Modeling and experimental verification of optical materials formed by stacked nanostrips

doi:10.1364/OE.18.014842

Modeling and experimental verification of optical materials formed by stacked nanostrips

Xingzhan Wei, Haofei Shi, Guoxing Zheng, Xiaochun Dong, and Chunlei Du »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 14, pp. 14842-14849 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.014842

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Abstract
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Abstract

The effective plasma frequency f_p of periodic metallic wires whose characteristic dimensions are comparable to their skin depth has been analyzed. And a relevant analytic model is constructed by considering the skin effect and making a reasonable shape approximation, which is suitable for the case that the cross section of the wire is noncircular. To verify this model, a wires array with rectangle cross section is designed and the corresponding stacked Au-SiO₂ nanostrips are fabricated. The experimental and simulational transmittances of the metamaterial have been evaluated with a good agreement, although the presence of quartz substrate and structural imperfections in experiment will have an impact, which validates that the multilayer Au-SiO₂ nanostrips could function similarly to a natural bulk metal with discrepancies of f_p values less than 8%. It could be confirmed that the theoretic formula is trustworthy in predicting f_p for designing and realizing a controllable artificial metal in optical region.

OCIS Codes
(160.4670) Materials : Optical materials
(160.4760) Materials : Optical properties
(260.5740) Physical optics : Resonance
(350.4238) Other areas of optics : Nanophotonics and photonic crystals

ToC Category:
Metamaterials

History
Original Manuscript: April 27, 2010
Revised Manuscript: June 5, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: June 16, 2010
Published: June 28, 2010

Citation
Xingzhan Wei, Haofei Shi, Guoxing Zheng, Xiaochun Dong, and Chunlei Du, "Modeling and experimental verification of optical materials formed by stacked nanostrips," Opt. Express 18, 14842-14849 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-14-14842

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References

W. Rotman, “Plasma Simulation by Artificial Dielectrics and Parallel-Plate Media,” IRE Trans. Antennas Propag. 10(1), 82–95 (1962). [CrossRef]
J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart, and I. Youngs, “Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76(25), 4773–4776 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, “Low frequency plasmons in thin-wire structures,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 10(22), 4785–4809 (1998). [CrossRef]
S. I. Maslovski, S. A. Tretyakov, and P. A. Belov, “Wire media with negative effective permittivity: A quasi-static model,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 35(1), 47–51 (2002). [CrossRef]
M. Silveirinha and C. Fernandes, “A Hybrid Method for the Efficient Calculation of the Band Structure of 3-D Metallic Crystals,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 52(3), 889–902 (2004). [CrossRef]
S. Brand, R. A. Abram, and M. A. Kaliteevski, “Complex photonic band structure and effective plasma frequency of a two-dimensional array of metal rods,” Phys. Rev. B 75(3), 035102 (2007). [CrossRef]
X. Wei, H. Shi, Q. Deng, X. Dong, C. Liu, Y. Lu, and C. Du, “Artificial metal with effective plasma frequency in near-infrared region,” Opt. Express 18(4), 3370–3378 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. G. Silveirinha, “Nonlocal homogenization model for a periodic array of epsilon-negative rods,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 73(4), 046612 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. G. Silveirinha, “Artificial plasma formed by connected metallic wires at infrared frequencies,” Phys. Rev. B 79(3), 035118 (2009). [CrossRef]
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R. Liu, Q. Cheng, T. Hand, J. J. Mock, T. J. Cui, S. A. Cummer, and D. R. Smith, “Experimental demonstration of electromagnetic tunneling through an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial at microwave frequencies,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(2), 023903–023907 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, “Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(13), 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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V. Shrotriya, E. H. Wu, G. Li, Y. Yao, and Y. Yang, “Efficient light harvesting in multiple-device stacked structure for polymer solar cells,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(6), 064104 (2006). [CrossRef]
D. R. Smith, S. Schultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients,” Phys. Rev. B 65(19), 195104 (2002). [CrossRef]
A. Boltasseva and V. M. Shalaev, “Fabrication of optical negative-index metamaterials: Recent advances and outlook,” Metamaterials (Amst.) 2(1), 1–17 (2008). [CrossRef]
J. T. Shen, P. B. Catrysse, and S. Fan, “Mechanism for designing metallic metamaterials with a high index of refraction,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(19), 197401 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Zhou, E. N. Economon, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Unifying approach to left-handed material design,” Opt. Lett. 31(24), 3620–3622 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
V. M. Shalaev, W. Cai, U. K. Chettiar, H.-K. Yuan, A. K. Sarychev, V. P. Drachev, and A. V. Kildishev, “Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials,” Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3356–3358 (2005). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

V. Shrotriya, E. H. Wu, G. Li, Y. Yao, and Y. Yang, “Efficient light harvesting in multiple-device stacked structure for polymer solar cells,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(6), 064104 (2006). [CrossRef]

IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.

M. Silveirinha and C. Fernandes, “A Hybrid Method for the Efficient Calculation of the Band Structure of 3-D Metallic Crystals,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 52(3), 889–902 (2004). [CrossRef]

IRE Trans. Antennas Propag.

W. Rotman, “Plasma Simulation by Artificial Dielectrics and Parallel-Plate Media,” IRE Trans. Antennas Propag. 10(1), 82–95 (1962). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Condens. Matter

J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, “Low frequency plasmons in thin-wire structures,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 10(22), 4785–4809 (1998). [CrossRef]

Metamaterials (Amst.)

A. Boltasseva and V. M. Shalaev, “Fabrication of optical negative-index metamaterials: Recent advances and outlook,” Metamaterials (Amst.) 2(1), 1–17 (2008). [CrossRef]

Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.

S. I. Maslovski, S. A. Tretyakov, and P. A. Belov, “Wire media with negative effective permittivity: A quasi-static model,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 35(1), 47–51 (2002). [CrossRef]

Nano Lett.

Z. Liu, S. Durant, H. Lee, Y. Pikus, N. Fang, Y. Xiong, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, “Far-field optical superlens,” Nano Lett. 7(2), 403–408 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

X. Wei, H. Shi, Q. Deng, X. Dong, C. Liu, Y. Lu, and C. Du, “Artificial metal with effective plasma frequency in near-infrared region,” Opt. Express 18(4), 3370–3378 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

Phys. Rev. B

D. R. Smith, S. Schultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients,” Phys. Rev. B 65(19), 195104 (2002). [CrossRef]
M. G. Silveirinha, “Artificial plasma formed by connected metallic wires at infrared frequencies,” Phys. Rev. B 79(3), 035118 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. Brand, R. A. Abram, and M. A. Kaliteevski, “Complex photonic band structure and effective plasma frequency of a two-dimensional array of metal rods,” Phys. Rev. B 75(3), 035102 (2007). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.

M. G. Silveirinha, “Nonlocal homogenization model for a periodic array of epsilon-negative rods,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 73(4), 046612 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart, and I. Youngs, “Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76(25), 4773–4776 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Enoch, G. Tayeb, P. Sabouroux, N. Guérin, and P. Vincent, “A metamaterial for directive emission,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(21), 213902 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. Liu, Q. Cheng, T. Hand, J. J. Mock, T. J. Cui, S. A. Cummer, and D. R. Smith, “Experimental demonstration of electromagnetic tunneling through an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial at microwave frequencies,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(2), 023903–023907 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, “Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(13), 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. T. Shen, P. B. Catrysse, and S. Fan, “Mechanism for designing metallic metamaterials with a high index of refraction,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(19), 197401 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Science

N. Fang, H. Lee, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, “Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens,” Science 308(5721), 534–537 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, “Simultaneous negative phase and group velocity of light in a metamaterial,” Science 312(5775), 892–894 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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