Direct patterning in sub-surface of stainless steel using laser pulses

doi:10.1364/OE.18.015990

Direct patterning in sub-surface of stainless steel using laser pulses

Z. L. Li, T. Liu, C. C. Khin, A. C. Tan, L. E. Khoong, H. Y. Zheng, and W. Zhou »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 15, pp. 15990-15997 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.015990

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Abstract

This paper reports for the first time on the direct creating microcavities in sub-surface of stainless steel using a single Nd:YAG laser pulse. The low peak power density is used in the process, which is in the order of 1 MW/cm². The formation of the microcavities in the sub-surface of stainless steel is an evidence of volume expulsion during laser-metal interaction. Direct patterning in the sub-surface of stainless steel is demonstrated by realizing a series of microcavities to form a pre-designed pattern. Potential applications of sub-surface patterning in metal, such as security marking, micro-heater, micro-insulator and micro-sensor, are discussed.

OCIS Codes
(140.3390) Lasers and laser optics : Laser materials processing
(160.3900) Materials : Metals
(220.4000) Optical design and fabrication : Microstructure fabrication
(140.3945) Lasers and laser optics : Microcavities

ToC Category:
Laser Microfabrication

History
Original Manuscript: May 11, 2010
Revised Manuscript: July 8, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: July 8, 2010
Published: July 13, 2010

Citation
Z. L. Li, T. Liu, C. C. Khin, A. C. Tan, L. E. Khoong, H. Y. Zheng, and W. Zhou, "Direct patterning in sub-surface of stainless steel using laser pulses," Opt. Express 18, 15990-15997 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-15-15990

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References

L. Ponce, J. Picans, and M. Arronte, “Surface laser engraviging by Nd:YAG laser,” in Proceedings of SOQUE Laser ‘98, Tucson, AZ, USA, 1998, pp. 41–2.
M. Navarrete, M. Villagrán-Muniz, L. Ponce, and T. Flores, “Photoacoustic detection of microcracks induced in BK7 glass by focused laser pulses,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 40(1–2), 5–11 (2003). [CrossRef]
K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21(21), 1729–1731 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. W. Chan, T. R. Huser, S. H. Risbud, and D. M. Krol, “Modification of the fused silica glass network associated with waveguide fabrication using femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 76(3), 367–372 (2003). [CrossRef]
K. Hirao and K. Miura, “Writing waveguides and gratins in silica and related materias by a femtosecond laser,” Non-cryst Solids 239(1-3), 91–95 (1998). [CrossRef]
A. Saliminia, N. T. Nguyen, M. C. Nadeau, S. Petit, S. L. Chin, and R. Vallée, “Writing optical waveguides in fused silica using 1 kHz femtosecond infrared pulses,” J. Appl. Phys. 93(7), 3724–3728 (2003). [CrossRef]
Y. Cheng, K. Sugioka, M. Masuda, K. Shihoyama, K. Toyoda, and K. Midorikawa, “Optical gratings embedded in photosensitive glass by photochemical reaction using a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Express 11(15), 1809–1816 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Z. L. Li, D. K. Y. Low, M. K. Ho, G. C. Lim, and K. J. Moh, “Fabrication of waveguides in Foturan by femtosecond laser,” J. Laser Appl. 18(4), 320–324 (2006). [CrossRef]
T. Dobrev, D. T. Pham, and S. S. Dimov, “ A simulation model for crater formation in laser drilling,” http://www.4m-net.org/files/papers/4M2005/02_08/02_08.PDF
D. Bäuerle, Laser processing and chemistry, 2nd ed., (Springer 1995).
R. E. Wagner, “Laser drilling mechanism,” J. Appl. Phys. 45(10), 4631–4637 (1974). [CrossRef]
S. Basu and T. DobRoy, “Liquid metal expulsion during laser irradiation,” J. Appl. Phys. 72(8), 3317–3322 (1992). [CrossRef]
K. T. Voisey, S. S. Kudesia, W. S. O. Rodden, D. P. Hand, J. D. C. Jones, and T. W. Clyne, “Metal ejection during laser drilling of metals,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 356(1–2), 414–424 (2003). [CrossRef]
S. Lugomer and A. Maksimović, “Laser-induced bursts of subsurface liquid Mo at transition from planar to volume vaporization: ballistic and percolation surface aggregation of ejected particles,” Vacuum 47(9), 1053-1059 (1996). [CrossRef]
D. Bhattacharya, R. K. Singh, and P. H. Holloway, “Laser-target interactions during pulsed laser deposition of superconducting thin films,” J. Appl. Phys. 70(10), 5433–5439 (1991). [CrossRef]
X. F. Xu, “Phase explosion and its time lag in nanosecond laser ablation,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 197–198, 61–66 (2002). [CrossRef]
A. Luft, U. Franz, A. Emsermann, and J. Kaspar, “A study of thermal and mechanical effects on materials induced by pulsed laser drilling,” Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process. 63(2), 93–101 (1996). [CrossRef]
D. K. Y. Low, L. Li, and P. J. Byrd, “The influence of temporal pulse train modulation during laser percussion drilling,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 35(3), 149–164 (2001). [CrossRef]
M. William, Steen, Laser Material Processing, 2nd ed., (Springer, 1998).
J. Banhart, “Manufacture, characterization and application of cellular metals and metal foams,” Prog. Mater. Sci. 46(6), 559–632 (2001). [CrossRef]
E. J. Cookson, D. E. Floyd, and A. J. Shih, “Design, manufacture, and analysis of metal foam electrical resistance heater,” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 48(11), 1314–1322 (2006). [CrossRef]
M. A. Biot, “Mechnics of deformation and acoustic propagation in poros media,” J. Appl. Phys. 33(4), 1482–1498 (1962). [CrossRef]
G. A. Kriegsmann, “Electromagnetic propagation in periodic porous structures,” Wave Motion 36(4), 457–472 (2002). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.

J. W. Chan, T. R. Huser, S. H. Risbud, and D. M. Krol, “Modification of the fused silica glass network associated with waveguide fabrication using femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 76(3), 367–372 (2003). [CrossRef]
A. Luft, U. Franz, A. Emsermann, and J. Kaspar, “A study of thermal and mechanical effects on materials induced by pulsed laser drilling,” Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process. 63(2), 93–101 (1996). [CrossRef]

Appl. Surf. Sci.

X. F. Xu, “Phase explosion and its time lag in nanosecond laser ablation,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 197–198, 61–66 (2002). [CrossRef]

Int. J. Mech. Sci.

E. J. Cookson, D. E. Floyd, and A. J. Shih, “Design, manufacture, and analysis of metal foam electrical resistance heater,” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 48(11), 1314–1322 (2006). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

M. A. Biot, “Mechnics of deformation and acoustic propagation in poros media,” J. Appl. Phys. 33(4), 1482–1498 (1962). [CrossRef]
D. Bhattacharya, R. K. Singh, and P. H. Holloway, “Laser-target interactions during pulsed laser deposition of superconducting thin films,” J. Appl. Phys. 70(10), 5433–5439 (1991). [CrossRef]
R. E. Wagner, “Laser drilling mechanism,” J. Appl. Phys. 45(10), 4631–4637 (1974). [CrossRef]
S. Basu and T. DobRoy, “Liquid metal expulsion during laser irradiation,” J. Appl. Phys. 72(8), 3317–3322 (1992). [CrossRef]
A. Saliminia, N. T. Nguyen, M. C. Nadeau, S. Petit, S. L. Chin, and R. Vallée, “Writing optical waveguides in fused silica using 1 kHz femtosecond infrared pulses,” J. Appl. Phys. 93(7), 3724–3728 (2003). [CrossRef]

J. Laser Appl.

Z. L. Li, D. K. Y. Low, M. K. Ho, G. C. Lim, and K. J. Moh, “Fabrication of waveguides in Foturan by femtosecond laser,” J. Laser Appl. 18(4), 320–324 (2006). [CrossRef]

Mater. Sci. Eng. A

K. T. Voisey, S. S. Kudesia, W. S. O. Rodden, D. P. Hand, J. D. C. Jones, and T. W. Clyne, “Metal ejection during laser drilling of metals,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 356(1–2), 414–424 (2003). [CrossRef]

Non-cryst Solids

K. Hirao and K. Miura, “Writing waveguides and gratins in silica and related materias by a femtosecond laser,” Non-cryst Solids 239(1-3), 91–95 (1998). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

Y. Cheng, K. Sugioka, M. Masuda, K. Shihoyama, K. Toyoda, and K. Midorikawa, “Optical gratings embedded in photosensitive glass by photochemical reaction using a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Express 11(15), 1809–1816 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lasers Eng.

M. Navarrete, M. Villagrán-Muniz, L. Ponce, and T. Flores, “Photoacoustic detection of microcracks induced in BK7 glass by focused laser pulses,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 40(1–2), 5–11 (2003). [CrossRef]
D. K. Y. Low, L. Li, and P. J. Byrd, “The influence of temporal pulse train modulation during laser percussion drilling,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 35(3), 149–164 (2001). [CrossRef]

Opt. Lett.

K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21(21), 1729–1731 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Prog. Mater. Sci.

J. Banhart, “Manufacture, characterization and application of cellular metals and metal foams,” Prog. Mater. Sci. 46(6), 559–632 (2001). [CrossRef]

Vacuum

S. Lugomer and A. Maksimović, “Laser-induced bursts of subsurface liquid Mo at transition from planar to volume vaporization: ballistic and percolation surface aggregation of ejected particles,” Vacuum 47(9), 1053-1059 (1996). [CrossRef]

Wave Motion

G. A. Kriegsmann, “Electromagnetic propagation in periodic porous structures,” Wave Motion 36(4), 457–472 (2002). [CrossRef]

Other

M. William, Steen, Laser Material Processing, 2nd ed., (Springer, 1998).
L. Ponce, J. Picans, and M. Arronte, “Surface laser engraviging by Nd:YAG laser,” in Proceedings of SOQUE Laser ‘98, Tucson, AZ, USA, 1998, pp. 41–2.
T. Dobrev, D. T. Pham, and S. S. Dimov, “ A simulation model for crater formation in laser drilling,” http://www.4m-net.org/files/papers/4M2005/02_08/02_08.PDF
D. Bäuerle, Laser processing and chemistry, 2nd ed., (Springer 1995).

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