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Three-dimensional ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography imaging of age-related macular degeneration
Yueli Chen, Laurel N. Vuong, Jonathan Liu, Joseph Ho, Vivek J. Srinivasan, Iwona Gorczynska, Andre J. Witkin, Jay S. Duker, Joel Schuman, and James G. Fujimoto »View Author Affiliations
1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
2New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02116
3UPMC Eye Center, Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
*Corresponding author: jgfuji@mit.edu
Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 5, pp. 4046-4060 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.004046
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Abstract
Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) enhances the ability to visualize different intra retinal layers. In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), pathological changes in individual retinal layers, including photoreceptor inner and outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium, can be detected. OCT using spectral/Fourier domain detection enables high speed, volumetric imaging of the macula, which provides comprehensive three-dimensional tomographic and morphologic information. We present a case series of AMD patients, from mild drusen to more advanced geographic atrophy and exudative AMD. Patients were imaged with a research prototype, ultrahigh resolution spectral/Fourier domain OCT instrument with 3.5 µm axial image resolution operating at 25,000 axial scans per second. These cases provide representative volumetric datasets of well-documented AMD pathologies which could be used for the development of visualization and imaging processing methods and algorithms.
© 2009 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(110.4500) Imaging systems : Optical coherence tomography
(120.3180) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Interferometry
(170.3880) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical and biological imaging
ToC Category:
OCT in Retinal Disease
History
Original Manuscript: December 10, 2008
Revised Manuscript: February 12, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: February 21, 2009
Published: March 2, 2009
Virtual Issues
Vol. 4, Iss. 5 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Interactive Science Publishing Focus Issue: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) (2009) Optics Express
Citation
Yueli Chen, Laurel N. Vuong, Jonathan Liu, Joseph Ho, Vivek J. Srinivasan, Iwona Gorczynska, Andre J. Witkin, Jay S. Duker, Joel Schuman, and James G. Fujimoto, "Three-dimensional ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography imaging of age-related macular degeneration," Opt. Express 17, 4046-4060 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-5-4046
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- V.J. Srinivasan, M. Wojtkowski, A.J. Witkin, J.S. Duker, T.H. Ko, M. Carvalho, J.S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J.G. Fujimoto, "High-definition and 3-dimensional imaging of macular pathologies with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology., 113,2054-2065 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R.L. Avery, D.J. Pieramici, M.D. Rabena, A.A. Castellarin, M.A. Nasir, and M.J. Giust, "Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration," Ophthalmology 113,363-372 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Cense, N.A. Nassif, T.C. Chen, M.C. Pierce, S.H. Yun, B.H. Park, B.E. Bouma, G.J. Tearney, and J.F. de Boer, "Ultrahigh-resolution high-speed retinal imaging using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 12,2435-2447 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- T.H. Ko, A.J. Witkin, J.G. Fujimoto, A. Chan, A.H. Rogers, C.R. Baumal, J.S. Schuman, W. Drexler, E. Reichel, and J.S. Duker, "Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of surgically closed macular holes," Arch. Ophthalmol. 124,827-836 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- L.A. Paunescu, T.H. Ko, J.S. Duker, A. Chan, W. Drexler, J.S. Schuman, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Idiopathic juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasis: new findings by ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 113,48-57 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- M. Wojtkowski, V.J. Srinivasan, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, A. Kowalczyk, and J.S. Duker, "Ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed, Fourier domain optical coherence tomography and methods for dispersion compensation," Optics Express 12,2404-2422 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M.R. Hee, C.R. Baumal, C.A. Puliafito, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, J.R. Wilkins, J.G. Coker, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography of age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization," Ophthalmology 103,1260-1270 (1996). [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.A. Puliafito, C. Wong, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography of macular holes," Ophthalmology 102,748-756 (1995). [PubMed]
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- W. Drexler, U. Morgner, R.K. Ghanta, F.X. Kärtner, J.S. Schuman, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Ultrahigh-resolution ophthalmic optical coherence tomography," Nature Medicine 7,502-507 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- N.A. Nassif, B. Cense, B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, S.H. Yun, B.E. Bouma, G.J. Tearney, T.C. Chen, and J.F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12,367-376 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D.S. Friedman, B.J. O'Colmain, B. Munoz, S.C. Tomany, C. McCarty, P.T. de Jong, B. Nemesure, P. Mitchell, and J. Kempen, "Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States," Arch Ophthalmol. 122,564-72 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D.S. Friedman, B.J. O'Colmain, B. Munoz, S.C. Tomany, C. McCarty, P.T. de Jong, B. Nemesure, P. Mitchell, and J. Kempen, "Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States," Arch Ophthalmol. 122,564-72 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Cense, N.A. Nassif, T.C. Chen, M.C. Pierce, S.H. Yun, B.H. Park, B.E. Bouma, G.J. Tearney, and J.F. de Boer, "Ultrahigh-resolution high-speed retinal imaging using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 12,2435-2447 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N.A. Nassif, B. Cense, B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, S.H. Yun, B.E. Bouma, G.J. Tearney, T.C. Chen, and J.F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12,367-376 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J.F. de Boer, B. Cense, B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, G.J. Tearney, and B.E. Bouma, "Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 28,2067-2069 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.A. Paunescu, T.H. Ko, J.S. Duker, A. Chan, W. Drexler, J.S. Schuman, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Idiopathic juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasis: new findings by ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 113,48-57 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, J.S. Duker, L.A. Paunescu, W. Drexler, C.R. Baumal, C.A. Puliafito, E. Reichel, A.H. Rogers, and J.S. Schuman, "Comparison of ultrahigh- and standard-resolution optical coherence tomography for imaging macular hole pathology and repair," Ophthalmology 111,2033-2043 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J.S. Schuman, M.R. Hee, A.V. Arya, T. Pedut-Kloizman, C.A. Puliafito, J.G. Fujimoto, and E.A. Swanson, "Optical coherence tomography: a new tool for glaucoma diagnosis," Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 6,89-95 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R.L. Avery, D.J. Pieramici, M.D. Rabena, A.A. Castellarin, M.A. Nasir, and M.J. Giust, "Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration," Ophthalmology 113,363-372 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Cense, N.A. Nassif, T.C. Chen, M.C. Pierce, S.H. Yun, B.H. Park, B.E. Bouma, G.J. Tearney, and J.F. de Boer, "Ultrahigh-resolution high-speed retinal imaging using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 12,2435-2447 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N.A. Nassif, B. Cense, B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, S.H. Yun, B.E. Bouma, G.J. Tearney, T.C. Chen, and J.F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12,367-376 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J.F. de Boer, B. Cense, B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, G.J. Tearney, and B.E. Bouma, "Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 28,2067-2069 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Potsaid, I. Gorczynska, V.J. Srinivasan, Y. Chen, J. Jiang, A. Cable, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Ultrahigh speed spectral / Fourier domain OCT ophthalmic imaging at 70,000 to 312,500 axial scans per second," Opt Express 16,15149-15169 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Schmidt-Erfurth, R.A. Leitgeb, S. Michels, B. Povazay, S. Sacu, B. Hermann, C. Ahlers, H. Sattmann, C. Scholda, A.F. Fercher, and W. Drexler, "Three-dimensional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of macular diseases," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46,3393-3402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S.L. Jiao, C.Y. Wu, R.W. Knighton, G. Gregori, and C.A. Puliafito, "Registration of high-density cross sectional images to the fundus image in spectral-domain ophthalmic optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 14,3368-3376 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S.L. Jiao, R. Knighton, X.R. Huang, G. Gregori, and C.A. Puliafito, "Simultaneous acquisition of sectional and fundus ophthalmic images with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 13,444-452 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, J.S. Duker, L.A. Paunescu, W. Drexler, C.R. Baumal, C.A. Puliafito, E. Reichel, A.H. Rogers, and J.S. Schuman, "Comparison of ultrahigh- and standard-resolution optical coherence tomography for imaging macular hole pathology and repair," Ophthalmology 111,2033-2043 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.A. Puliafito, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, J.G. Coker, J.R. Wilkins, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Topography of diabetic macular edema with optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 105,360-370 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.R. Baumal, C.A. Puliafito, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, J.R. Wilkins, J.G. Coker, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography of age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization," Ophthalmology 103,1260-1270 (1996). [PubMed]
- C.A. Puliafito, M.R. Hee, C.P. Lin, E. Reichel, J.S. Schuman, J.S. Duker, J.A. Izatt, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Imaging of macular diseases with optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 102,217-229 (1995). [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.A. Puliafito, C. Wong, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, B. Rutledge, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Quantitative assessment of macular edema with optical coherence tomography," Archives of Ophthalmology 113,1019-1029 (1995). [PubMed]
- J.S. Schuman, M.R. Hee, A.V. Arya, T. Pedut-Kloizman, C.A. Puliafito, J.G. Fujimoto, and E.A. Swanson, "Optical coherence tomography: a new tool for glaucoma diagnosis," Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 6,89-95 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.A. Puliafito, C. Wong, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography of macular holes," Ophthalmology 102,748-756 (1995). [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E.A. Swanson, C.P. Lin, J.S. Schuman, W.G. Stinson, W. Chang, M.R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C.A. Puliafito, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Optical Coherence Tomography," Science 254,1178-1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R.L. Avery, D.J. Pieramici, M.D. Rabena, A.A. Castellarin, M.A. Nasir, and M.J. Giust, "Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration," Ophthalmology 113,363-372 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A.J. Witkin, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, A. Chan, W. Drexler, J.S. Schuman, E. Reichel, and J.S. Duker, "Ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography assessment of photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa and related diseases," American Journal of Ophthalmology 142,945-952 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T.H. Ko, A.J. Witkin, J.G. Fujimoto, A. Chan, A.H. Rogers, C.R. Baumal, J.S. Schuman, W. Drexler, E. Reichel, and J.S. Duker, "Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of surgically closed macular holes," Arch. Ophthalmol. 124,827-836 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, J.S. Duker, L.A. Paunescu, W. Drexler, C.R. Baumal, C.A. Puliafito, E. Reichel, A.H. Rogers, and J.S. Schuman, "Comparison of ultrahigh- and standard-resolution optical coherence tomography for imaging macular hole pathology and repair," Ophthalmology 111,2033-2043 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.A. Puliafito, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, J.G. Coker, J.R. Wilkins, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Topography of diabetic macular edema with optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 105,360-370 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.R. Baumal, C.A. Puliafito, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, J.R. Wilkins, J.G. Coker, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography of age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization," Ophthalmology 103,1260-1270 (1996). [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.A. Puliafito, C. Wong, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography of macular holes," Ophthalmology 102,748-756 (1995). [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.A. Puliafito, C. Wong, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, B. Rutledge, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Quantitative assessment of macular edema with optical coherence tomography," Archives of Ophthalmology 113,1019-1029 (1995). [PubMed]
- C.A. Puliafito, M.R. Hee, C.P. Lin, E. Reichel, J.S. Schuman, J.S. Duker, J.A. Izatt, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Imaging of macular diseases with optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 102,217-229 (1995). [PubMed]
- P.J. Rosenfeld, R.M. Rich, and G.A. Lalwani, "Ranibizumab: Phase III Clinical Trial Results," Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 19,361-72 (2006). [PubMed]
- T.H. Ko, A.J. Witkin, J.G. Fujimoto, A. Chan, A.H. Rogers, C.R. Baumal, J.S. Schuman, W. Drexler, E. Reichel, and J.S. Duker, "Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of surgically closed macular holes," Arch. Ophthalmol. 124,827-836 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, J.S. Duker, L.A. Paunescu, W. Drexler, C.R. Baumal, C.A. Puliafito, E. Reichel, A.H. Rogers, and J.S. Schuman, "Comparison of ultrahigh- and standard-resolution optical coherence tomography for imaging macular hole pathology and repair," Ophthalmology 111,2033-2043 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P.J. Rosenfeld, R.M. Rich, and G.A. Lalwani, "Ranibizumab: Phase III Clinical Trial Results," Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 19,361-72 (2006). [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.A. Puliafito, C. Wong, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, B. Rutledge, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Quantitative assessment of macular edema with optical coherence tomography," Archives of Ophthalmology 113,1019-1029 (1995). [PubMed]
- U. Schmidt-Erfurth, R.A. Leitgeb, S. Michels, B. Povazay, S. Sacu, B. Hermann, C. Ahlers, H. Sattmann, C. Scholda, A.F. Fercher, and W. Drexler, "Three-dimensional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of macular diseases," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46,3393-3402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Scholda, M. Wirtitsch, B. Hermann, A. Unterhuber, E. Ergun, H. Sattmann, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, A.F. Fercher, M. Stur, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and W. Drexler, "Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography of macular holes," Retina 26,1034-1041 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M.G. Wirtitsch, E. Ergun, B. Hermann, A. Unterhuber, M. Stur, C. Scholda, H. Sattmann, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, and W. Drexler, "Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography in macular dystrophy," American Journal of Ophthalmology 140,976-983 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Ergun, B. Hermann, M. Wirtitsch, A. Unterhuber, T.H. Ko, H. Sattmann, C. Scholda, J.G. Fujimoto, M. Stur, and W. Drexler, "Assessment of central visual function in Stargardt's disease/fundus flavimaculatus with ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46,310-316 (2005). [CrossRef]
- U. Schmidt-Erfurth, R.A. Leitgeb, S. Michels, B. Povazay, S. Sacu, B. Hermann, C. Ahlers, H. Sattmann, C. Scholda, A.F. Fercher, and W. Drexler, "Three-dimensional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of macular diseases," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46,3393-3402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E.M. Anger, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, H. Sattmann, C. Schubert, J.E. Morgan, A. Cowey, P.K. Ahnelt, and W. Drexler, "Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography of the monkey fovea. Identification of retinal sublayers by correlation with semithin histology sections," Experimental Eye Research 78,1117-25 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gloesmann, B. Hermann, C. Schubert, H. Sattmann, P.K. Ahnelt, and W. Drexler, "Histologic correlation of pig retina radial stratification with ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 44,1696-703 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Drexler, H. Sattmann, B. Hermann, T.H. Ko, M. Stur, A. Unterhuber, C. Scholda, O. Findl, M. Wirtitsch, J.G. Fujimoto, and A.F. Fercher, "Enhanced visualization of macular pathology with the use of ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Archives of Ophthalmology 121,695-706 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Scholda, M. Wirtitsch, B. Hermann, A. Unterhuber, E. Ergun, H. Sattmann, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, A.F. Fercher, M. Stur, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and W. Drexler, "Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography of macular holes," Retina 26,1034-1041 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Schmidt-Erfurth, R.A. Leitgeb, S. Michels, B. Povazay, S. Sacu, B. Hermann, C. Ahlers, H. Sattmann, C. Scholda, A.F. Fercher, and W. Drexler, "Three-dimensional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of macular diseases," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46,3393-3402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Scholda, M. Wirtitsch, B. Hermann, A. Unterhuber, E. Ergun, H. Sattmann, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, A.F. Fercher, M. Stur, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and W. Drexler, "Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography of macular holes," Retina 26,1034-1041 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M.G. Wirtitsch, E. Ergun, B. Hermann, A. Unterhuber, M. Stur, C. Scholda, H. Sattmann, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, and W. Drexler, "Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography in macular dystrophy," American Journal of Ophthalmology 140,976-983 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Ergun, B. Hermann, M. Wirtitsch, A. Unterhuber, T.H. Ko, H. Sattmann, C. Scholda, J.G. Fujimoto, M. Stur, and W. Drexler, "Assessment of central visual function in Stargardt's disease/fundus flavimaculatus with ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46,310-316 (2005). [CrossRef]
- U. Schmidt-Erfurth, R.A. Leitgeb, S. Michels, B. Povazay, S. Sacu, B. Hermann, C. Ahlers, H. Sattmann, C. Scholda, A.F. Fercher, and W. Drexler, "Three-dimensional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of macular diseases," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46,3393-3402 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Drexler, H. Sattmann, B. Hermann, T.H. Ko, M. Stur, A. Unterhuber, C. Scholda, O. Findl, M. Wirtitsch, J.G. Fujimoto, and A.F. Fercher, "Enhanced visualization of macular pathology with the use of ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Archives of Ophthalmology 121,695-706 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E.M. Anger, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, H. Sattmann, C. Schubert, J.E. Morgan, A. Cowey, P.K. Ahnelt, and W. Drexler, "Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography of the monkey fovea. Identification of retinal sublayers by correlation with semithin histology sections," Experimental Eye Research 78,1117-25 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Gloesmann, B. Hermann, C. Schubert, H. Sattmann, P.K. Ahnelt, and W. Drexler, "Histologic correlation of pig retina radial stratification with ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 44,1696-703 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V.J. Srinivasan, D.C. Adler, Y. Chen, I. Gorczynska, R. Huber, J.S. Duker, J.S. Schuman, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography for three-dimensional and en face imaging of the retina and optic nerve head," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 49,5103-5110 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V.J. Srinivasan, B.K. Monson, M. Wojtkowski, R.A. Bilonick, I. Gorczynska, R. Chen, J.S. Duker, J.S. Schuman, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Characterization of outer retinal morphology with high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 49,1571-1579 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V.J. Srinivasan, M. Wojtkowski, A.J. Witkin, J.S. Duker, T.H. Ko, M. Carvalho, J.S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J.G. Fujimoto, "High-definition and 3-dimensional imaging of macular pathologies with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology., 113,2054-2065 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A.J. Witkin, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, A. Chan, W. Drexler, J.S. Schuman, E. Reichel, and J.S. Duker, "Ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography assessment of photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa and related diseases," American Journal of Ophthalmology 142,945-952 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T.H. Ko, A.J. Witkin, J.G. Fujimoto, A. Chan, A.H. Rogers, C.R. Baumal, J.S. Schuman, W. Drexler, E. Reichel, and J.S. Duker, "Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of surgically closed macular holes," Arch. Ophthalmol. 124,827-836 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.A. Paunescu, T.H. Ko, J.S. Duker, A. Chan, W. Drexler, J.S. Schuman, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Idiopathic juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasis: new findings by ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 113,48-57 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J.G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J.S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J.S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112,1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, J.S. Duker, L.A. Paunescu, W. Drexler, C.R. Baumal, C.A. Puliafito, E. Reichel, A.H. Rogers, and J.S. Schuman, "Comparison of ultrahigh- and standard-resolution optical coherence tomography for imaging macular hole pathology and repair," Ophthalmology 111,2033-2043 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Drexler, U. Morgner, R.K. Ghanta, F.X. Kärtner, J.S. Schuman, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Ultrahigh-resolution ophthalmic optical coherence tomography," Nature Medicine 7,502-507 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.A. Puliafito, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, J.G. Coker, J.R. Wilkins, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Topography of diabetic macular edema with optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 105,360-370 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.R. Baumal, C.A. Puliafito, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, J.R. Wilkins, J.G. Coker, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography of age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization," Ophthalmology 103,1260-1270 (1996). [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.A. Puliafito, C. Wong, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography of macular holes," Ophthalmology 102,748-756 (1995). [PubMed]
- J.S. Schuman, M.R. Hee, A.V. Arya, T. Pedut-Kloizman, C.A. Puliafito, J.G. Fujimoto, and E.A. Swanson, "Optical coherence tomography: a new tool for glaucoma diagnosis," Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 6,89-95 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M.R. Hee, C.A. Puliafito, C. Wong, J.S. Duker, E. Reichel, B. Rutledge, J.S. Schuman, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Quantitative assessment of macular edema with optical coherence tomography," Archives of Ophthalmology 113,1019-1029 (1995). [PubMed]
- C.A. Puliafito, M.R. Hee, C.P. Lin, E. Reichel, J.S. Schuman, J.S. Duker, J.A. Izatt, E.A. Swanson, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Imaging of macular diseases with optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 102,217-229 (1995). [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E.A. Swanson, C.P. Lin, J.S. Schuman, W.G. Stinson, W. Chang, M.R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C.A. Puliafito, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Optical Coherence Tomography," Science 254,1178-1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q1. M. Szkulmowski, M. Wojtkowski, B. Sikorski, T. Bajraszewski, V.J. Srinivasan, A. Szkulmowska, J.J. Kaluzny, J.G. Fujimoto, and A. Kowalczyk, "Analysis of posterior retinal layers in spectral optical coherence tomography images of the normal retina and retinal pathologies," J. Biomed. Opt. 12, (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Wojtkowski, V. Srinivasan, J.G. Fujimoto, T. Ko, J.S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J.S. Duker, "Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology 112,1734-1746 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V.J. Srinivasan, D.C. Adler, Y. Chen, I. Gorczynska, R. Huber, J.S. Duker, J.S. Schuman, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography for three-dimensional and en face imaging of the retina and optic nerve head," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 49,5103-5110 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Potsaid, I. Gorczynska, V.J. Srinivasan, Y. Chen, J. Jiang, A. Cable, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Ultrahigh speed spectral / Fourier domain OCT ophthalmic imaging at 70,000 to 312,500 axial scans per second," Opt Express 16,15149-15169 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V.J. Srinivasan, B.K. Monson, M. Wojtkowski, R.A. Bilonick, I. Gorczynska, R. Chen, J.S. Duker, J.S. Schuman, and J.G. Fujimoto, "Characterization of outer retinal morphology with high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 49,1571-1579 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q1. M. Szkulmowski, M. Wojtkowski, B. Sikorski, T. Bajraszewski, V.J. Srinivasan, A. Szkulmowska, J.J. Kaluzny, J.G. Fujimoto, and A. Kowalczyk, "Analysis of posterior retinal layers in spectral optical coherence tomography images of the normal retina and retinal pathologies," J. Biomed. Opt. 12, (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V.J. Srinivasan, M. Wojtkowski, A.J. Witkin, J.S. Duker, T.H. Ko, M. Carvalho, J.S. Schuman, A. Kowalczyk, and J.G. Fujimoto, "High-definition and 3-dimensional imaging of macular pathologies with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Ophthalmology., 113,2054-2065 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Wojtkowski, V.J. Srinivasan, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, A. Kowalczyk, and J.S. Duker, "Ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed, Fourier domain optical coherence tomography and methods for dispersion compensation," Optics Express 12,2404-2422 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- Q1. M. Szkulmowski, M. Wojtkowski, B. Sikorski, T. Bajraszewski, V.J. Srinivasan, A. Szkulmowska, J.J. Kaluzny, J.G. Fujimoto, and A. Kowalczyk, "Analysis of posterior retinal layers in spectral optical coherence tomography images of the normal retina and retinal pathologies," J. Biomed. Opt. 12, (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q1. M. Szkulmowski, M. Wojtkowski, B. Sikorski, T. Bajraszewski, V.J. Srinivasan, A. Szkulmowska, J.J. Kaluzny, J.G. Fujimoto, and A. Kowalczyk, "Analysis of posterior retinal layers in spectral optical coherence tomography images of the normal retina and retinal pathologies," J. Biomed. Opt. 12, (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N.A. Nassif, B. Cense, B.H. Park, M.C. Pierce, S.H. Yun, B.E. Bouma, G.J. Tearney, T.C. Chen, and J.F. de Boer, "In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve," Opt. Express 12,367-376 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M.G. Wirtitsch, E. Ergun, B. Hermann, A. Unterhuber, M. Stur, C. Scholda, H. Sattmann, T.H. Ko, J.G. Fujimoto, and W. Drexler, "Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography in macular dystrophy," American Journal of Ophthalmology 140,976-983 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Archives of Ophthalmology
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Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
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Experimental Eye Research
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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
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J Biomed Opt.
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J. Biomed. Opt.
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Nature Medicine
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Opt Express
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Opt. Express
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