The effect of gain medium length on dynamic mode stability in semiconductor lasers with a long intra-cavity filter

doi:10.1364/OE.17.022838

The effect of gain medium length on dynamic mode stability in semiconductor lasers with a long intra-cavity filter

Oh Kee Kwon, Chul Wook Lee, Jang Wook Shin, Eun Deok Sim, Jong-Hoi Kim, Dong Hun Lee, Dong Soo Bang, and Yong Soon Baek »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 25, pp. 22838-22846 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.022838

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Abstract

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the effect of the physical length of gain medium on dynamic mode stability in semiconductor lasers with an intra-cavity filter. In simulation, two types of analysis models were used to examine the lasing properties and to analyze the dynamic mode stability of the external-cavity system, respectively. In experiment, two different kinds of the structures were fabricated and their spectra were analyzed. Both simulation and measurement results show clearly the length of the gain medium has a critical influence on the stability around the peak wavelength of the filter.

OCIS Codes
(140.3410) Lasers and laser optics : Laser resonators
(230.3120) Optical devices : Integrated optics devices

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

History
Original Manuscript: October 1, 2009
Revised Manuscript: November 8, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: November 16, 2009
Published: November 30, 2009

Citation
Oh Kee Kwon, Chul Wook Lee, Jang Wook Shin, Eun Deok Sim, Jong-Hoi Kim, Dong Hun Lee, Dong Soo Bang, and Yong Soon Baek, "The effect of gain medium length on dynamic mode stability in semiconductor lasers with a long intra-cavity filter," Opt. Express 17, 22838-22846 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-25-22838

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References

M. Zirngibl, B. Glance, L. W, Stulz, C.H. Joyner, G. Raybon, and I. P. Kaminow, "Characterization of a multiwavelength waveguide grating router laser," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 6,1082-1084 (1994). [CrossRef]
C. H. Joyner, C. R. Doerr, L. W. Stulz, M. Zirngibl, and J. C. Centanni, "Low-threshold nine-channel waveguide grating router-based continuous wave transmitter," J. Lightwave Technol. 17,647-651 (1999). [CrossRef]
J. B. D. Soole, K. R. Poguntke, A. Scherer, H. P. LeBlanc, C. Chang-Hasnain, J. R. Hayes, C. Caneau, R. Bhat, and M. A. Koza, "Wavelength-selectable laser emission from a multistripe array grating integrated cavity laser," Appl. Phys. Lett. 61,2750-2752 (1992). [CrossRef]
O. K. Kwon, J. H. Kim, K. H. Kim, E. D. Sim, and K. R. Oh, "Widely tunable multichannel grating cavity laser," IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 18, 1699-1701 (2006). [CrossRef]
C. E. Zah, F. J. Facire, B. Pathak, R. Bhat, C. Caneau, P. S. D. Lin, A. S. Gozdz, N. C. Andreadakis, M. A. Koza, and T. P. Lee, "Monolithic integration of multiwavelength compressive-strained multiquantum-well distributed feedback laser array with star coupler and optical amplifiers," Electron Lett. 28, 2361-2362 (1992).
D. F. Welch, F. A. Kish, S. M. R. Nagarajan, M. Kato, C. H. Joyner, J. L. Pleumeekers, R. P. Schneider, J. Bäck, A. G. Dentai, V. G. Dominic, P. W. Evans, M. Kauffman, D. J. H. Lambert, S. K. Hurtt, A. Mathur, M. L. Mitchell, M. Missey, S. Murthy, A. C. Nilsson, R. A. Salvatore, M. F. Van Leeuwen, J. Webjorn, M. Ziari, S. G. Grubb, D. Perkins, M. Reffle, and D. G. Mehuys, "Large-scale InP photonic integrated circuits: enabling effect scaling of optical transport networks," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13,22-31 (2007). [CrossRef]
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L. Möller, C. R. Doerr, C. H. Joyner, and M. Zirngibl, "Mode stabilization technique for the multifrequency laser," in Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication and Conference, Paper TuL4-1-TuL4-3 (2000).
J. H. den Besten, R. G. Broeke, M. van Geemert, J. J. M. Binsma, F. Heinrichsdorff, T. van Dongen, E. A. J. M. Bente, X. J. M Leijtens, and M. K. Smit, "An integrated 4×4-channel multiwavelength laser on InP," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15,368-370 (2003). [CrossRef]
M. H. Kwakernaak, W. K. Chan, N. Maley, H. Mohseni, L. Yang, D. R. Capewell, B. Kharas, V. Frantz, T. Mood, G. A. Pajer, D. A. Ackerman, J. G. Kim, and D. H. Lee, "Multi-frequency laser monolithically integrating InGaAsP gain elements with amorphous silicon AWG," in Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication and Conference, Paper OWH4 (2006). [CrossRef]
E. Detoma, B. Tromborg, and I. Montrosset, "The complex way to laser diode spectra: example of an external cavity strong optical feedback," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 41,171-182 (2005). [CrossRef]
H. Ghafouri-Shiraz, Distributed feedback laser diodes and optical tunable filters, (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, England, 2003).
M. H. Kwakernaak, W. Chan, D. Capewell, V. Frantz, D. Kharas, A. Ulmer, T. Petrova, R. Farkas, D. Ackerman, T. Mood, and J. G. Kim, "a-Si integrated photonics: phase II final report prepared for Dewell Elecom Inc.," Sanroff corp., 201 Washington Road Princeton, N.J. 08543 (2005).
R. J. Lang, A. Yariv, "Intermodal stability of a coupled-cavity semiconductor laser," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-22,631-636 (1986). [CrossRef]

Andreadakis, N. C.
Bäck, J.
Bente, E. A. J. M.
Bhat, R.
Binsma, J. J. M.
Broeke, R. G.
Caneau, C.
Centanni, J. C.
Chang-Hasnain, C.
den Besten, J. H.
Dentai, A. G.
Detoma, E.
Doerr, C. R.
Dominic, V. G.
Evans, P. W.
Facire, F. J.
Glance, B.
Gozdz, A. S.
Grubb, S. G.
Hayes, J. R.
Heinrichsdorff, F.
Hurtt, S. K.
Joyner, C. H.
Kato, M.
Kauffman, M.
Kim, J. H.
Kim, K. H.
Kish, F. A.
Koza, M. A.
Kwon, O. K.
Lambert, D. J. H.
Lang, R. J.
LeBlanc, H. P.
Lee, T. P.
Leijtens, X. J. M
Lin, P. S. D.
Mathur, A.
Mehuys, D. G.
Missey, M.
Mitchell, M. L.
Montrosset, I.
Murthy, S.
Nagarajan, S. M. R.
Nilsson, A. C.
Oh, K. R.
Pathak, B.
Perkins, D.
Pleumeekers, J. L.
Poguntke, K. R.
Reffle, M.
Salvatore, R. A.
Scherer, A.
Schneider, R. P.
Sim, E. D.
Smit, M. K.
Soole, J. B. D.
Stulz, L. W.
Tromborg, B.
van Dongen, T.
van Geemert, M.
Van Leeuwen, M. F.
Webjorn, J.
Welch, D. F.
Yariv, A.
Zah, C. E.
Ziari, M.
Zirngibl, M.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

J. B. D. Soole, K. R. Poguntke, A. Scherer, H. P. LeBlanc, C. Chang-Hasnain, J. R. Hayes, C. Caneau, R. Bhat, and M. A. Koza, "Wavelength-selectable laser emission from a multistripe array grating integrated cavity laser," Appl. Phys. Lett. 61,2750-2752 (1992). [CrossRef]

Electron Lett.

C. E. Zah, F. J. Facire, B. Pathak, R. Bhat, C. Caneau, P. S. D. Lin, A. S. Gozdz, N. C. Andreadakis, M. A. Koza, and T. P. Lee, "Monolithic integration of multiwavelength compressive-strained multiquantum-well distributed feedback laser array with star coupler and optical amplifiers," Electron Lett. 28, 2361-2362 (1992).

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

E. Detoma, B. Tromborg, and I. Montrosset, "The complex way to laser diode spectra: example of an external cavity strong optical feedback," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 41,171-182 (2005). [CrossRef]
R. J. Lang, A. Yariv, "Intermodal stability of a coupled-cavity semiconductor laser," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-22,631-636 (1986). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

D. F. Welch, F. A. Kish, S. M. R. Nagarajan, M. Kato, C. H. Joyner, J. L. Pleumeekers, R. P. Schneider, J. Bäck, A. G. Dentai, V. G. Dominic, P. W. Evans, M. Kauffman, D. J. H. Lambert, S. K. Hurtt, A. Mathur, M. L. Mitchell, M. Missey, S. Murthy, A. C. Nilsson, R. A. Salvatore, M. F. Van Leeuwen, J. Webjorn, M. Ziari, S. G. Grubb, D. Perkins, M. Reffle, and D. G. Mehuys, "Large-scale InP photonic integrated circuits: enabling effect scaling of optical transport networks," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13,22-31 (2007). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon Technol. Lett.

C. R. Doerr, "Theoretical stability analysis of side-mode operation in uncontrolled mode-selection semiconductor lasers," IEEE Photon Technol. Lett. 9, 1457-1459 (1997). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett.

O. K. Kwon, J. H. Kim, K. H. Kim, E. D. Sim, and K. R. Oh, "Widely tunable multichannel grating cavity laser," IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 18, 1699-1701 (2006). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

M. Zirngibl, B. Glance, L. W, Stulz, C.H. Joyner, G. Raybon, and I. P. Kaminow, "Characterization of a multiwavelength waveguide grating router laser," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 6,1082-1084 (1994). [CrossRef]
J. H. den Besten, R. G. Broeke, M. van Geemert, J. J. M. Binsma, F. Heinrichsdorff, T. van Dongen, E. A. J. M. Bente, X. J. M Leijtens, and M. K. Smit, "An integrated 4×4-channel multiwavelength laser on InP," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15,368-370 (2003). [CrossRef]

J. Lightwave Technol.

C. H. Joyner, C. R. Doerr, L. W. Stulz, M. Zirngibl, and J. C. Centanni, "Low-threshold nine-channel waveguide grating router-based continuous wave transmitter," J. Lightwave Technol. 17,647-651 (1999). [CrossRef]

Other

L. Möller, C. R. Doerr, C. H. Joyner, and M. Zirngibl, "Mode stabilization technique for the multifrequency laser," in Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication and Conference, Paper TuL4-1-TuL4-3 (2000).
M. H. Kwakernaak, W. K. Chan, N. Maley, H. Mohseni, L. Yang, D. R. Capewell, B. Kharas, V. Frantz, T. Mood, G. A. Pajer, D. A. Ackerman, J. G. Kim, and D. H. Lee, "Multi-frequency laser monolithically integrating InGaAsP gain elements with amorphous silicon AWG," in Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication and Conference, Paper OWH4 (2006). [CrossRef]
H. Ghafouri-Shiraz, Distributed feedback laser diodes and optical tunable filters, (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, England, 2003).
M. H. Kwakernaak, W. Chan, D. Capewell, V. Frantz, D. Kharas, A. Ulmer, T. Petrova, R. Farkas, D. Ackerman, T. Mood, and J. G. Kim, "a-Si integrated photonics: phase II final report prepared for Dewell Elecom Inc.," Sanroff corp., 201 Washington Road Princeton, N.J. 08543 (2005).

2007, Welch, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
2006, Kwon, IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett.
2005, Detoma, IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
2003, den Besten, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
1999, Joyner, J. Lightwave Technol.
1997, Doerr, IEEE Photon Technol. Lett.
1994, Zirngibl, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
1992, Zah, Electron Lett.
1992, Soole, Appl. Phys. Lett.
1986, Lang, IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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