© 2010 OSA

1. P. Benitez, and J. C. Miñano, “Concentrator Optics for the next generation photovoltaics”. Chap. 13 of A. Marti & A. Luque. Next Generation Photovoltaics: High Efficiency through Full Spectrum Utilization, (Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, London, 2004).
2. A. Braun, B. Hirsch, E. A. Katz, J. M. Gordon, W. Guter, and A. W. Bett, “Localized radiation effects on tunnel diode transitions in multi-junction concentrator solar cells,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93(9), 1692–1695 (2009). [CrossRef]
3. S. Kurtz, and M. J. O’Neill, “Estimating and controlling chromatic aberration losses for two-junction, two-terminal devices in refractive concentrator systems”, 25th PVSC; pp.361–367, (1996).
4. W. Cassarly, “Nonimaging Optics: Concentration and Illumination”, in the Handbook of Optics, 2nd ed., pp. 2.23–2.42, (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001)
5. P. Benı́tez, J. C. Miñano, J. Blen, R. Mohedano, J. Chaves, O. Dross, M. Hernández, and W. Falicoff, “Simultaneous multiple surface optical design method in three dimensions,” Opt. Eng. 43(7), 1489–1502 (2004). [CrossRef]
6. J. C. Miñano, M. Hernandez, P. Benítez, J. Blen, O. Dross, R. Mohedano, and A. Santamaría, “Free-form integrator array optics”, in Nonimaging Optics and Efficient Illumination Systems II, SPIE Proc., R. Winston & T.J. Koshel ed. Vol. 5942–12, (2005).
7. US and International patents pending by LPI, LLC, 2400 Lincoln Avenue, Altadena, CA 91001 USA http://www.lpi-llc.com/ .
8. R. Leutz, and A. Suzuki, Nonimaging Fresnel Lenses, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001).
9. R. Winston, J. C. Miñano, and P. Benítez, with contributions by N. Shatz and J. C. Bortz, “Nonimaging Optics”, (Elsevier-Academic Press, New York, 2005).
10. http://www.concentrix-solar.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Download/Technical_Data_Sheets_Q3-2009.pdf .
11. G. Peharz, J. Jaus, P. Nitz, T. Schmidt, T. Schult, and A. W. Bett, “Development of refractive secondary optics for flatcon® modules”, 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 1DV.3.34, (2008). Note that in this reference Cg is defined using a circular active area instead of square, so the geometrical concentration 385x in it corresponds to 302x here.
12. L. W. James, Contractor Report SAND89–7029, (1989).
13. D. Anderson, B. Bailor, D. Carroll, E. Schmidt, P. Tyjewski, M. Uroshevich, “Alpha Solarco’s Photovoltaic Development Concentrator Program”, Contractor report SAND95–1557, (1995).
14. The same BK7 glass has been considered for all the SOE’s under comparison. Though BK7 can be molded (see for instance, http://www.rpoptics.com/index.php?page=rpo-moldable-glass-data ) is more common the use of, for instance, B270. The light absorption in B270 is slightly higher than in BK7, which causes that if the comparison is done using B270, the efficient of the RTP (whose optical path is longer) is penalized the most.
15. http://www.amonix.com/technology/index.html .
16. http://www.guascorfoton.com/home_en.php .
17. See, for instance: www.sol3g.com , http://www.solfocus.com/ , and K. Araki et al., “Development of a new 550X concentrator module with 3J cells-Performance and. Reliability-”, Proc. 31st IEEE PVSC, (2005).
18. P. Zamora, A. Cvetkovic, M. Buljan, M. Hernández, P. Benítez, J.C. Miñano, O. Dross, R. Alvarez, A. Santamaría, “Advanced PV Concentrators”, 34th IEEE PVSC, (2009).
19. M. Victoria, C. Domínguez, I. Antón, G. Sala, “Comparative analysis of different secondary optical elements for aspheric primary lenses,” Opt. Express 17, 6487–6492 (2009). The design with highest CAP* in this reference has a rotationally-symmetric CPC-type TIR-based secondary. It achieved CAP* = 0.54 for a square aperture and square cell (for which the FK has a higher value of CAP* = 0.57–0.61). Moreover, it produces a poor irradiance uniformity. It also has the encapsulation problems discussed in Section 5.

Opt. Eng.

• P. Benı́tez, J. C. Miñano, J. Blen, R. Mohedano, J. Chaves, O. Dross, M. Hernández, and W. Falicoff, “Simultaneous multiple surface optical design method in three dimensions,” Opt. Eng. 43(7), 1489–1502 (2004). [CrossRef]

Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells

• A. Braun, B. Hirsch, E. A. Katz, J. M. Gordon, W. Guter, and A. W. Bett, “Localized radiation effects on tunnel diode transitions in multi-junction concentrator solar cells,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93(9), 1692–1695 (2009). [CrossRef]

Other

• S. Kurtz, and M. J. O’Neill, “Estimating and controlling chromatic aberration losses for two-junction, two-terminal devices in refractive concentrator systems”, 25th PVSC; pp.361–367, (1996).
• W. Cassarly, “Nonimaging Optics: Concentration and Illumination”, in the Handbook of Optics, 2nd ed., pp. 2.23–2.42, (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001)
• P. Benitez, and J. C. Miñano, “Concentrator Optics for the next generation photovoltaics”. Chap. 13 of A. Marti & A. Luque. Next Generation Photovoltaics: High Efficiency through Full Spectrum Utilization, (Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, London, 2004).
• J. C. Miñano, M. Hernandez, P. Benítez, J. Blen, O. Dross, R. Mohedano, and A. Santamaría, “Free-form integrator array optics”, in Nonimaging Optics and Efficient Illumination Systems II, SPIE Proc., R. Winston & T.J. Koshel ed. Vol. 5942–12, (2005).
• US and International patents pending by LPI, LLC, 2400 Lincoln Avenue, Altadena, CA 91001 USA http://www.lpi-llc.com/ .
• R. Leutz, and A. Suzuki, Nonimaging Fresnel Lenses, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001).
• R. Winston, J. C. Miñano, and P. Benítez, with contributions by N. Shatz and J. C. Bortz, “Nonimaging Optics”, (Elsevier-Academic Press, New York, 2005).
• http://www.concentrix-solar.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Download/Technical_Data_Sheets_Q3-2009.pdf .
• G. Peharz, J. Jaus, P. Nitz, T. Schmidt, T. Schult, and A. W. Bett, “Development of refractive secondary optics for flatcon® modules”, 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 1DV.3.34, (2008). Note that in this reference Cg is defined using a circular active area instead of square, so the geometrical concentration 385x in it corresponds to 302x here.
• L. W. James, Contractor Report SAND89–7029, (1989).
• D. Anderson, B. Bailor, D. Carroll, E. Schmidt, P. Tyjewski, M. Uroshevich, “Alpha Solarco’s Photovoltaic Development Concentrator Program”, Contractor report SAND95–1557, (1995).
• The same BK7 glass has been considered for all the SOE’s under comparison. Though BK7 can be molded (see for instance, http://www.rpoptics.com/index.php?page=rpo-moldable-glass-data ) is more common the use of, for instance, B270. The light absorption in B270 is slightly higher than in BK7, which causes that if the comparison is done using B270, the efficient of the RTP (whose optical path is longer) is penalized the most.
• http://www.amonix.com/technology/index.html .
• http://www.guascorfoton.com/home_en.php .
• See, for instance: www.sol3g.com , http://www.solfocus.com/ , and K. Araki et al., “Development of a new 550X concentrator module with 3J cells-Performance and. Reliability-”, Proc. 31st IEEE PVSC, (2005).
• P. Zamora, A. Cvetkovic, M. Buljan, M. Hernández, P. Benítez, J.C. Miñano, O. Dross, R. Alvarez, A. Santamaría, “Advanced PV Concentrators”, 34th IEEE PVSC, (2009).
• M. Victoria, C. Domínguez, I. Antón, G. Sala, “Comparative analysis of different secondary optical elements for aspheric primary lenses,” Opt. Express 17, 6487–6492 (2009). The design with highest CAP* in this reference has a rotationally-symmetric CPC-type TIR-based secondary. It achieved CAP* = 0.54 for a square aperture and square cell (for which the FK has a higher value of CAP* = 0.57–0.61). Moreover, it produces a poor irradiance uniformity. It also has the encapsulation problems discussed in Section 5.

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