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Mid-infrared characterization of solution-processed As2S3 chalcogenide glass waveguidesCandice Tsay, Elvis Mujagić, Christi K. Madsen, Claire F. Gmachl, and Craig B. Arnold »View Author Affiliations
Candice Tsay,1
Elvis Mujagić,1,2
Christi K. Madsen,3
Claire F. Gmachl,1
and Craig B. Arnold1,4,*
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA 2Institute for Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA 4Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA *Corresponding author: cbarnold@princeton.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 15, pp. 15523-15530 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.015523
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Abstract
An etch-free and cost-effective deposition and patterning method to fabricate mid-infrared chalcogenide glass waveguides for chemical sensing applications is introduced. As2S3 raised strip optical waveguides are produced by casting a liquid solution of As2S3 glass in capillary channel molds formed by soft lithography. Mid-IR transmission is characterized by coupling the output of a quantum cascade (QC) laser (λ = 4.8 µm) into the 40 µm wide by 10 µm thick multi-mode waveguides. Loss as low as 4.5 dB/cm is achieved using suitable substrate materials and post-processing. Optical absorption and surface roughness measurements indicate that the solution-processed films are of sufficient quality for optical devices and are promising for further development of waveguide-based mid-IR elements.
© 2010 OSA
OCIS Codes
(130.3060) Integrated optics : Infrared
(310.1860) Thin films : Deposition and fabrication
(130.2755) Integrated optics : Glass waveguides
ToC Category:
Integrated Optics
History
Original Manuscript: May 6, 2010
Revised Manuscript: June 25, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: June 25, 2010
Published: July 7, 2010
Citation
Candice Tsay, Elvis Mujagić, Christi K. Madsen, Claire F. Gmachl, and Craig B. Arnold, "Mid-infrared characterization of solution-processed As2S3 chalcogenide glass waveguides," Opt. Express 18, 15523-15530 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-15-15523
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References
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- M. Pelusi, F. Luan, T. D. Vo, M. R. E. Lamont, S. J. Madden, D. A. Bulla, D.-Y. Choi, B. Luther-Davies, and B. J. Eggleton, “Photonic-chip-based radio-frequency spectrum analyzer with terahertz bandwidth,” Nat. Photonics 3(3), 139–143 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- S. Song, S. S. Howard, Z. Liu, A. O. Dirisu, C. F. Gmachl, and C. B. Arnold, “Mode tuning of quantum cascade lasers through optical processing of chalcogenide glass claddings,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(4), 041115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Pelusi, F. Luan, T. D. Vo, M. R. E. Lamont, S. J. Madden, D. A. Bulla, D.-Y. Choi, B. Luther-Davies, and B. J. Eggleton, “Photonic-chip-based radio-frequency spectrum analyzer with terahertz bandwidth,” Nat. Photonics 3(3), 139–143 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Faraon, D. Englund, D. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, B. J. Eggleton, N. Stoltz, P. Petroff, and J. Vučković, “Local tuning of photonic crystal cavities using chalcogenide glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 043123 (2008). [CrossRef]
- V. G. Ta’eed, N. J. Baker, L. Fu, K. Finsterbusch, M. R. E. Lamont, D. J. Moss, H. C. Nguyen, B. J. Eggleton, D. Y. Choi, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davies, “Ultrafast all-optical chalcogenide glass photonic circuits,” Opt. Express 15(15), 9205–9221 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Madden, D.-Y. Choi, D. A. Bulla, A. V. Rode, B. Luther-Davies, V. G. Ta’eed, M. D. Pelusi, and B. J. Eggleton, “Long, low loss etched As2S3 chalcogenide waveguides for all-optical signal regeneration,” Opt. Express 15(22), 14414–14421 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Soref, S. J. Emelett, and W. R. Buchwald, “Silicon waveguided components for the long-wave infrared region,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 8(10), 840–848 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Faraon, D. Englund, D. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, B. J. Eggleton, N. Stoltz, P. Petroff, and J. Vučković, “Local tuning of photonic crystal cavities using chalcogenide glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 043123 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. Bonetti and J. Faist, “Quantum cascade lasers: Entering the mid-infrared,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 32–34 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Faist, F. Capasso, D. L. Sivco, C. Sirtori, A. L. Hutchinson, and A. Y. Cho, “Quantum cascade laser,” Science 264(5158), 553–556 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Faraon, D. Englund, D. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, B. J. Eggleton, N. Stoltz, P. Petroff, and J. Vučković, “Local tuning of photonic crystal cavities using chalcogenide glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 043123 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. Hu, N.-N. Feng, N. Carlie, L. Petit, A. Agarwal, K. Richardson, and L. Kimerling, “Optical loss reduction in high-index-contrast chalcogenide glass waveguides via thermal reflow,” Opt. Express 18(2), 1469–1478 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Hu, V. Tarasov, N. Carlie, N.-N. Feng, L. Petit, A. Agarwal, K. Richardson, and L. Kimerling, “Si-CMOS-compatible lift-off fabrication of low-loss planar chalcogenide waveguides,” Opt. Express 15(19), 11798–11807 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kosterev, G. Wysocki, Y. Bakhirkin, S. So, R. Lewicki, M. Fraser, F. Tittel, and R. F. Curl, “Application of quantum cascade lasers to trace gas analysis,” Appl. Phys. B 90(2), 165–176 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. G. Lian, W. Pan, D. Furniss, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, T. Kohoutek, J. Orava, and T. Wagner, “Embossing of chalcogenide glasses: monomode rib optical waveguides in evaporated thin films,” Opt. Lett. 34(8), 1234–1236 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. J. Pan, H. Rowe, D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, A. Loni, D. Furniss, P. Sewell, T. M. Benson, and A. B. Seddon, “One-step hot embossing of optical rib waveguides in chalcogenide glasses,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 50(7), 1961–1963 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Song, S. S. Howard, Z. Liu, A. O. Dirisu, C. F. Gmachl, and C. B. Arnold, “Mode tuning of quantum cascade lasers through optical processing of chalcogenide glass claddings,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(4), 041115 (2006). [CrossRef]
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Adv. Mater.
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Appl. Phys. B
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
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J. Am. Chem. Soc.
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J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt.
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J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
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