, P. M. Prieto, and P. Artal, “Adaptive-optics ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett. 29(18), 2142–2144 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-29-18-2142 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  4. R. J. Zawadzki, S. M. Jones, S. S. Olivier, M. T. Zhao, B. A. Bower, J. A. Izatt, S. Choi, S. Laut, and J. S. Werner, “Adaptive-optics optical coherence tomography for high-resolution and high-speed 3D retinal in vivo imaging,” Opt. Express 13(21), 8532–8546 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-21-8532 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  5. E. J. Fernández, B. Povazay, B. Hermann, A. Unterhuber, H. Sattmann, P. M. Prieto, R. Leitgeb, P. Ahnelt, P. Artal, and W. Drexler, “Three-dimensional adaptive optics ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator,” Vision Res. 45(28), 3432–3444 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  6. Y. Zhang, J. T. Rha, R. S. Jonnal, and D. T. Miller, “Adaptive optics parallel spectral domain optical coherence tomography for imaging the living retina,” Opt. Express 13(12), 4792–4811 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-12-4792 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  7. D. Merino, C. Dainty, A. Bradu, and A. G. Podoleanu, “Adaptive optics enhanced simultaneous en-face optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Opt. Express 14(8), 3345–3353 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-8-3345 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  8. C. E. Bigelow, N. V. Iftimia, R. D. Ferguson, T. E. Ustun, B. Bloom, and D. X. Hammer, “Compact multimodal adaptive-optics spectral-domain optical coherence tomography instrument for retinal imaging,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(5), 1327–1336 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-24-5-1327 . [CrossRef]
  9. A. Roorda, F. Romero-Borja, W. Donnelly Iii, H. Queener, T. J. Hebert, and M. C. W. Campbell, “Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Opt. Express 10(9), 405–412 (2002), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-10-9-405 . [PubMed]
  10. Y. Zhang, S. Poonja, and A. Roorda, “MEMS-based adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,” Opt. Lett. 31(9), 1268–1270 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-31-9-1268 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  11. D. X. Hammer, R. D. Ferguson, C. E. Bigelow, N. V. Iftimia, T. E. Ustun, and S. A. Burns, “Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope for stabilized retinal imaging,” Opt. Express 14(8), 3354–3367 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-8-3354 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  12. D. C. Gray, W. Merigan, J. I. Wolfing, B. P. Gee, J. Porter, A. Dubra, T. H. Twietmeyer, K. Ahamd, R. Tumbar, F. Reinholz, and D. R. Williams, “In vivo fluorescence imaging of primate retinal ganglion cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells,” Opt. Express 14(16), 7144–7158 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-16-7144 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  13. S. A. Burns, R. Tumbar, A. E. Elsner, D. Ferguson, and D. X. Hammer, “Large-field-of-view, modular, stabilized, adaptive-optics-based scanning laser ophthalmoscope,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(5), 1313–1326 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-24-5-1313 . [CrossRef]
  14. R. H. Webb and G. W. Hughes, “Scanning laser ophthalmoscope,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME-28(7), 488–492 (1981). [CrossRef]
  15. R. H. Webb, G. W. Hughes, and F. C. Delori, “Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope,” Appl. Opt. 26(8), 1492–1499 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  16. H. W. Kogelnik, E. P. Ippen, A. Dienes, and C. V. Shank, “Astigmatically compensated cavities for CW dye lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 373–379 (1972). [CrossRef]
  17. W. T. Foreman, “Lens Correction of Astigmatism in a Czerny-Turner Spectrograph,” Appl. Opt. 7(6), 1053–1059 (1968), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ao/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-7-6-1053 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  18. G. R. Rosendahl, “Contributions to the Optics of Mirror Systems and Gratings with Oblique Incidence. III. Some Applications,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52(4), 412–415 (1962), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josa/abstract.cfm?URI=josa-52-4-412 . [CrossRef]
  19. A. E. Conrady, Applied Optics and Optical Design, (Dover Publications Inc., New York, 1960), Chap XII, part 2.
  20. D. Malacara and Z. Malacara, Handbook of Lens Design, (Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. 2004), Chap. 5.
  21. R. Kingslake, Lens Design Fundamentals, (Academic Press, San Diego, 1978), Chap 10.
  22. D. A. Atchison, A. Bradley, L. N. Thibos, and G. Smith, “Useful variations of the Badal optometer,” Optom. Vis. Sci. 72(4), 279–284 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  23. G. Smith and D. A. Atchison, The eye and visual optical instruments, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1997), Chap. 30.

Cited By

 Alert me when this paper is cited

OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.


« Previous Article  |  Next Article »

OSA is a member of CrossRef.

CrossCheck Deposited