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Efficient coupling of single photons to single plasmons
M. Celebrano, R. Lettow, P. Kukura, M. Agio, A. Renn, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar »View Author Affiliations
1Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and optETH, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
2Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
*vahid.sandoghdar@ethz.ch
Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 13, pp. 13829-13835 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.013829
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Abstract
We demonstrate strong coupling of single photons emitted by individual molecules at cryogenic and ambient conditions to individual nanoparticles. We provide images obtained both in transmission and reflection, where an efficiency greater than 55% was achieved in converting incident narrow-band photons to plasmon-polaritons (plasmons) of a silver nanoparticle. Our work paves the way to spectroscopy and microscopy of nano-objects with sub-shot noise beams of light and to triggered generation of single plasmons and electrons in a well-controlled manner.
© 2010 OSA
OCIS Codes
(040.5570) Detectors : Quantum detectors
(290.2200) Scattering : Extinction
(100.3175) Image processing : Interferometric imaging
(250.5403) Optoelectronics : Plasmonics
ToC Category:
Quantum Optics
History
Original Manuscript: April 20, 2010
Revised Manuscript: May 29, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: June 7, 2010
Published: June 11, 2010
Citation
M. Celebrano, R. Lettow, P. Kukura, M. Agio, A. Renn, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, "Efficient coupling of single photons to single plasmons," Opt. Express 18, 13829-13835 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-13-13829
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References
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- N. Mojarad, G. Zumofen, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Metal nanoparticles in strongly confined beams: transmission, reflection and absorption,” J. Euro. Opt. Soc. 4, 09014 (2009). [CrossRef]
- G. Zumofen, N. M. Mojarad, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Perfect reflection of light by an oscillating dipole,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 180404 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Ahtee, R. Lettow, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Molecules as sources for indistinguishable single photons,” J. Mod. Opt. 56, 161–166 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Lettow, V. Ahtee, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Realization of two Fourier limited solid-state single-photon sources,” Opt. Express 15, 15842–15847 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- A. V. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. L. Yu, D. E. Chang, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. D. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- N. Treps, U. Andersen, B. Buchler, P. K. Lam, A. Matre, H.-A. Bachor, and C. Fabre, “Surpassing the standard quantum limit for optical imaging using nonclassical multimode light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 203601 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- K. Koyama, M. Yoshita, M. Baba, T. Suemoto, and H. Akiyama, “High collection efficiency in fluorescence microscopy with a solid immersion lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1667–1669 (1999). [CrossRef]
- N. Treps, U. Andersen, B. Buchler, P. K. Lam, A. Matre, H.-A. Bachor, and C. Fabre, “Surpassing the standard quantum limit for optical imaging using nonclassical multimode light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 203601 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. N. Vamivakas, M. Atatüre, J. Dreiser, S. T. Yilmaz, A. Badolato, A. K. Swan, B. B. Goldberg, A. Imamoglu, and M. S. Ünlü, “Strong extinction of a far-field laser beam by a single quantum dot,” Nano Lett. 7, 2892–2896 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Tame, C. Lee, J. Lee, D. Ballester, M. Paternostro, A. Zayats, and M. S. Kim, “Single-photon excitation of surface plasmon polaritons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 190504 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Knight, N. K. Grady, R. Bardhan, F. Hao, P. Nordlander, and N. J. Halas, “Nanoparticle-mediated coupling of light into a nanowire,” Nano Lett. 8, 2346–2350 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. Eschner, C. Raab, F. Schmidt-Kaler, and R. Blatt, “Light interference from single atoms and their mirror images,” Nature 413, 495–498 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Lugiato, A. Gatti, and E. Brambilla, “Quantum imaging,” J. Opt. B 4, S176–S183 (2002).
- N. Treps, U. Andersen, B. Buchler, P. K. Lam, A. Matre, H.-A. Bachor, and C. Fabre, “Surpassing the standard quantum limit for optical imaging using nonclassical multimode light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 203601 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Kukura, M. Celebrano, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Imaging a single quantum dot when it is dark,” Nano Lett. 9, 926–929 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. L. Yu, D. E. Chang, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. D. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. K. Tey, Z. Chen, S. A. Aljunid, B. Chng, F. Huber, G. Maslennikov, and C. Kurtsiefer, “Strong interaction between light and a single trapped atom without a cavity,” Nat. Phys. 4, 924 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Tey, Z. Chen, S. A. Aljunid, B. Chng, F. Huber, G. Maslennikov, and C. Kurtsiefer, “Strong interaction between light and a single trapped atom without a cavity,” Nat. Phys. 4, 924 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Davis, “Interference between resolvable wavelengths with single-photon resolved detection,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1258–1261 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Falk, F. H. L. Koppens, C. Yu, K. Kang, N. P. de Leon Snapp, A. V. Akimov, M.-H. Jo, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, “Near field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single plasmon sources,” Nat. Phys. 5, 475–479 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. W. Heeres, S. N. Dorenbos, B. Koene, G. S. Solomon, L. P. Kouwenhoven, and V. Zwiller, “On-chip single plasmon detection,” Nano Lett. 10, 661–664 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. N. Vamivakas, M. Atatüre, J. Dreiser, S. T. Yilmaz, A. Badolato, A. K. Swan, B. B. Goldberg, A. Imamoglu, and M. S. Ünlü, “Strong extinction of a far-field laser beam by a single quantum dot,” Nano Lett. 7, 2892–2896 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Eschner, C. Raab, F. Schmidt-Kaler, and R. Blatt, “Light interference from single atoms and their mirror images,” Nature 413, 495–498 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Treps, U. Andersen, B. Buchler, P. K. Lam, A. Matre, H.-A. Bachor, and C. Fabre, “Surpassing the standard quantum limit for optical imaging using nonclassical multimode light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 203601 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Falk, F. H. L. Koppens, C. Yu, K. Kang, N. P. de Leon Snapp, A. V. Akimov, M.-H. Jo, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, “Near field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single plasmon sources,” Nat. Phys. 5, 475–479 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Lugiato, A. Gatti, and E. Brambilla, “Quantum imaging,” J. Opt. B 4, S176–S183 (2002).
- G. Wrigge, I. Gerhardt, J. Hwang, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Efficient coupling of photons to a single molecule and the observation of its resonance fluorescence,” Nat. Phys. 4, 60–66 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. Wrigge, J. Hwang, I. Gerhardt, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Exploring the limits of single emitter detection in fluorescence and extinction,” Opt. Express 16, 17358–17365 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Pfab, J. Zimmermann, C. Hettich, I. Gerhardt, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Aligned terrylene molecules in a spin-coated ultrathin crystalline film of p-terphenyl,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 387, 490–495 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. N. Vamivakas, M. Atatüre, J. Dreiser, S. T. Yilmaz, A. Badolato, A. K. Swan, B. B. Goldberg, A. Imamoglu, and M. S. Ünlü, “Strong extinction of a far-field laser beam by a single quantum dot,” Nano Lett. 7, 2892–2896 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Ahtee, R. Lettow, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Molecules as sources for indistinguishable single photons,” J. Mod. Opt. 56, 161–166 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Lettow, V. Ahtee, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Realization of two Fourier limited solid-state single-photon sources,” Opt. Express 15, 15842–15847 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Knight, N. K. Grady, R. Bardhan, F. Hao, P. Nordlander, and N. J. Halas, “Nanoparticle-mediated coupling of light into a nanowire,” Nano Lett. 8, 2346–2350 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. W. Knight, N. K. Grady, R. Bardhan, F. Hao, P. Nordlander, and N. J. Halas, “Nanoparticle-mediated coupling of light into a nanowire,” Nano Lett. 8, 2346–2350 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. W. Knight, N. K. Grady, R. Bardhan, F. Hao, P. Nordlander, and N. J. Halas, “Nanoparticle-mediated coupling of light into a nanowire,” Nano Lett. 8, 2346–2350 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. W. Heeres, S. N. Dorenbos, B. Koene, G. S. Solomon, L. P. Kouwenhoven, and V. Zwiller, “On-chip single plasmon detection,” Nano Lett. 10, 661–664 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. L. Yu, D. E. Chang, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. D. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Pfab, J. Zimmermann, C. Hettich, I. Gerhardt, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Aligned terrylene molecules in a spin-coated ultrathin crystalline film of p-terphenyl,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 387, 490–495 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Tey, Z. Chen, S. A. Aljunid, B. Chng, F. Huber, G. Maslennikov, and C. Kurtsiefer, “Strong interaction between light and a single trapped atom without a cavity,” Nat. Phys. 4, 924 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. Wrigge, I. Gerhardt, J. Hwang, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Efficient coupling of photons to a single molecule and the observation of its resonance fluorescence,” Nat. Phys. 4, 60–66 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. Wrigge, J. Hwang, I. Gerhardt, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Exploring the limits of single emitter detection in fluorescence and extinction,” Opt. Express 16, 17358–17365 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Ahtee, R. Lettow, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Molecules as sources for indistinguishable single photons,” J. Mod. Opt. 56, 161–166 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Lettow, V. Ahtee, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Realization of two Fourier limited solid-state single-photon sources,” Opt. Express 15, 15842–15847 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. N. Vamivakas, M. Atatüre, J. Dreiser, S. T. Yilmaz, A. Badolato, A. K. Swan, B. B. Goldberg, A. Imamoglu, and M. S. Ünlü, “Strong extinction of a far-field laser beam by a single quantum dot,” Nano Lett. 7, 2892–2896 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Falk, F. H. L. Koppens, C. Yu, K. Kang, N. P. de Leon Snapp, A. V. Akimov, M.-H. Jo, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, “Near field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single plasmon sources,” Nat. Phys. 5, 475–479 (2009). [CrossRef]
- K. Lindfors, T. Kalkbrenner, P. Stoller, and V. Sandoghdar, “Detection and spectroscopy of gold nanoparticles using supercontinuum white light confocal microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 037401 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Falk, F. H. L. Koppens, C. Yu, K. Kang, N. P. de Leon Snapp, A. V. Akimov, M.-H. Jo, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, “Near field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single plasmon sources,” Nat. Phys. 5, 475–479 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. S. Tame, C. Lee, J. Lee, D. Ballester, M. Paternostro, A. Zayats, and M. S. Kim, “Single-photon excitation of surface plasmon polaritons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 190504 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Knight, N. K. Grady, R. Bardhan, F. Hao, P. Nordlander, and N. J. Halas, “Nanoparticle-mediated coupling of light into a nanowire,” Nano Lett. 8, 2346–2350 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. W. Heeres, S. N. Dorenbos, B. Koene, G. S. Solomon, L. P. Kouwenhoven, and V. Zwiller, “On-chip single plasmon detection,” Nano Lett. 10, 661–664 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. I. Kolobov, “The spatial behavior of nonclassical light,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1539–1589 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Falk, F. H. L. Koppens, C. Yu, K. Kang, N. P. de Leon Snapp, A. V. Akimov, M.-H. Jo, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, “Near field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single plasmon sources,” Nat. Phys. 5, 475–479 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. W. Heeres, S. N. Dorenbos, B. Koene, G. S. Solomon, L. P. Kouwenhoven, and V. Zwiller, “On-chip single plasmon detection,” Nano Lett. 10, 661–664 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Koyama, M. Yoshita, M. Baba, T. Suemoto, and H. Akiyama, “High collection efficiency in fluorescence microscopy with a solid immersion lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1667–1669 (1999). [CrossRef]
- P. Kukura, M. Celebrano, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Imaging a single quantum dot when it is dark,” Nano Lett. 9, 926–929 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Tey, Z. Chen, S. A. Aljunid, B. Chng, F. Huber, G. Maslennikov, and C. Kurtsiefer, “Strong interaction between light and a single trapped atom without a cavity,” Nat. Phys. 4, 924 (2008). [CrossRef]
- N. Treps, U. Andersen, B. Buchler, P. K. Lam, A. Matre, H.-A. Bachor, and C. Fabre, “Surpassing the standard quantum limit for optical imaging using nonclassical multimode light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 203601 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Tame, C. Lee, J. Lee, D. Ballester, M. Paternostro, A. Zayats, and M. S. Kim, “Single-photon excitation of surface plasmon polaritons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 190504 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Tame, C. Lee, J. Lee, D. Ballester, M. Paternostro, A. Zayats, and M. S. Kim, “Single-photon excitation of surface plasmon polaritons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 190504 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Ahtee, R. Lettow, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Molecules as sources for indistinguishable single photons,” J. Mod. Opt. 56, 161–166 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Lettow, V. Ahtee, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Realization of two Fourier limited solid-state single-photon sources,” Opt. Express 15, 15842–15847 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Lindfors, T. Kalkbrenner, P. Stoller, and V. Sandoghdar, “Detection and spectroscopy of gold nanoparticles using supercontinuum white light confocal microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 037401 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Lounis, and M. Orrit, “Single-photon sources,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 68, 1129–1179 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. Lounis, and W. E. Moerner, “Single photons on demand from a single molecule at room temperature,” Nature 407, 491–493 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Lugiato, A. Gatti, and E. Brambilla, “Quantum imaging,” J. Opt. B 4, S176–S183 (2002).
- A. L. Falk, F. H. L. Koppens, C. Yu, K. Kang, N. P. de Leon Snapp, A. V. Akimov, M.-H. Jo, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, “Near field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single plasmon sources,” Nat. Phys. 5, 475–479 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. L. Yu, D. E. Chang, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. D. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. K. Tey, Z. Chen, S. A. Aljunid, B. Chng, F. Huber, G. Maslennikov, and C. Kurtsiefer, “Strong interaction between light and a single trapped atom without a cavity,” Nat. Phys. 4, 924 (2008). [CrossRef]
- N. Treps, U. Andersen, B. Buchler, P. K. Lam, A. Matre, H.-A. Bachor, and C. Fabre, “Surpassing the standard quantum limit for optical imaging using nonclassical multimode light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 203601 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Lounis, and W. E. Moerner, “Single photons on demand from a single molecule at room temperature,” Nature 407, 491–493 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Mojarad, G. Zumofen, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Metal nanoparticles in strongly confined beams: transmission, reflection and absorption,” J. Euro. Opt. Soc. 4, 09014 (2009). [CrossRef]
- G. Zumofen, N. M. Mojarad, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Perfect reflection of light by an oscillating dipole,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 180404 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. L. Yu, D. E. Chang, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. D. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Knight, N. K. Grady, R. Bardhan, F. Hao, P. Nordlander, and N. J. Halas, “Nanoparticle-mediated coupling of light into a nanowire,” Nano Lett. 8, 2346–2350 (2007). [CrossRef]
- B. Lounis, and M. Orrit, “Single-photon sources,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 68, 1129–1179 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Falk, F. H. L. Koppens, C. Yu, K. Kang, N. P. de Leon Snapp, A. V. Akimov, M.-H. Jo, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, “Near field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single plasmon sources,” Nat. Phys. 5, 475–479 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. L. Yu, D. E. Chang, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. D. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Tame, C. Lee, J. Lee, D. Ballester, M. Paternostro, A. Zayats, and M. S. Kim, “Single-photon excitation of surface plasmon polaritons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 190504 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Ahtee, R. Lettow, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Molecules as sources for indistinguishable single photons,” J. Mod. Opt. 56, 161–166 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Lettow, V. Ahtee, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Realization of two Fourier limited solid-state single-photon sources,” Opt. Express 15, 15842–15847 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Pfab, J. Zimmermann, C. Hettich, I. Gerhardt, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Aligned terrylene molecules in a spin-coated ultrathin crystalline film of p-terphenyl,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 387, 490–495 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. Eschner, C. Raab, F. Schmidt-Kaler, and R. Blatt, “Light interference from single atoms and their mirror images,” Nature 413, 495–498 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Ahtee, R. Lettow, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Molecules as sources for indistinguishable single photons,” J. Mod. Opt. 56, 161–166 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Kukura, M. Celebrano, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Imaging a single quantum dot when it is dark,” Nano Lett. 9, 926–929 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Lettow, V. Ahtee, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Realization of two Fourier limited solid-state single-photon sources,” Opt. Express 15, 15842–15847 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Pfab, J. Zimmermann, C. Hettich, I. Gerhardt, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Aligned terrylene molecules in a spin-coated ultrathin crystalline film of p-terphenyl,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 387, 490–495 (2004). [CrossRef]
- B. Richards, and E. Wolf, “Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems. II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic system,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 235, 358–379 (1959).
- V. Ahtee, R. Lettow, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Molecules as sources for indistinguishable single photons,” J. Mod. Opt. 56, 161–166 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Kukura, M. Celebrano, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Imaging a single quantum dot when it is dark,” Nano Lett. 9, 926–929 (2009). [CrossRef]
- N. Mojarad, G. Zumofen, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Metal nanoparticles in strongly confined beams: transmission, reflection and absorption,” J. Euro. Opt. Soc. 4, 09014 (2009). [CrossRef]
- G. Zumofen, N. M. Mojarad, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Perfect reflection of light by an oscillating dipole,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 180404 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Wrigge, I. Gerhardt, J. Hwang, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Efficient coupling of photons to a single molecule and the observation of its resonance fluorescence,” Nat. Phys. 4, 60–66 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. Wrigge, J. Hwang, I. Gerhardt, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Exploring the limits of single emitter detection in fluorescence and extinction,” Opt. Express 16, 17358–17365 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Lettow, V. Ahtee, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Realization of two Fourier limited solid-state single-photon sources,” Opt. Express 15, 15842–15847 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Pfab, J. Zimmermann, C. Hettich, I. Gerhardt, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Aligned terrylene molecules in a spin-coated ultrathin crystalline film of p-terphenyl,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 387, 490–495 (2004). [CrossRef]
- K. Lindfors, T. Kalkbrenner, P. Stoller, and V. Sandoghdar, “Detection and spectroscopy of gold nanoparticles using supercontinuum white light confocal microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 037401 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Eschner, C. Raab, F. Schmidt-Kaler, and R. Blatt, “Light interference from single atoms and their mirror images,” Nature 413, 495–498 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. W. Heeres, S. N. Dorenbos, B. Koene, G. S. Solomon, L. P. Kouwenhoven, and V. Zwiller, “On-chip single plasmon detection,” Nano Lett. 10, 661–664 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Lindfors, T. Kalkbrenner, P. Stoller, and V. Sandoghdar, “Detection and spectroscopy of gold nanoparticles using supercontinuum white light confocal microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 037401 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Koyama, M. Yoshita, M. Baba, T. Suemoto, and H. Akiyama, “High collection efficiency in fluorescence microscopy with a solid immersion lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1667–1669 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. N. Vamivakas, M. Atatüre, J. Dreiser, S. T. Yilmaz, A. Badolato, A. K. Swan, B. B. Goldberg, A. Imamoglu, and M. S. Ünlü, “Strong extinction of a far-field laser beam by a single quantum dot,” Nano Lett. 7, 2892–2896 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Tame, C. Lee, J. Lee, D. Ballester, M. Paternostro, A. Zayats, and M. S. Kim, “Single-photon excitation of surface plasmon polaritons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 190504 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. I. Taylor, Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 15, 114 (1909).
- M. K. Tey, Z. Chen, S. A. Aljunid, B. Chng, F. Huber, G. Maslennikov, and C. Kurtsiefer, “Strong interaction between light and a single trapped atom without a cavity,” Nat. Phys. 4, 924 (2008). [CrossRef]
- N. Treps, U. Andersen, B. Buchler, P. K. Lam, A. Matre, H.-A. Bachor, and C. Fabre, “Surpassing the standard quantum limit for optical imaging using nonclassical multimode light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 203601 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. N. Vamivakas, M. Atatüre, J. Dreiser, S. T. Yilmaz, A. Badolato, A. K. Swan, B. B. Goldberg, A. Imamoglu, and M. S. Ünlü, “Strong extinction of a far-field laser beam by a single quantum dot,” Nano Lett. 7, 2892–2896 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. N. Vamivakas, M. Atatüre, J. Dreiser, S. T. Yilmaz, A. Badolato, A. K. Swan, B. B. Goldberg, A. Imamoglu, and M. S. Ünlü, “Strong extinction of a far-field laser beam by a single quantum dot,” Nano Lett. 7, 2892–2896 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Richards, and E. Wolf, “Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems. II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic system,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 235, 358–379 (1959).
- G. Wrigge, J. Hwang, I. Gerhardt, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Exploring the limits of single emitter detection in fluorescence and extinction,” Opt. Express 16, 17358–17365 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Wrigge, I. Gerhardt, J. Hwang, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Efficient coupling of photons to a single molecule and the observation of its resonance fluorescence,” Nat. Phys. 4, 60–66 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. N. Vamivakas, M. Atatüre, J. Dreiser, S. T. Yilmaz, A. Badolato, A. K. Swan, B. B. Goldberg, A. Imamoglu, and M. S. Ünlü, “Strong extinction of a far-field laser beam by a single quantum dot,” Nano Lett. 7, 2892–2896 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Koyama, M. Yoshita, M. Baba, T. Suemoto, and H. Akiyama, “High collection efficiency in fluorescence microscopy with a solid immersion lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1667–1669 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Falk, F. H. L. Koppens, C. Yu, K. Kang, N. P. de Leon Snapp, A. V. Akimov, M.-H. Jo, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, “Near field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single plasmon sources,” Nat. Phys. 5, 475–479 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. L. Yu, D. E. Chang, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. D. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Tame, C. Lee, J. Lee, D. Ballester, M. Paternostro, A. Zayats, and M. S. Kim, “Single-photon excitation of surface plasmon polaritons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 190504 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. L. Yu, D. E. Chang, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. D. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Pfab, J. Zimmermann, C. Hettich, I. Gerhardt, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Aligned terrylene molecules in a spin-coated ultrathin crystalline film of p-terphenyl,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 387, 490–495 (2004). [CrossRef]
- N. Mojarad, G. Zumofen, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Metal nanoparticles in strongly confined beams: transmission, reflection and absorption,” J. Euro. Opt. Soc. 4, 09014 (2009). [CrossRef]
- G. Zumofen, N. M. Mojarad, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Perfect reflection of light by an oscillating dipole,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 180404 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Wrigge, I. Gerhardt, J. Hwang, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Efficient coupling of photons to a single molecule and the observation of its resonance fluorescence,” Nat. Phys. 4, 60–66 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. Wrigge, J. Hwang, I. Gerhardt, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Exploring the limits of single emitter detection in fluorescence and extinction,” Opt. Express 16, 17358–17365 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. W. Heeres, S. N. Dorenbos, B. Koene, G. S. Solomon, L. P. Kouwenhoven, and V. Zwiller, “On-chip single plasmon detection,” Nano Lett. 10, 661–664 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- K. Koyama, M. Yoshita, M. Baba, T. Suemoto, and H. Akiyama, “High collection efficiency in fluorescence microscopy with a solid immersion lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1667–1669 (1999). [CrossRef]
Chem. Phys. Lett.
- R. J. Pfab, J. Zimmermann, C. Hettich, I. Gerhardt, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Aligned terrylene molecules in a spin-coated ultrathin crystalline film of p-terphenyl,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 387, 490–495 (2004). [CrossRef]
J. Euro. Opt. Soc.
- N. Mojarad, G. Zumofen, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Metal nanoparticles in strongly confined beams: transmission, reflection and absorption,” J. Euro. Opt. Soc. 4, 09014 (2009). [CrossRef]
J. Mod. Opt.
- V. Ahtee, R. Lettow, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Molecules as sources for indistinguishable single photons,” J. Mod. Opt. 56, 161–166 (2009). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. B
- L. Lugiato, A. Gatti, and E. Brambilla, “Quantum imaging,” J. Opt. B 4, S176–S183 (2002).
Nano Lett.
- A. N. Vamivakas, M. Atatüre, J. Dreiser, S. T. Yilmaz, A. Badolato, A. K. Swan, B. B. Goldberg, A. Imamoglu, and M. S. Ünlü, “Strong extinction of a far-field laser beam by a single quantum dot,” Nano Lett. 7, 2892–2896 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. W. Heeres, S. N. Dorenbos, B. Koene, G. S. Solomon, L. P. Kouwenhoven, and V. Zwiller, “On-chip single plasmon detection,” Nano Lett. 10, 661–664 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Knight, N. K. Grady, R. Bardhan, F. Hao, P. Nordlander, and N. J. Halas, “Nanoparticle-mediated coupling of light into a nanowire,” Nano Lett. 8, 2346–2350 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. Kukura, M. Celebrano, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Imaging a single quantum dot when it is dark,” Nano Lett. 9, 926–929 (2009). [CrossRef]
Nat. Phys.
- A. L. Falk, F. H. L. Koppens, C. Yu, K. Kang, N. P. de Leon Snapp, A. V. Akimov, M.-H. Jo, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, “Near field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single plasmon sources,” Nat. Phys. 5, 475–479 (2009). [CrossRef]
- G. Wrigge, I. Gerhardt, J. Hwang, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Efficient coupling of photons to a single molecule and the observation of its resonance fluorescence,” Nat. Phys. 4, 60–66 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Tey, Z. Chen, S. A. Aljunid, B. Chng, F. Huber, G. Maslennikov, and C. Kurtsiefer, “Strong interaction between light and a single trapped atom without a cavity,” Nat. Phys. 4, 924 (2008). [CrossRef]
Nature
- J. Eschner, C. Raab, F. Schmidt-Kaler, and R. Blatt, “Light interference from single atoms and their mirror images,” Nature 413, 495–498 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. L. Yu, D. E. Chang, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. D. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Lounis, and W. E. Moerner, “Single photons on demand from a single molecule at room temperature,” Nature 407, 491–493 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- G. Wrigge, J. Hwang, I. Gerhardt, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Exploring the limits of single emitter detection in fluorescence and extinction,” Opt. Express 16, 17358–17365 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Lettow, V. Ahtee, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Realization of two Fourier limited solid-state single-photon sources,” Opt. Express 15, 15842–15847 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
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Phys. Rev. Lett.
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- N. Treps, U. Andersen, B. Buchler, P. K. Lam, A. Matre, H.-A. Bachor, and C. Fabre, “Surpassing the standard quantum limit for optical imaging using nonclassical multimode light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 203601 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Tame, C. Lee, J. Lee, D. Ballester, M. Paternostro, A. Zayats, and M. S. Kim, “Single-photon excitation of surface plasmon polaritons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 190504 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Zumofen, N. M. Mojarad, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Perfect reflection of light by an oscillating dipole,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 180404 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc.
- G. I. Taylor, Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 15, 114 (1909).
Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A
- B. Richards, and E. Wolf, “Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems. II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic system,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 235, 358–379 (1959).
Rep. Prog. Phys.
- B. Lounis, and M. Orrit, “Single-photon sources,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 68, 1129–1179 (2005). [CrossRef]
Rev. Mod. Phys.
- M. I. Kolobov, “The spatial behavior of nonclassical light,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1539–1589 (1999). [CrossRef]
Other
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- This value is larger than that expected from a simple estimate of the diffraction limit because of 1) the inherently larger FWHM that is obtained in transmission measurements and 2) the lower effective numerical aperture due a smaller beam diameter in this experiment.
2010, Heeres, Nano Lett.
- R. W. Heeres, S. N. Dorenbos, B. Koene, G. S. Solomon, L. P. Kouwenhoven, and V. Zwiller, “On-chip single plasmon detection,” Nano Lett. 10, 661–664 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Mojarad, G. Zumofen, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Metal nanoparticles in strongly confined beams: transmission, reflection and absorption,” J. Euro. Opt. Soc. 4, 09014 (2009). [CrossRef]
- V. Ahtee, R. Lettow, R. Pfab, A. Renn, E. Ikonen, S. Götzinger, and V. Sandoghdar, “Molecules as sources for indistinguishable single photons,” J. Mod. Opt. 56, 161–166 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Falk, F. H. L. Koppens, C. Yu, K. Kang, N. P. de Leon Snapp, A. V. Akimov, M.-H. Jo, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, “Near field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single plasmon sources,” Nat. Phys. 5, 475–479 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Kukura, M. Celebrano, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Imaging a single quantum dot when it is dark,” Nano Lett. 9, 926–929 (2009). [CrossRef]
- G. Zumofen, N. M. Mojarad, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, “Perfect reflection of light by an oscillating dipole,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 180404 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Wrigge, I. Gerhardt, J. Hwang, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar, “Efficient coupling of photons to a single molecule and the observation of its resonance fluorescence,” Nat. Phys. 4, 60–66 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. K. Tey, Z. Chen, S. A. Aljunid, B. Chng, F. Huber, G. Maslennikov, and C. Kurtsiefer, “Strong interaction between light and a single trapped atom without a cavity,” Nat. Phys. 4, 924 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. S. Tame, C. Lee, J. Lee, D. Ballester, M. Paternostro, A. Zayats, and M. S. Kim, “Single-photon excitation of surface plasmon polaritons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 190504 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. N. Vamivakas, M. Atatüre, J. Dreiser, S. T. Yilmaz, A. Badolato, A. K. Swan, B. B. Goldberg, A. Imamoglu, and M. S. Ünlü, “Strong extinction of a far-field laser beam by a single quantum dot,” Nano Lett. 7, 2892–2896 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Akimov, A. Mukherjee, C. L. Yu, D. E. Chang, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, H. Park, and M. D. Lukin, “Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots,” Nature 450, 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Knight, N. K. Grady, R. Bardhan, F. Hao, P. Nordlander, and N. J. Halas, “Nanoparticle-mediated coupling of light into a nanowire,” Nano Lett. 8, 2346–2350 (2007). [CrossRef]
- B. Lounis, and M. Orrit, “Single-photon sources,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 68, 1129–1179 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. J. Pfab, J. Zimmermann, C. Hettich, I. Gerhardt, A. Renn, and V. Sandoghdar, “Aligned terrylene molecules in a spin-coated ultrathin crystalline film of p-terphenyl,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 387, 490–495 (2004). [CrossRef]
- K. Lindfors, T. Kalkbrenner, P. Stoller, and V. Sandoghdar, “Detection and spectroscopy of gold nanoparticles using supercontinuum white light confocal microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 037401 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Treps, U. Andersen, B. Buchler, P. K. Lam, A. Matre, H.-A. Bachor, and C. Fabre, “Surpassing the standard quantum limit for optical imaging using nonclassical multimode light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 203601 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Lugiato, A. Gatti, and E. Brambilla, “Quantum imaging,” J. Opt. B 4, S176–S183 (2002).
- J. Eschner, C. Raab, F. Schmidt-Kaler, and R. Blatt, “Light interference from single atoms and their mirror images,” Nature 413, 495–498 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Lounis, and W. E. Moerner, “Single photons on demand from a single molecule at room temperature,” Nature 407, 491–493 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Koyama, M. Yoshita, M. Baba, T. Suemoto, and H. Akiyama, “High collection efficiency in fluorescence microscopy with a solid immersion lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1667–1669 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. I. Kolobov, “The spatial behavior of nonclassical light,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1539–1589 (1999). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Davis, “Interference between resolvable wavelengths with single-photon resolved detection,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1258–1261 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Richards, and E. Wolf, “Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems. II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic system,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 235, 358–379 (1959).
- G. I. Taylor, Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 15, 114 (1909).
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