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Metastable Magnesium fluorescence spectroscopy using a frequency-stabilized 517 nm laser
Ming He, Brian B. Jensen, Kasper T. Therkildsen, Anders Brusch, and Jan W. Thomsen »View Author Affiliations
Ming He,
Brian B. Jensen,
Kasper T. Therkildsen,
Anders Brusch,
and Jan W. Thomsen*
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen,
*Corresponding author: jwt@fys.ku.dk
Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 9, pp. 7682-7687 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.007682
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Abstract
We present a laser operating at 517 nm for our Magnesium laser-cooling and atomic clock project. A two-stage Yb-doped fiber amplifier (YDFA) system generates more than 1.5 W of 1034 nm light when seeded with a 15 mW diode laser. Using a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide, we obtained more than 40 mW of 517 nm output power by single pass frequency doubling. In addition, fluorescence spectroscopy of metastable magnesium atoms could be used to stabilize the 517 nm laser to an absolute frequency within 1 MHz.
© 2009 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(020.7010) Atomic and molecular physics : Laser trapping
(140.3510) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, fiber
(190.2620) Nonlinear optics : Harmonic generation and mixing
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: February 26, 2009
Revised Manuscript: April 17, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: April 19, 2009
Published: April 24, 2009
Citation
Ming He, Brian B. Jensen, Kasper T. Therkildsen, Anders Brusch, and Jan W. Thomsen, "Metastable Magnesium fluorescence spectroscopy using a frequency-stabilized 517 nm laser," Opt. Express 17, 7682-7687 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-9-7682
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References
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- W. Y. Cheng, J. T. Shy, T. Lin, and C. C. Chou, "Molecular Iodine spectra and laser stabilization by frequency-doubled 1534nm diode laser," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 3055-3058 (2005). [CrossRef]
- W. Y. Cheng, J. T. Shy, T. Lin, and C. C. Chou, "Molecular Iodine spectra and laser stabilization by frequency-doubled 1534nm diode laser," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 3055-3058 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
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- D. Ludlow, T. Zelevinsky, G. K. Campbell, S. Blatt, M. M. Boyd, M. H. G. de Miranda, M. J. Martin, J. W. Thomsen, S. M. Foreman, Jun Ye, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, Y. Le Coq, Z. W. Barber, N. Poli, N. D. Lemke, K. M. Beck, and C. W. Oates, "Sr lattice clock at 1×10?16 fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock," Science 319, 1805-1808 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, G. Wilpers, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, T. Nazarova, P. Pottie, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and Fritz Riehle, "Calcium optical frequency standard with ultracold atoms: Approaching 10-15 relative uncertainty," Phys. Rev. A 72, 062111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- U. Sterr, C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, H. Schnatz, J. Helmcke, F. Riehle, G. Wilpers, Ch. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "The optical calcium frequency standards of PTB and NIST," C. R. Physique 5, 845-855 (2004). [CrossRef]
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. P. Heavner, S. R. Jefferts, E. A. Donley, J. H. Shirley, and T. E. Parker, "NIST-F1: recent improvements and accuracy evaluations," Metrologia 42, 411-422 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. Ludlow, T. Zelevinsky, G. K. Campbell, S. Blatt, M. M. Boyd, M. H. G. de Miranda, M. J. Martin, J. W. Thomsen, S. M. Foreman, Jun Ye, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, Y. Le Coq, Z. W. Barber, N. Poli, N. D. Lemke, K. M. Beck, and C. W. Oates, "Sr lattice clock at 1×10?16 fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock," Science 319, 1805-1808 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. M. Boyd, A. D. Ludlow, S. Blatt, S. M. Foreman, T. Ido, T. Zelevinsky, and J. Ye, "87Sr lattice clock with inaccuracy below 10-15," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 083002 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. L. Targat, X. Baillard, M. Fouche, A. Brusch, O. Tcherbakoff, G. D. Rovera, and P. Lemonde, "Accurate optical lattice clock with 87Sr atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130801 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Giusfredi, A. Godone, E. Bava, and C. Novero, "Metastable atoms in a Mg beam: Excitation dynamics and velocity distribution," J. Appl. Phys. 63, 1279-1285 (1988). [CrossRef]
- C. Novera and A. Godone, "Wavelength and Isotopic shift measurements of the 3S (3s4s) - 3P (3s3p) MgI transitions," Z. Phys. D 17, 33-35 (1990). [CrossRef]
- G. Giusfredi, A. Godone, E. Bava, and C. Novero, "Metastable atoms in a Mg beam: Excitation dynamics and velocity distribution," J. Appl. Phys. 63, 1279-1285 (1988). [CrossRef]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- L. Hallstadius and J. E. Hansen, "Experimental Determination of Isotope Shifts in MgI," Z. Phys. A 285, 365-370 (1978). [CrossRef]
- H. M. Pask, R. J. Carman, D. C. Hanna, A. C. Tropper, C. J. Mackechinie, P. R. Barber, and J. M. Dawes, "Ytterbium-doped silica fiber lasers: Versatile sources for the 1-1.2µm region," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 1, 2-12 (1995). [CrossRef]
- L. Hallstadius and J. E. Hansen, "Experimental Determination of Isotope Shifts in MgI," Z. Phys. A 285, 365-370 (1978). [CrossRef]
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. P. Heavner, S. R. Jefferts, E. A. Donley, J. H. Shirley, and T. E. Parker, "NIST-F1: recent improvements and accuracy evaluations," Metrologia 42, 411-422 (2005). [CrossRef]
- C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, G. Wilpers, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, T. Nazarova, P. Pottie, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and Fritz Riehle, "Calcium optical frequency standard with ultracold atoms: Approaching 10-15 relative uncertainty," Phys. Rev. A 72, 062111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- U. Sterr, C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, H. Schnatz, J. Helmcke, F. Riehle, G. Wilpers, Ch. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "The optical calcium frequency standards of PTB and NIST," C. R. Physique 5, 845-855 (2004). [CrossRef]
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. W. Barber, C. W. Hoyt, C. W. Oates, L. Hollberg, A. V. Taichenache, and V. I. Yudin, "Direct excitation of the forbidden clock transition in neutral 174Yb atoms confined to an optical lattice," Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 083002 (2006) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Wilpers, C. W. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "Improved uncertainty budget for optical frequency measurements with microkelvin neutral atoms: Results for a high-stability 40Ca optical frequency standard," Appl. Phys. B 85, 31-44 (2006). [CrossRef]
- U. Sterr, C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, H. Schnatz, J. Helmcke, F. Riehle, G. Wilpers, Ch. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "The optical calcium frequency standards of PTB and NIST," C. R. Physique 5, 845-855 (2004). [CrossRef]
- Z. W. Barber, C. W. Hoyt, C. W. Oates, L. Hollberg, A. V. Taichenache, and V. I. Yudin, "Direct excitation of the forbidden clock transition in neutral 174Yb atoms confined to an optical lattice," Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 083002 (2006) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. M. Boyd, A. D. Ludlow, S. Blatt, S. M. Foreman, T. Ido, T. Zelevinsky, and J. Ye, "87Sr lattice clock with inaccuracy below 10-15," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 083002 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. P. Heavner, S. R. Jefferts, E. A. Donley, J. H. Shirley, and T. E. Parker, "NIST-F1: recent improvements and accuracy evaluations," Metrologia 42, 411-422 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. Ludlow, T. Zelevinsky, G. K. Campbell, S. Blatt, M. M. Boyd, M. H. G. de Miranda, M. J. Martin, J. W. Thomsen, S. M. Foreman, Jun Ye, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, Y. Le Coq, Z. W. Barber, N. Poli, N. D. Lemke, K. M. Beck, and C. W. Oates, "Sr lattice clock at 1×10?16 fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock," Science 319, 1805-1808 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Takamoto and H. Katori, "Spectroscopy of the 1S0-3P0 clock transition of 87Sr in an optical lattice," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 223001 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. L. Targat, X. Baillard, M. Fouche, A. Brusch, O. Tcherbakoff, G. D. Rovera, and P. Lemonde, "Accurate optical lattice clock with 87Sr atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130801 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. C. Chui, S. Y. Shaw, M. S. Ko, Y. W. Liu, J. T. Shy, T. Lin, W. Y. Cheng, R. V. Roussev, and M. M. Fejer, "Iodine stabilization of a diode laser in the optical communication band," Opt. Lett. 30, 646-648 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Y. Cheng, J. T. Shy, T. Lin, and C. C. Chou, "Molecular Iodine spectra and laser stabilization by frequency-doubled 1534nm diode laser," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 3055-3058 (2005). [CrossRef]
- C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, G. Wilpers, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, T. Nazarova, P. Pottie, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and Fritz Riehle, "Calcium optical frequency standard with ultracold atoms: Approaching 10-15 relative uncertainty," Phys. Rev. A 72, 062111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, G. Wilpers, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, T. Nazarova, P. Pottie, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and Fritz Riehle, "Calcium optical frequency standard with ultracold atoms: Approaching 10-15 relative uncertainty," Phys. Rev. A 72, 062111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- U. Sterr, C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, H. Schnatz, J. Helmcke, F. Riehle, G. Wilpers, Ch. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "The optical calcium frequency standards of PTB and NIST," C. R. Physique 5, 845-855 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. M. Boyd, A. D. Ludlow, S. Blatt, S. M. Foreman, T. Ido, T. Zelevinsky, and J. Ye, "87Sr lattice clock with inaccuracy below 10-15," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 083002 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Ludlow, T. Zelevinsky, G. K. Campbell, S. Blatt, M. M. Boyd, M. H. G. de Miranda, M. J. Martin, J. W. Thomsen, S. M. Foreman, Jun Ye, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, Y. Le Coq, Z. W. Barber, N. Poli, N. D. Lemke, K. M. Beck, and C. W. Oates, "Sr lattice clock at 1×10?16 fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock," Science 319, 1805-1808 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H. M. Pask, R. J. Carman, D. C. Hanna, A. C. Tropper, C. J. Mackechinie, P. R. Barber, and J. M. Dawes, "Ytterbium-doped silica fiber lasers: Versatile sources for the 1-1.2µm region," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 1, 2-12 (1995). [CrossRef]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. Ludlow, T. Zelevinsky, G. K. Campbell, S. Blatt, M. M. Boyd, M. H. G. de Miranda, M. J. Martin, J. W. Thomsen, S. M. Foreman, Jun Ye, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, Y. Le Coq, Z. W. Barber, N. Poli, N. D. Lemke, K. M. Beck, and C. W. Oates, "Sr lattice clock at 1×10?16 fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock," Science 319, 1805-1808 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, G. Wilpers, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, T. Nazarova, P. Pottie, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and Fritz Riehle, "Calcium optical frequency standard with ultracold atoms: Approaching 10-15 relative uncertainty," Phys. Rev. A 72, 062111 (2005). [CrossRef]
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- G. Giusfredi, A. Godone, E. Bava, and C. Novero, "Metastable atoms in a Mg beam: Excitation dynamics and velocity distribution," J. Appl. Phys. 63, 1279-1285 (1988). [CrossRef]
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. W. Barber, C. W. Hoyt, C. W. Oates, L. Hollberg, A. V. Taichenache, and V. I. Yudin, "Direct excitation of the forbidden clock transition in neutral 174Yb atoms confined to an optical lattice," Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 083002 (2006) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Wilpers, C. W. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "Improved uncertainty budget for optical frequency measurements with microkelvin neutral atoms: Results for a high-stability 40Ca optical frequency standard," Appl. Phys. B 85, 31-44 (2006). [CrossRef]
- U. Sterr, C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, H. Schnatz, J. Helmcke, F. Riehle, G. Wilpers, Ch. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "The optical calcium frequency standards of PTB and NIST," C. R. Physique 5, 845-855 (2004). [CrossRef]
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. P. Heavner, S. R. Jefferts, E. A. Donley, J. H. Shirley, and T. E. Parker, "NIST-F1: recent improvements and accuracy evaluations," Metrologia 42, 411-422 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. M. Pask, R. J. Carman, D. C. Hanna, A. C. Tropper, C. J. Mackechinie, P. R. Barber, and J. M. Dawes, "Ytterbium-doped silica fiber lasers: Versatile sources for the 1-1.2µm region," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 1, 2-12 (1995). [CrossRef]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, G. Wilpers, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, T. Nazarova, P. Pottie, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and Fritz Riehle, "Calcium optical frequency standard with ultracold atoms: Approaching 10-15 relative uncertainty," Phys. Rev. A 72, 062111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- U. Sterr, C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, H. Schnatz, J. Helmcke, F. Riehle, G. Wilpers, Ch. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "The optical calcium frequency standards of PTB and NIST," C. R. Physique 5, 845-855 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. L. Targat, X. Baillard, M. Fouche, A. Brusch, O. Tcherbakoff, G. D. Rovera, and P. Lemonde, "Accurate optical lattice clock with 87Sr atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130801 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, G. Wilpers, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, T. Nazarova, P. Pottie, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and Fritz Riehle, "Calcium optical frequency standard with ultracold atoms: Approaching 10-15 relative uncertainty," Phys. Rev. A 72, 062111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- U. Sterr, C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, H. Schnatz, J. Helmcke, F. Riehle, G. Wilpers, Ch. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "The optical calcium frequency standards of PTB and NIST," C. R. Physique 5, 845-855 (2004). [CrossRef]
- T. P. Heavner, S. R. Jefferts, E. A. Donley, J. H. Shirley, and T. E. Parker, "NIST-F1: recent improvements and accuracy evaluations," Metrologia 42, 411-422 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. C. Chui, S. Y. Shaw, M. S. Ko, Y. W. Liu, J. T. Shy, T. Lin, W. Y. Cheng, R. V. Roussev, and M. M. Fejer, "Iodine stabilization of a diode laser in the optical communication band," Opt. Lett. 30, 646-648 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Y. Cheng, J. T. Shy, T. Lin, and C. C. Chou, "Molecular Iodine spectra and laser stabilization by frequency-doubled 1534nm diode laser," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 3055-3058 (2005). [CrossRef]
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, G. Wilpers, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, T. Nazarova, P. Pottie, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and Fritz Riehle, "Calcium optical frequency standard with ultracold atoms: Approaching 10-15 relative uncertainty," Phys. Rev. A 72, 062111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- U. Sterr, C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, H. Schnatz, J. Helmcke, F. Riehle, G. Wilpers, Ch. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "The optical calcium frequency standards of PTB and NIST," C. R. Physique 5, 845-855 (2004). [CrossRef]
- C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, G. Wilpers, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, T. Nazarova, P. Pottie, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and Fritz Riehle, "Calcium optical frequency standard with ultracold atoms: Approaching 10-15 relative uncertainty," Phys. Rev. A 72, 062111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- U. Sterr, C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, H. Schnatz, J. Helmcke, F. Riehle, G. Wilpers, Ch. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "The optical calcium frequency standards of PTB and NIST," C. R. Physique 5, 845-855 (2004). [CrossRef]
- Z. W. Barber, C. W. Hoyt, C. W. Oates, L. Hollberg, A. V. Taichenache, and V. I. Yudin, "Direct excitation of the forbidden clock transition in neutral 174Yb atoms confined to an optical lattice," Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 083002 (2006) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Takamoto and H. Katori, "Spectroscopy of the 1S0-3P0 clock transition of 87Sr in an optical lattice," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 223001 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. L. Targat, X. Baillard, M. Fouche, A. Brusch, O. Tcherbakoff, G. D. Rovera, and P. Lemonde, "Accurate optical lattice clock with 87Sr atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130801 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. L. Targat, X. Baillard, M. Fouche, A. Brusch, O. Tcherbakoff, G. D. Rovera, and P. Lemonde, "Accurate optical lattice clock with 87Sr atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130801 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Ludlow, T. Zelevinsky, G. K. Campbell, S. Blatt, M. M. Boyd, M. H. G. de Miranda, M. J. Martin, J. W. Thomsen, S. M. Foreman, Jun Ye, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, Y. Le Coq, Z. W. Barber, N. Poli, N. D. Lemke, K. M. Beck, and C. W. Oates, "Sr lattice clock at 1×10?16 fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock," Science 319, 1805-1808 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. M. Pask, R. J. Carman, D. C. Hanna, A. C. Tropper, C. J. Mackechinie, P. R. Barber, and J. M. Dawes, "Ytterbium-doped silica fiber lasers: Versatile sources for the 1-1.2µm region," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 1, 2-12 (1995). [CrossRef]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. Wilpers, C. W. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "Improved uncertainty budget for optical frequency measurements with microkelvin neutral atoms: Results for a high-stability 40Ca optical frequency standard," Appl. Phys. B 85, 31-44 (2006). [CrossRef]
- C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, G. Wilpers, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, T. Nazarova, P. Pottie, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and Fritz Riehle, "Calcium optical frequency standard with ultracold atoms: Approaching 10-15 relative uncertainty," Phys. Rev. A 72, 062111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- U. Sterr, C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, H. Schnatz, J. Helmcke, F. Riehle, G. Wilpers, Ch. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "The optical calcium frequency standards of PTB and NIST," C. R. Physique 5, 845-855 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. M. Boyd, A. D. Ludlow, S. Blatt, S. M. Foreman, T. Ido, T. Zelevinsky, and J. Ye, "87Sr lattice clock with inaccuracy below 10-15," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 083002 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. W. Barber, C. W. Hoyt, C. W. Oates, L. Hollberg, A. V. Taichenache, and V. I. Yudin, "Direct excitation of the forbidden clock transition in neutral 174Yb atoms confined to an optical lattice," Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 083002 (2006) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Ludlow, T. Zelevinsky, G. K. Campbell, S. Blatt, M. M. Boyd, M. H. G. de Miranda, M. J. Martin, J. W. Thomsen, S. M. Foreman, Jun Ye, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, Y. Le Coq, Z. W. Barber, N. Poli, N. D. Lemke, K. M. Beck, and C. W. Oates, "Sr lattice clock at 1×10?16 fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock," Science 319, 1805-1808 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. M. Boyd, A. D. Ludlow, S. Blatt, S. M. Foreman, T. Ido, T. Zelevinsky, and J. Ye, "87Sr lattice clock with inaccuracy below 10-15," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 083002 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. B
- G. Wilpers, C. W. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "Improved uncertainty budget for optical frequency measurements with microkelvin neutral atoms: Results for a high-stability 40Ca optical frequency standard," Appl. Phys. B 85, 31-44 (2006). [CrossRef]
C. R. Physique
- U. Sterr, C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, H. Schnatz, J. Helmcke, F. Riehle, G. Wilpers, Ch. Oates, and L. Hollberg, "The optical calcium frequency standards of PTB and NIST," C. R. Physique 5, 845-855 (2004). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- H. M. Pask, R. J. Carman, D. C. Hanna, A. C. Tropper, C. J. Mackechinie, P. R. Barber, and J. M. Dawes, "Ytterbium-doped silica fiber lasers: Versatile sources for the 1-1.2µm region," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 1, 2-12 (1995). [CrossRef]
J. Appl. Phys.
- G. Giusfredi, A. Godone, E. Bava, and C. Novero, "Metastable atoms in a Mg beam: Excitation dynamics and velocity distribution," J. Appl. Phys. 63, 1279-1285 (1988). [CrossRef]
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
- W. Y. Cheng, J. T. Shy, T. Lin, and C. C. Chou, "Molecular Iodine spectra and laser stabilization by frequency-doubled 1534nm diode laser," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 3055-3058 (2005). [CrossRef]
Metrologia
- T. P. Heavner, S. R. Jefferts, E. A. Donley, J. H. Shirley, and T. E. Parker, "NIST-F1: recent improvements and accuracy evaluations," Metrologia 42, 411-422 (2005). [CrossRef]
Mol. Opt. Phys.
- S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti, J. Grünert, C. Vian, F. Pereira dos Santos, P. Rosenbusch, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, A. Luiten, M. Tobar, and C. Salomon, "Cold atom clocks and applications," J. Phys. B: Atomic, Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). [CrossRef]
Opt. Lett.
- H. C. Chui, S. Y. Shaw, M. S. Ko, Y. W. Liu, J. T. Shy, T. Lin, W. Y. Cheng, R. V. Roussev, and M. M. Fejer, "Iodine stabilization of a diode laser in the optical communication band," Opt. Lett. 30, 646-648 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. A
- N. Poli, Z. W. Barber, N. D. Lemke, C. W. Oates, L. S. Ma, J. E. Stalnaker, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, A. Brusch, S. Jefferts, T. Heavner, and T. Parker, "Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden 1S0 -3P0 transition in bosonic 174Yb," Phys. Rev. A 77, 050501 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, Ch. Lisdat, G. Wilpers, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, T. Nazarova, P. Pottie, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and Fritz Riehle, "Calcium optical frequency standard with ultracold atoms: Approaching 10-15 relative uncertainty," Phys. Rev. A 72, 062111 (2005). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- R. L. Targat, X. Baillard, M. Fouche, A. Brusch, O. Tcherbakoff, G. D. Rovera, and P. Lemonde, "Accurate optical lattice clock with 87Sr atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130801 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. M. Boyd, A. D. Ludlow, S. Blatt, S. M. Foreman, T. Ido, T. Zelevinsky, and J. Ye, "87Sr lattice clock with inaccuracy below 10-15," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 083002 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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