Modelling of sub-wavelength THz sources as Gaussian apertures

doi:10.1364/OE.18.017672

Modelling of sub-wavelength THz sources as Gaussian apertures

Hungyen Lin, Christophe Fumeaux, Bernd M. Fischer, and Derek Abbott »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 17, pp. 17672-17683 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.017672

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Abstract
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Abstract

The THz emission point on a nonlinear electro-optical crystal for generating broadband THz radiation is modeled as a radiating Gaussian aperture. With the wavelengths of the infrared pump beam being much smaller than the wavelength components of the generated THz pulse, a THz sub-wavelength radiating aperture with Gaussian profile is effectively created. This paper comprehensively investigates Gaussian apertures in focused THz radiation generation in electro-optical crystals and illustrates the break-down of the paraxial approximation at low THz frequencies. The findings show that the shape of the radiation pattern causes a reduction in detectable THz radiation and hence contributes significantly to low signal-to-noise ratio in THz radiation generation. Whilst we have demonstrated the findings on optical rectification in this paper, the model may apply without a loss of generality to other types of apertures sources in THz radiation generation.

OCIS Codes
(300.6495) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, teraherz
(110.6795) Imaging systems : Terahertz imaging

ToC Category:
Imaging Systems

History
Original Manuscript: June 9, 2010
Revised Manuscript: July 14, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: July 23, 2010
Published: August 2, 2010

Citation
Hungyen Lin, Christophe Fumeaux, Bernd M. Fischer, and Derek Abbott, "Modelling of sub-wavelength THz sources as Gaussian apertures," Opt. Express 18, 17672-17683 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-17-17672

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References

G. Mourou, C. V. Stancampiano, V. Antonetti, and A. Orszag, “Picosecond microwave pulses generated with a subpicosecond laser-driven semiconductor switch,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 39, 295–296 (1981). [CrossRef]
C. Fattinger, and D. Grischkowsky, “Point source terahertz optics,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 1480–1482 (1988). [CrossRef]
M. Bass, P. A. Franken, J. F. Ward, and G. Weinreich, “Optical rectification,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 9, 446–448 (1962). [CrossRef]
X.-C. Zhang, Y. Jin, and X. F. Ma, “Coherent measurement of THz optical rectification from electro-optic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 2764–2766 (1992). [CrossRef]
A. Rice, Y. Jin, X. Ma, X.-C. Zhang, D. Bliss, J. Larkin, and M. Alexander, “Terahertz optical rectification from _110_ zinc-blende crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1324–1326 (1994). [CrossRef]
Q. Chen, and X.-C. Zhang, “Polarization modulation in optoelectronic generation and detection of terahertz beams,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 3435–3437 (1999). [CrossRef]
T. Yuan, S. P. Mickan, J. Xu, D. Abbott, and X.-C. Zhang “Towards an apertureless electro-optic T-ray microscope,” CLEO, 637 – 638 (2002).
R. Lecaque, S. Gresillon, and C. Boccara, “THz emission Microscopy with sub-wavelength broadband source,” Opt. Express 16, 4731–4738 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. Withayachumnankul, G. M. Png, X. Yin, S. Atakaramians, I. Jones, H. Lin, B. S. Y. Ung, J. Balakrishnan, B. W.-H. Ng, B. Ferguson, S. P. Mickan, B. M. Fischer, and D. Abbott, “T-ray sensing and imaging,” Proc. IEEE 95, 1528–1558 (2007). [CrossRef]
B. E. A. Saleh, and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics (John Wiley & Sons, 1991). [CrossRef]
S. J. Orfanidis, Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas (http://www.ece.rutgers.edu/orfanidi/ewa/ch17.pdf, 2008).
C. Fumeaux, D. Baumann, S. Atakaramians, and E. Li “Considerations on paraxial Gaussian beam source conditions for time-domain full-wave simulations,” 25th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics, 401 – 406 (2009).
J. Xu, and X.-C. Zhang, “Optical rectification in an area with a diameter comparable to or smaller than the center wavelength of terahertz radiation,” Opt. Lett. 27, 1067–1069 (1999). [CrossRef]
G. Dakovski, B. Kubera, and J. Shan, “Localized terahertz generation via optical rectification in ZnTe,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22, 1667–1670 (2005). [CrossRef]
Q. Xing, L. Lang, Z. Tian, N. Zhang, S. Li, K. Wang, L. Chai, and Q. Wang, “The effect of two-photon absorption and optical excitation area on the generation of THz radiation,” Opt. Commun. 267, 422–426 (2006). [CrossRef]
T. Hattori, K. Tukamoto, R. Rungsawang, and H. Nakatsuka, “Knife edge measurement of tightly focused terahertz pulses,” The 8th International Workshop on Femtosecond Technology, 1 (2001).
C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design (John Wiley & Sons, 1997).
A. Taflove, and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (Artech House, 2005).
A. Nahata, A. S. Weling, and T. F. Heinz, “A wideband coherent terahertz spectroscopy system using optical rectification and electro-optic sampling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2321–2323 (1996). [CrossRef]
X. Xie, J. Xu, J. Dai, and X.-C. Zhang, “Enhancement of terahertz wave generation from laser induced plasma,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 141104 (2007). [CrossRef]

Abbott, D.
Alexander, M.
Antonetti, V.
Atakaramians, S.
Balakrishnan, J.
Bass, M.
Bliss, D.
Boccara, C.
Chai, L.
Chen, Q.
Dai, J.
Dakovski, G.
Fattinger, C.
Ferguson, B.
Fischer, B. M.
Franken, P. A.
Gresillon, S.
Grischkowsky, D.
Heinz, T. F.
Jin, Y.
Jones, I.
Kubera, B.
Lang, L.
Larkin, J.
Lecaque, R.
Li, S.
Lin, H.
Ma, X.
Ma, X. F.
Mickan, S. P.
Mourou, G.
Nahata, A.
Ng, B. W.-H.
Orszag, A.
Png, G. M.
Rice, A.
Shan, J.
Stancampiano, C. V.
Tian, Z.
Ung, B. S. Y.
Wang, K.
Wang, Q.
Ward, J. F.
Weinreich, G.
Weling, A. S.
Withayachumnankul, W.
Xie, X.
Xing, Q.
Xu, J.
Yin, X.
Zhang, N.
Zhang, X.-C.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

X.-C. Zhang, Y. Jin, and X. F. Ma, “Coherent measurement of THz optical rectification from electro-optic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 2764–2766 (1992). [CrossRef]
A. Rice, Y. Jin, X. Ma, X.-C. Zhang, D. Bliss, J. Larkin, and M. Alexander, “Terahertz optical rectification from _110_ zinc-blende crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1324–1326 (1994). [CrossRef]
Q. Chen, and X.-C. Zhang, “Polarization modulation in optoelectronic generation and detection of terahertz beams,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 3435–3437 (1999). [CrossRef]
G. Mourou, C. V. Stancampiano, V. Antonetti, and A. Orszag, “Picosecond microwave pulses generated with a subpicosecond laser-driven semiconductor switch,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 39, 295–296 (1981). [CrossRef]
C. Fattinger, and D. Grischkowsky, “Point source terahertz optics,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 1480–1482 (1988). [CrossRef]
A. Nahata, A. S. Weling, and T. F. Heinz, “A wideband coherent terahertz spectroscopy system using optical rectification and electro-optic sampling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2321–2323 (1996). [CrossRef]
X. Xie, J. Xu, J. Dai, and X.-C. Zhang, “Enhancement of terahertz wave generation from laser induced plasma,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 141104 (2007). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

G. Dakovski, B. Kubera, and J. Shan, “Localized terahertz generation via optical rectification in ZnTe,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22, 1667–1670 (2005). [CrossRef]

Opt. Commun.

Q. Xing, L. Lang, Z. Tian, N. Zhang, S. Li, K. Wang, L. Chai, and Q. Wang, “The effect of two-photon absorption and optical excitation area on the generation of THz radiation,” Opt. Commun. 267, 422–426 (2006). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

R. Lecaque, S. Gresillon, and C. Boccara, “THz emission Microscopy with sub-wavelength broadband source,” Opt. Express 16, 4731–4738 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

J. Xu, and X.-C. Zhang, “Optical rectification in an area with a diameter comparable to or smaller than the center wavelength of terahertz radiation,” Opt. Lett. 27, 1067–1069 (1999). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

M. Bass, P. A. Franken, J. F. Ward, and G. Weinreich, “Optical rectification,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 9, 446–448 (1962). [CrossRef]

Proc. IEEE

W. Withayachumnankul, G. M. Png, X. Yin, S. Atakaramians, I. Jones, H. Lin, B. S. Y. Ung, J. Balakrishnan, B. W.-H. Ng, B. Ferguson, S. P. Mickan, B. M. Fischer, and D. Abbott, “T-ray sensing and imaging,” Proc. IEEE 95, 1528–1558 (2007). [CrossRef]

Other

B. E. A. Saleh, and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics (John Wiley & Sons, 1991). [CrossRef]
S. J. Orfanidis, Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas (http://www.ece.rutgers.edu/orfanidi/ewa/ch17.pdf, 2008).
C. Fumeaux, D. Baumann, S. Atakaramians, and E. Li “Considerations on paraxial Gaussian beam source conditions for time-domain full-wave simulations,” 25th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics, 401 – 406 (2009).
T. Yuan, S. P. Mickan, J. Xu, D. Abbott, and X.-C. Zhang “Towards an apertureless electro-optic T-ray microscope,” CLEO, 637 – 638 (2002).
T. Hattori, K. Tukamoto, R. Rungsawang, and H. Nakatsuka, “Knife edge measurement of tightly focused terahertz pulses,” The 8th International Workshop on Femtosecond Technology, 1 (2001).
C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design (John Wiley & Sons, 1997).
A. Taflove, and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (Artech House, 2005).

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