1x3 beam splitter for TE polarization based on self-imaging phenomena in photonic crystal waveguides

doi:10.1364/OE.18.014944

1x3 beam splitter for TE polarization based on self-imaging phenomena in photonic crystal waveguides

Min Zhang, Radu Malureanu, Asger Christian Krüger, and Martin Kristensen »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 14, pp. 14944-14949 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.014944

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Abstract

Based on inspiration from multi-mode interference self-imaging and theoretical FDTD simulations, a 1x3 beam splitter was designed, fabricated and characterized. Measurements show that for TE-polarized incident light the power is distributed equally between the output ports within 1dB in the range from 1541nm to 1552nm, and the total transmission of the 1x3 splitter is equal to the corresponding length of a single-line-defect PhCW within the measurement uncertainty.

OCIS Codes
(130.3120) Integrated optics : Integrated optics devices
(230.7390) Optical devices : Waveguides, planar
(130.5296) Integrated optics : Photonic crystal waveguides

ToC Category:
Integrated Optics

History
Original Manuscript: April 14, 2010
Revised Manuscript: June 14, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: June 22, 2010
Published: June 29, 2010

Citation
Min Zhang, Radu Malureanu, Asger Christian Krüger, and Martin Kristensen, "1x3 beam splitter for TE polarization based on self-imaging phenomena in photonic crystal waveguides," Opt. Express 18, 14944-14949 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-14-14944

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References

G. Lifante, “Integrated Photonics: Fundamentals” (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2005). [PubMed]
J. D. Joannopoulos, S. G. Johnson, J. N. Winn, and R. D. Meade, “Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light (second edition)” (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2007), Chap. 8. [PubMed]
I. Park, H. S. Lee, H. J. Kim, K. M. Moon, S. G. Lee, B. H. O, S. G. Park, and H. Lee, “Photonic crystal power-splitter based on directional coupling,” Opt. Express 12(15), 3599–3604 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-12-15-3599 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
T. B. Yu, M. H. Wang, X. Q. Jiang, Q. H. Liao, and J. Y. Yang, “Ultracompact and wideband power splitter based on triple photonic crystal waveguides directional coupler,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 9(1), 37–42 (2007). [CrossRef]
S. Boscolo, M. Midrio, and T. F. Krauss, “Y junctions in photonic crystal channel waveguides: high transmission and impedance matching,” Opt. Lett. 27(12), 1001–1003 (2002), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-27-12-1001 . [CrossRef]
S. H. Fan, S. G. Johnson, J. D. Joannopoulos, C. Manolatou, and H. A. Haus, “Waveguide branches in photonic crystals,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18(2), 162–165 (2001). [CrossRef]
Y. Zhang, Z. J. Li, and B. J. Li, “Multimode interference effect and self-imaging principle in two-dimensional silicon photonic crystal waveguides for terahertz waves,” Opt. Express 14, 2679–2689 (2006), ttp:// www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-7-2679 .
T. Liu, A. R. Zakharian, M. Fallahi, J. V. Moloney, and M. Mansuripur, “Multimode interference-based photonic crystal waveguide power splitter,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22(12), 2842–2846 (2004). [CrossRef]
A. Têtu, M. Kristensen, L. H. Frandsen, A. Harpøth, P. I. Borel, J. S. Jensen, and O. Sigmund, “Broadband topology-optimized photonic crystal components for both TE and TM polarizations,” Opt. Express 13(21), 8606–8611 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=OE-13-21-8606 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, A. Harpoth, M. Kristensen, J. S. Jensen, and O. Sigmund, “Topology optimised broadband photonic crystal Y-splitter,” Electron. Lett. 41(2), 69–71 (2005). [CrossRef]
L. H. Frandsen, P. I. Borel, Y. X. Zhuang, A. Harpøth, M. Thorhauge, M. Kristensen, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, V. Wiaux, J. Wouters, and S. Beckx, “Ultralow-loss 3-dB photonic crystal waveguide splitter,” Opt. Lett. 29(14), 1623–1625 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
L. B. Soldano and E. C. M. Pennings, “Optical multimode interference devices based on self-imaging - principles and applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 13(4), 615–627 (1995). [CrossRef]
H. J. Kim, I. Park, B. H. O. S. G. Park, H. Lee, and S. G. Lee, “Self-imaging phenomena in multi-mode photonic crystal line-defect waveguides: application to wavelength de-multiplexing,” Opt. Express 12(23), 5625–5633 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-23-5625 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Z. J. Li, Y. Zhang, and B. J. Li, “Terahertz photonic crystal switch in silicon based on self-imaging principle,” Opt. Express 14(9), 3887–3892 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-9-3887 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. B. Chen, Y. Xu, J. L. He, and Z. Hong, “A polarization splitter based on self-imaging phenomena in an anisotropic photonic crystal with an absolute photonic band gap,” Opt. Commun. 282(17), 3626–3629 (2009). [CrossRef]
T. B. Yu, H. F. Zhou, Z. Gong, J. Y. Yang, X. Q. Jiang, and M. H. Wang, “Ultracompact multiway beam splitters using multiple coupled photonic crystal waveguides,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 41(9), 095101 (2008). [CrossRef]
O. Bryngdah, “Image formation using self-imaging techniques,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63(4), 416–419 (1973). [CrossRef]
R. Ulrich, “Image-formation by phase coincidences in optical-waveguides,” Opt. Commun. 13(3), 259–264 (1975). [CrossRef]
J. M. Heaton, R. M. Jenkins, D. R. Wight, J. T. Parker, J. C. H. Birbeck, and K. P. Hilton, “Novel 1-to-N way integrated optical beam-splitters using symmetrical mode mixing in GaAs/AlGaAs multimode wave-guides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 61(15), 1754–1756 (1992). [CrossRef]
G. P. Agrawal, “Fiber-Optic Communication Systems” (Wiley-Interscience, Rochester, 1997), Chap. 2. [PubMed]
L. H. Frandsen, A. V. Lavrinenko, J. Fage-Pedersen, and P. I. Borel, “Photonic crystal waveguides with semi-slow light and tailored dispersion properties,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9444–9450 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-20-9444 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] G. Lifante, “Integrated Photonics: Fundamentals” (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2005). [PubMed]

[2] J. D. Joannopoulos, S. G. Johnson, J. N. Winn, and R. D. Meade, “Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light (second edition)” (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2007), Chap. 8. [PubMed]

[3] I. Park, H. S. Lee, H. J. Kim, K. M. Moon, S. G. Lee, B. H. O, S. G. Park, and H. Lee, “Photonic crystal power-splitter based on directional coupling,” Opt. Express 12(15), 3599–3604 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-12-15-3599 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] T. B. Yu, M. H. Wang, X. Q. Jiang, Q. H. Liao, and J. Y. Yang, “Ultracompact and wideband power splitter based on triple photonic crystal waveguides directional coupler,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 9(1), 37–42 (2007). [CrossRef]

[5] S. Boscolo, M. Midrio, and T. F. Krauss, “Y junctions in photonic crystal channel waveguides: high transmission and impedance matching,” Opt. Lett. 27(12), 1001–1003 (2002), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-27-12-1001 . [CrossRef]

[6] S. H. Fan, S. G. Johnson, J. D. Joannopoulos, C. Manolatou, and H. A. Haus, “Waveguide branches in photonic crystals,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18(2), 162–165 (2001). [CrossRef]

[7] Y. Zhang, Z. J. Li, and B. J. Li, “Multimode interference effect and self-imaging principle in two-dimensional silicon photonic crystal waveguides for terahertz waves,” Opt. Express 14, 2679–2689 (2006), ttp:// www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-7-2679 .

[8] T. Liu, A. R. Zakharian, M. Fallahi, J. V. Moloney, and M. Mansuripur, “Multimode interference-based photonic crystal waveguide power splitter,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22(12), 2842–2846 (2004). [CrossRef]

[9] A. Têtu, M. Kristensen, L. H. Frandsen, A. Harpøth, P. I. Borel, J. S. Jensen, and O. Sigmund, “Broadband topology-optimized photonic crystal components for both TE and TM polarizations,” Opt. Express 13(21), 8606–8611 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=OE-13-21-8606 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, A. Harpoth, M. Kristensen, J. S. Jensen, and O. Sigmund, “Topology optimised broadband photonic crystal Y-splitter,” Electron. Lett. 41(2), 69–71 (2005). [CrossRef]

[11] L. H. Frandsen, P. I. Borel, Y. X. Zhuang, A. Harpøth, M. Thorhauge, M. Kristensen, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, V. Wiaux, J. Wouters, and S. Beckx, “Ultralow-loss 3-dB photonic crystal waveguide splitter,” Opt. Lett. 29(14), 1623–1625 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[12] L. B. Soldano and E. C. M. Pennings, “Optical multimode interference devices based on self-imaging - principles and applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 13(4), 615–627 (1995). [CrossRef]

[13] H. J. Kim, I. Park, B. H. O. S. G. Park, H. Lee, and S. G. Lee, “Self-imaging phenomena in multi-mode photonic crystal line-defect waveguides: application to wavelength de-multiplexing,” Opt. Express 12(23), 5625–5633 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-23-5625 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] Z. J. Li, Y. Zhang, and B. J. Li, “Terahertz photonic crystal switch in silicon based on self-imaging principle,” Opt. Express 14(9), 3887–3892 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-9-3887 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] H. B. Chen, Y. Xu, J. L. He, and Z. Hong, “A polarization splitter based on self-imaging phenomena in an anisotropic photonic crystal with an absolute photonic band gap,” Opt. Commun. 282(17), 3626–3629 (2009). [CrossRef]

[16] T. B. Yu, H. F. Zhou, Z. Gong, J. Y. Yang, X. Q. Jiang, and M. H. Wang, “Ultracompact multiway beam splitters using multiple coupled photonic crystal waveguides,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 41(9), 095101 (2008). [CrossRef]

[17] O. Bryngdah, “Image formation using self-imaging techniques,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63(4), 416–419 (1973). [CrossRef]

[18] R. Ulrich, “Image-formation by phase coincidences in optical-waveguides,” Opt. Commun. 13(3), 259–264 (1975). [CrossRef]

[19] J. M. Heaton, R. M. Jenkins, D. R. Wight, J. T. Parker, J. C. H. Birbeck, and K. P. Hilton, “Novel 1-to-N way integrated optical beam-splitters using symmetrical mode mixing in GaAs/AlGaAs multimode wave-guides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 61(15), 1754–1756 (1992). [CrossRef]

[20] G. P. Agrawal, “Fiber-Optic Communication Systems” (Wiley-Interscience, Rochester, 1997), Chap. 2. [PubMed]

[21] L. H. Frandsen, A. V. Lavrinenko, J. Fage-Pedersen, and P. I. Borel, “Photonic crystal waveguides with semi-slow light and tailored dispersion properties,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9444–9450 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-20-9444 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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1x3 beam splitter for TE polarization based on self-imaging phenomena in photonic crystal waveguides