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Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of graphene-oligothiophene hybrid material
Xiao-Liang Zhang, Xin Zhao, Zhi-Bo Liu, Yong-Sheng Liu, Yong-Sheng Chen, and Jian-Guo Tian »View Author Affiliations
1The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
2School of Physicsl, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
3Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
*Corresponding author: rainingstar@nankai.edu.cn
Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 26, pp. 23959-23964 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.023959
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Abstract
The nonlinear optical and optical limiting properties of an oligothiophene (6THIOP) covalently functionalized graphene hybrid material (Graphene-6THIOP) were investigated by using Z-scan technique with a 5ns Q-switched pulsed laser at 532 nm. Results show that the hybrid material of Graphene-6THIOP exhibits enhanced nonlinear optical and optical limiting properties in comparison to individual 6THIOP, graphene moiety and C60. The enhanced nonlinear optical properties of Graphene-6THIOP should be attributed to the combination of the observed nonlinear scattering with the possible photoinduced electron or energy transfer mechanism between 6THIOP moiety and graphene.
© 2009 OSA
OCIS Codes
(190.0190) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics
(190.4710) Nonlinear optics : Optical nonlinearities in organic materials
(290.5820) Scattering : Scattering measurements
ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics
History
Original Manuscript: September 1, 2009
Revised Manuscript: November 25, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: November 25, 2009
Published: December 16, 2009
Citation
Xiao-Liang Zhang, Xin Zhao, Zhi-Bo Liu, Yong-Sheng Liu, Yong-Sheng Chen, and Jian-Guo Tian, "Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of graphene-oligothiophene hybrid material," Opt. Express 17, 23959-23964 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-26-23959
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References
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- R. Yamada, H. Kumazawa, T. Noutoshi, S. Tanaka, and H. Tada, “Electrical conductance of oligothiophene molecular wires,” Nano Lett. 8(4), 1237–1240 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- W. Wu, S. Zhang, Y. Li, J. X. Li, L. Q. Liu, Y. J. Qin, Z. X. Guo, L. M. Dai, C. Ye, and D. B. Zhu, “PVK-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes with effective photoinduced electron transfer,” Macromolecules 36(17), 6286–6288 (2003). [CrossRef]
- L. Q. Liu, S. Zhang, T. J. Hu, Z. X. Guo, C. Ye, L. M. Dai, and D. B. Zhu, “Solubilized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with broadband optical limiting effect,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 359(3-4), 191–195 (2002). [CrossRef]
- Y. S. Liu, J. Y. Zhou, X. L. Zhang, Z. B. Liu, X. J. Wan, J. G. Tian, T. Wang, and Y. S. Chen, “Synthesis, characterization and optical limiting property of covalently oligothiophene-functionalized graphene material,” Carbon 47(13), 3113–3121 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. S. Liu, J. Y. Zhou, X. L. Zhang, Z. B. Liu, X. J. Wan, J. G. Tian, T. Wang, and Y. S. Chen, “Synthesis, characterization and optical limiting property of covalently oligothiophene-functionalized graphene material,” Carbon 47(13), 3113–3121 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. F. Xu, Z. B. Liu, X. L. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. G. Tian, Y. Huang, Y. F. Ma, X. Y. Zhang, and Y. S. Chen, “A graphene hybrid material covalently functionalized with porphyrin: synthesis and optical limiting property,” Adv. Mater. 21(12), 1275–1279 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, Y. Wang, X. L. Zhang, Y. F. Xu, Y. S. Chen, and J. G. Tian, “Nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide in nanosecond and picosecond regimes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(2), 021902 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, J. G. Tian, Z. Guo, D. M. Ren, F. Du, J. Y. Zheng, and Y. S. Chen, “Enhanced optical limiting effects in porphyrin-covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Adv. Mater. 20(3), 511–515 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, Y. L. Liu, B. Zhang, W. Y. Zhou, J. G. Tian, W. P. Zang, and C. P. Zhang, “Nonlinear absorption and optical limiting properties of carbon disulfide in a short-wavelength region,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24(5), 1101–1104 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. A. Becerril, J. Mao, Z. F. Liu, R. M. Stoltenberg, Z. N. Bao, and Y. S. Chen, “Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors,” ACS Nano 2(3), 463–470 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. F. Xu, Z. B. Liu, X. L. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. G. Tian, Y. Huang, Y. F. Ma, X. Y. Zhang, and Y. S. Chen, “A graphene hybrid material covalently functionalized with porphyrin: synthesis and optical limiting property,” Adv. Mater. 21(12), 1275–1279 (2009). [CrossRef]
- H. A. Becerril, J. Mao, Z. F. Liu, R. M. Stoltenberg, Z. N. Bao, and Y. S. Chen, “Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors,” ACS Nano 2(3), 463–470 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. S. Li, Y. Yamamoto, T. Fukushima, A. Saeki, S. Seki, S. Tagawa, H. Masunaga, S. Sasaki, M. Takata, and T. Aida, “Amphiphilic molecular design as a rational strategy for tailoring bicontinuous electron donor and acceptor arrays: photoconductive liquid crystalline oligothiophene--C60 dyads,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(28), 8886–8887 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Bunch, A. M. van der Zande, S. S. Verbridge, I. W. Frank, D. M. Tanenbaum, J. M. Parpia, H. G. Craighead, and P. L. McEuen, “Electromechanical resonators from graphene sheets,” Science 315(5811), 490–493 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. A. Dikin, S. Stankovich, E. J. Zimney, R. D. Piner, G. H. B. Dommett, G. Evmenenko, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, “Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper,” Nature 448(7152), 457–460 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Yamada, H. Kumazawa, T. Noutoshi, S. Tanaka, and H. Tada, “Electrical conductance of oligothiophene molecular wires,” Nano Lett. 8(4), 1237–1240 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater. 6(3), 183–191 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Bunch, A. M. van der Zande, S. S. Verbridge, I. W. Frank, D. M. Tanenbaum, J. M. Parpia, H. G. Craighead, and P. L. McEuen, “Electromechanical resonators from graphene sheets,” Science 315(5811), 490–493 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Schulze, C. Uhrich, R. Schüppel, K. Leo, M. Pfeiffer, E. Brier, E. Reinold, and P. Bäuerle, “Efficient vacuum-deposited organic solar cells based on a new low-bandgap oligothiophene and fullerene C60,” Adv. Mater. 18(21), 2872–2875 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D. A. Dikin, S. Stankovich, E. J. Zimney, R. D. Piner, G. H. B. Dommett, G. Evmenenko, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, “Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper,” Nature 448(7152), 457–460 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Wu, S. Zhang, Y. Li, J. X. Li, L. Q. Liu, Y. J. Qin, Z. X. Guo, L. M. Dai, C. Ye, and D. B. Zhu, “PVK-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes with effective photoinduced electron transfer,” Macromolecules 36(17), 6286–6288 (2003). [CrossRef]
- K. Schulze, C. Uhrich, R. Schüppel, K. Leo, M. Pfeiffer, E. Brier, E. Reinold, and P. Bäuerle, “Efficient vacuum-deposited organic solar cells based on a new low-bandgap oligothiophene and fullerene C60,” Adv. Mater. 18(21), 2872–2875 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, J. G. Tian, Z. Guo, D. M. Ren, F. Du, J. Y. Zheng, and Y. S. Chen, “Enhanced optical limiting effects in porphyrin-covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Adv. Mater. 20(3), 511–515 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Vivien, P. Lancon, D. Riehl, F. Hache, and E. Anglaret, “Carbon nanotubes for optical limiting,” Carbon 40(10), 1789–1797 (2002). [CrossRef]
- J. E. Riggs, D. B. Walker, D. L. Carroll, and Y. P. Sun, “Optical limiting properties of suspended and solubilized carbon nanotubes,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(30), 7071–7076 (2000). [CrossRef]
- D. A. Dikin, S. Stankovich, E. J. Zimney, R. D. Piner, G. H. B. Dommett, G. Evmenenko, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, “Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper,” Nature 448(7152), 457–460 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. S. Li, Y. Yamamoto, T. Fukushima, A. Saeki, S. Seki, S. Tagawa, H. Masunaga, S. Sasaki, M. Takata, and T. Aida, “Amphiphilic molecular design as a rational strategy for tailoring bicontinuous electron donor and acceptor arrays: photoconductive liquid crystalline oligothiophene--C60 dyads,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(28), 8886–8887 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990). [CrossRef]
- W. S. Li, Y. Yamamoto, T. Fukushima, A. Saeki, S. Seki, S. Tagawa, H. Masunaga, S. Sasaki, M. Takata, and T. Aida, “Amphiphilic molecular design as a rational strategy for tailoring bicontinuous electron donor and acceptor arrays: photoconductive liquid crystalline oligothiophene--C60 dyads,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(28), 8886–8887 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Schulze, C. Uhrich, R. Schüppel, K. Leo, M. Pfeiffer, E. Brier, E. Reinold, and P. Bäuerle, “Efficient vacuum-deposited organic solar cells based on a new low-bandgap oligothiophene and fullerene C60,” Adv. Mater. 18(21), 2872–2875 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Schulze, C. Uhrich, R. Schüppel, K. Leo, M. Pfeiffer, E. Brier, E. Reinold, and P. Bäuerle, “Efficient vacuum-deposited organic solar cells based on a new low-bandgap oligothiophene and fullerene C60,” Adv. Mater. 18(21), 2872–2875 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. S. Li, Y. Yamamoto, T. Fukushima, A. Saeki, S. Seki, S. Tagawa, H. Masunaga, S. Sasaki, M. Takata, and T. Aida, “Amphiphilic molecular design as a rational strategy for tailoring bicontinuous electron donor and acceptor arrays: photoconductive liquid crystalline oligothiophene--C60 dyads,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(28), 8886–8887 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990). [CrossRef]
- D. A. Dikin, S. Stankovich, E. J. Zimney, R. D. Piner, G. H. B. Dommett, G. Evmenenko, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, “Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper,” Nature 448(7152), 457–460 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. A. Becerril, J. Mao, Z. F. Liu, R. M. Stoltenberg, Z. N. Bao, and Y. S. Chen, “Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors,” ACS Nano 2(3), 463–470 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. X. Jin, X. Sun, G. Q. Xu, S. H. Goh, and W. Ji, “Nonlinear optical properties of some polymer/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 318(6), 505–510 (2000). [CrossRef]
- P. Chen, X. Wu, X. Sun, J. Lin, W. Ji, and K. L. Tan, “Electronic structure and optical limiting behavior of carbon nanotubes,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(12), 2548–2551 (1999). [CrossRef]
- X. Sun, R. Q. Yu, G. Q. Xu, T. S. A. Hor, and W. Ji, “Broadband optical limiting with multiwalled carbon nanotubes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(25), 3632–3634 (1998). [CrossRef]
- J. E. Riggs, D. B. Walker, D. L. Carroll, and Y. P. Sun, “Optical limiting properties of suspended and solubilized carbon nanotubes,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(30), 7071–7076 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Yamada, H. Kumazawa, T. Noutoshi, S. Tanaka, and H. Tada, “Electrical conductance of oligothiophene molecular wires,” Nano Lett. 8(4), 1237–1240 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. S. Li, Y. Yamamoto, T. Fukushima, A. Saeki, S. Seki, S. Tagawa, H. Masunaga, S. Sasaki, M. Takata, and T. Aida, “Amphiphilic molecular design as a rational strategy for tailoring bicontinuous electron donor and acceptor arrays: photoconductive liquid crystalline oligothiophene--C60 dyads,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(28), 8886–8887 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. S. Li, Y. Yamamoto, T. Fukushima, A. Saeki, S. Seki, S. Tagawa, H. Masunaga, S. Sasaki, M. Takata, and T. Aida, “Amphiphilic molecular design as a rational strategy for tailoring bicontinuous electron donor and acceptor arrays: photoconductive liquid crystalline oligothiophene--C60 dyads,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(28), 8886–8887 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Chen, X. Wu, X. Sun, J. Lin, W. Ji, and K. L. Tan, “Electronic structure and optical limiting behavior of carbon nanotubes,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(12), 2548–2551 (1999). [CrossRef]
- R. Yamada, H. Kumazawa, T. Noutoshi, S. Tanaka, and H. Tada, “Electrical conductance of oligothiophene molecular wires,” Nano Lett. 8(4), 1237–1240 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Bunch, A. M. van der Zande, S. S. Verbridge, I. W. Frank, D. M. Tanenbaum, J. M. Parpia, H. G. Craighead, and P. L. McEuen, “Electromechanical resonators from graphene sheets,” Science 315(5811), 490–493 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. L. Liu, G. Z. Zhao, Q. H. Gong, K. L. Tang, X. L. Jin, P. Cui, and L. Li, “Optical limiting property of molybdenum complex of fullerene C70,” Opt. Commun. 184(1-4), 309–313 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, Y. Wang, X. L. Zhang, Y. F. Xu, Y. S. Chen, and J. G. Tian, “Nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide in nanosecond and picosecond regimes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(2), 021902 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. F. Xu, Z. B. Liu, X. L. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. G. Tian, Y. Huang, Y. F. Ma, X. Y. Zhang, and Y. S. Chen, “A graphene hybrid material covalently functionalized with porphyrin: synthesis and optical limiting property,” Adv. Mater. 21(12), 1275–1279 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. S. Liu, J. Y. Zhou, X. L. Zhang, Z. B. Liu, X. J. Wan, J. G. Tian, T. Wang, and Y. S. Chen, “Synthesis, characterization and optical limiting property of covalently oligothiophene-functionalized graphene material,” Carbon 47(13), 3113–3121 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, J. G. Tian, Z. Guo, D. M. Ren, F. Du, J. Y. Zheng, and Y. S. Chen, “Enhanced optical limiting effects in porphyrin-covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Adv. Mater. 20(3), 511–515 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, Y. L. Liu, B. Zhang, W. Y. Zhou, J. G. Tian, W. P. Zang, and C. P. Zhang, “Nonlinear absorption and optical limiting properties of carbon disulfide in a short-wavelength region,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24(5), 1101–1104 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. W. Tutt and A. Kost, “Optical limiting performance of C60 and C70 solutions,” Nature 356(6366), 225–226 (1992). [CrossRef]
- K. Schulze, C. Uhrich, R. Schüppel, K. Leo, M. Pfeiffer, E. Brier, E. Reinold, and P. Bäuerle, “Efficient vacuum-deposited organic solar cells based on a new low-bandgap oligothiophene and fullerene C60,” Adv. Mater. 18(21), 2872–2875 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. S. Bunch, A. M. van der Zande, S. S. Verbridge, I. W. Frank, D. M. Tanenbaum, J. M. Parpia, H. G. Craighead, and P. L. McEuen, “Electromechanical resonators from graphene sheets,” Science 315(5811), 490–493 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Mansour, M. J. Soileau, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Nonlinear optical properties of carbon-black suspensions (ink),” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9(7), 1100–1109 (1992). [CrossRef]
- M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990). [CrossRef]
- J. S. Bunch, A. M. van der Zande, S. S. Verbridge, I. W. Frank, D. M. Tanenbaum, J. M. Parpia, H. G. Craighead, and P. L. McEuen, “Electromechanical resonators from graphene sheets,” Science 315(5811), 490–493 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Vivien, P. Lancon, D. Riehl, F. Hache, and E. Anglaret, “Carbon nanotubes for optical limiting,” Carbon 40(10), 1789–1797 (2002). [CrossRef]
- J. E. Riggs, D. B. Walker, D. L. Carroll, and Y. P. Sun, “Optical limiting properties of suspended and solubilized carbon nanotubes,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(30), 7071–7076 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Y. S. Liu, J. Y. Zhou, X. L. Zhang, Z. B. Liu, X. J. Wan, J. G. Tian, T. Wang, and Y. S. Chen, “Synthesis, characterization and optical limiting property of covalently oligothiophene-functionalized graphene material,” Carbon 47(13), 3113–3121 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. S. Liu, J. Y. Zhou, X. L. Zhang, Z. B. Liu, X. J. Wan, J. G. Tian, T. Wang, and Y. S. Chen, “Synthesis, characterization and optical limiting property of covalently oligothiophene-functionalized graphene material,” Carbon 47(13), 3113–3121 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. F. Xu, Z. B. Liu, X. L. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. G. Tian, Y. Huang, Y. F. Ma, X. Y. Zhang, and Y. S. Chen, “A graphene hybrid material covalently functionalized with porphyrin: synthesis and optical limiting property,” Adv. Mater. 21(12), 1275–1279 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, Y. Wang, X. L. Zhang, Y. F. Xu, Y. S. Chen, and J. G. Tian, “Nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide in nanosecond and picosecond regimes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(2), 021902 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990). [CrossRef]
- W. Wu, S. Zhang, Y. Li, J. X. Li, L. Q. Liu, Y. J. Qin, Z. X. Guo, L. M. Dai, C. Ye, and D. B. Zhu, “PVK-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes with effective photoinduced electron transfer,” Macromolecules 36(17), 6286–6288 (2003). [CrossRef]
- P. Chen, X. Wu, X. Sun, J. Lin, W. Ji, and K. L. Tan, “Electronic structure and optical limiting behavior of carbon nanotubes,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(12), 2548–2551 (1999). [CrossRef]
- Z. X. Jin, X. Sun, G. Q. Xu, S. H. Goh, and W. Ji, “Nonlinear optical properties of some polymer/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 318(6), 505–510 (2000). [CrossRef]
- X. Sun, R. Q. Yu, G. Q. Xu, T. S. A. Hor, and W. Ji, “Broadband optical limiting with multiwalled carbon nanotubes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(25), 3632–3634 (1998). [CrossRef]
- Y. F. Xu, Z. B. Liu, X. L. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. G. Tian, Y. Huang, Y. F. Ma, X. Y. Zhang, and Y. S. Chen, “A graphene hybrid material covalently functionalized with porphyrin: synthesis and optical limiting property,” Adv. Mater. 21(12), 1275–1279 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, Y. Wang, X. L. Zhang, Y. F. Xu, Y. S. Chen, and J. G. Tian, “Nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide in nanosecond and picosecond regimes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(2), 021902 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Yamada, H. Kumazawa, T. Noutoshi, S. Tanaka, and H. Tada, “Electrical conductance of oligothiophene molecular wires,” Nano Lett. 8(4), 1237–1240 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. S. Li, Y. Yamamoto, T. Fukushima, A. Saeki, S. Seki, S. Tagawa, H. Masunaga, S. Sasaki, M. Takata, and T. Aida, “Amphiphilic molecular design as a rational strategy for tailoring bicontinuous electron donor and acceptor arrays: photoconductive liquid crystalline oligothiophene--C60 dyads,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(28), 8886–8887 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Wu, S. Zhang, Y. Li, J. X. Li, L. Q. Liu, Y. J. Qin, Z. X. Guo, L. M. Dai, C. Ye, and D. B. Zhu, “PVK-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes with effective photoinduced electron transfer,” Macromolecules 36(17), 6286–6288 (2003). [CrossRef]
- L. Q. Liu, S. Zhang, T. J. Hu, Z. X. Guo, C. Ye, L. M. Dai, and D. B. Zhu, “Solubilized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with broadband optical limiting effect,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 359(3-4), 191–195 (2002). [CrossRef]
- X. Sun, R. Q. Yu, G. Q. Xu, T. S. A. Hor, and W. Ji, “Broadband optical limiting with multiwalled carbon nanotubes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(25), 3632–3634 (1998). [CrossRef]
- W. Wu, S. Zhang, Y. Li, J. X. Li, L. Q. Liu, Y. J. Qin, Z. X. Guo, L. M. Dai, C. Ye, and D. B. Zhu, “PVK-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes with effective photoinduced electron transfer,” Macromolecules 36(17), 6286–6288 (2003). [CrossRef]
- L. Q. Liu, S. Zhang, T. J. Hu, Z. X. Guo, C. Ye, L. M. Dai, and D. B. Zhu, “Solubilized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with broadband optical limiting effect,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 359(3-4), 191–195 (2002). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, Y. Wang, X. L. Zhang, Y. F. Xu, Y. S. Chen, and J. G. Tian, “Nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide in nanosecond and picosecond regimes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(2), 021902 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. S. Liu, J. Y. Zhou, X. L. Zhang, Z. B. Liu, X. J. Wan, J. G. Tian, T. Wang, and Y. S. Chen, “Synthesis, characterization and optical limiting property of covalently oligothiophene-functionalized graphene material,” Carbon 47(13), 3113–3121 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. F. Xu, Z. B. Liu, X. L. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. G. Tian, Y. Huang, Y. F. Ma, X. Y. Zhang, and Y. S. Chen, “A graphene hybrid material covalently functionalized with porphyrin: synthesis and optical limiting property,” Adv. Mater. 21(12), 1275–1279 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. F. Xu, Z. B. Liu, X. L. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. G. Tian, Y. Huang, Y. F. Ma, X. Y. Zhang, and Y. S. Chen, “A graphene hybrid material covalently functionalized with porphyrin: synthesis and optical limiting property,” Adv. Mater. 21(12), 1275–1279 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Liu, G. Z. Zhao, Q. H. Gong, K. L. Tang, X. L. Jin, P. Cui, and L. Li, “Optical limiting property of molybdenum complex of fullerene C70,” Opt. Commun. 184(1-4), 309–313 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, J. G. Tian, Z. Guo, D. M. Ren, F. Du, J. Y. Zheng, and Y. S. Chen, “Enhanced optical limiting effects in porphyrin-covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Adv. Mater. 20(3), 511–515 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. S. Liu, J. Y. Zhou, X. L. Zhang, Z. B. Liu, X. J. Wan, J. G. Tian, T. Wang, and Y. S. Chen, “Synthesis, characterization and optical limiting property of covalently oligothiophene-functionalized graphene material,” Carbon 47(13), 3113–3121 (2009). [CrossRef]
- W. Wu, S. Zhang, Y. Li, J. X. Li, L. Q. Liu, Y. J. Qin, Z. X. Guo, L. M. Dai, C. Ye, and D. B. Zhu, “PVK-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes with effective photoinduced electron transfer,” Macromolecules 36(17), 6286–6288 (2003). [CrossRef]
- L. Q. Liu, S. Zhang, T. J. Hu, Z. X. Guo, C. Ye, L. M. Dai, and D. B. Zhu, “Solubilized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with broadband optical limiting effect,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 359(3-4), 191–195 (2002). [CrossRef]
- D. A. Dikin, S. Stankovich, E. J. Zimney, R. D. Piner, G. H. B. Dommett, G. Evmenenko, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, “Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper,” Nature 448(7152), 457–460 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
ACS Nano
- H. A. Becerril, J. Mao, Z. F. Liu, R. M. Stoltenberg, Z. N. Bao, and Y. S. Chen, “Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors,” ACS Nano 2(3), 463–470 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Adv. Mater.
- K. Schulze, C. Uhrich, R. Schüppel, K. Leo, M. Pfeiffer, E. Brier, E. Reinold, and P. Bäuerle, “Efficient vacuum-deposited organic solar cells based on a new low-bandgap oligothiophene and fullerene C60,” Adv. Mater. 18(21), 2872–2875 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Y. F. Xu, Z. B. Liu, X. L. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. G. Tian, Y. Huang, Y. F. Ma, X. Y. Zhang, and Y. S. Chen, “A graphene hybrid material covalently functionalized with porphyrin: synthesis and optical limiting property,” Adv. Mater. 21(12), 1275–1279 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, J. G. Tian, Z. Guo, D. M. Ren, F. Du, J. Y. Zheng, and Y. S. Chen, “Enhanced optical limiting effects in porphyrin-covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Adv. Mater. 20(3), 511–515 (2008). [CrossRef]
Appl. Opt.
- D. Vincent, “Optical limiting threshold in carbon suspensions and reverse saturable absorber materials,” Appl. Opt. 40(36), 6646–6653 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- Z. B. Liu, Y. Wang, X. L. Zhang, Y. F. Xu, Y. S. Chen, and J. G. Tian, “Nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide in nanosecond and picosecond regimes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(2), 021902 (2009). [CrossRef]
- X. Sun, R. Q. Yu, G. Q. Xu, T. S. A. Hor, and W. Ji, “Broadband optical limiting with multiwalled carbon nanotubes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(25), 3632–3634 (1998). [CrossRef]
Carbon
- L. Vivien, P. Lancon, D. Riehl, F. Hache, and E. Anglaret, “Carbon nanotubes for optical limiting,” Carbon 40(10), 1789–1797 (2002). [CrossRef]
- Y. S. Liu, J. Y. Zhou, X. L. Zhang, Z. B. Liu, X. J. Wan, J. G. Tian, T. Wang, and Y. S. Chen, “Synthesis, characterization and optical limiting property of covalently oligothiophene-functionalized graphene material,” Carbon 47(13), 3113–3121 (2009). [CrossRef]
Chem. Phys. Lett.
- Z. X. Jin, X. Sun, G. Q. Xu, S. H. Goh, and W. Ji, “Nonlinear optical properties of some polymer/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 318(6), 505–510 (2000). [CrossRef]
- L. Q. Liu, S. Zhang, T. J. Hu, Z. X. Guo, C. Ye, L. M. Dai, and D. B. Zhu, “Solubilized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with broadband optical limiting effect,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 359(3-4), 191–195 (2002). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990). [CrossRef]
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
- W. S. Li, Y. Yamamoto, T. Fukushima, A. Saeki, S. Seki, S. Tagawa, H. Masunaga, S. Sasaki, M. Takata, and T. Aida, “Amphiphilic molecular design as a rational strategy for tailoring bicontinuous electron donor and acceptor arrays: photoconductive liquid crystalline oligothiophene--C60 dyads,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(28), 8886–8887 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
- K. Mansour, M. J. Soileau, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Nonlinear optical properties of carbon-black suspensions (ink),” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9(7), 1100–1109 (1992). [CrossRef]
- Z. B. Liu, Y. L. Liu, B. Zhang, W. Y. Zhou, J. G. Tian, W. P. Zang, and C. P. Zhang, “Nonlinear absorption and optical limiting properties of carbon disulfide in a short-wavelength region,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24(5), 1101–1104 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Phys. Chem. B
- J. E. Riggs, D. B. Walker, D. L. Carroll, and Y. P. Sun, “Optical limiting properties of suspended and solubilized carbon nanotubes,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(30), 7071–7076 (2000). [CrossRef]
Macromolecules
- W. Wu, S. Zhang, Y. Li, J. X. Li, L. Q. Liu, Y. J. Qin, Z. X. Guo, L. M. Dai, C. Ye, and D. B. Zhu, “PVK-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes with effective photoinduced electron transfer,” Macromolecules 36(17), 6286–6288 (2003). [CrossRef]
Nano Lett.
- R. Yamada, H. Kumazawa, T. Noutoshi, S. Tanaka, and H. Tada, “Electrical conductance of oligothiophene molecular wires,” Nano Lett. 8(4), 1237–1240 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Mater.
- A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater. 6(3), 183–191 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nature
- D. A. Dikin, S. Stankovich, E. J. Zimney, R. D. Piner, G. H. B. Dommett, G. Evmenenko, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, “Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper,” Nature 448(7152), 457–460 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. W. Tutt and A. Kost, “Optical limiting performance of C60 and C70 solutions,” Nature 356(6366), 225–226 (1992). [CrossRef]
Opt. Commun.
- C. L. Liu, G. Z. Zhao, Q. H. Gong, K. L. Tang, X. L. Jin, P. Cui, and L. Li, “Optical limiting property of molybdenum complex of fullerene C70,” Opt. Commun. 184(1-4), 309–313 (2000). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
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