Femtosecond laser written optical waveguide amplifier in phospho-tellurite glass

doi:10.1364/OE.18.020289

Femtosecond laser written optical waveguide amplifier in phospho-tellurite glass

T. Toney Fernandez, S. M. Eaton, G. Della Valle, R. Martinez Vazquez, M. Irannejad, G. Jose, A. Jha, G. Cerullo, R. Osellame, and P. Laporta »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 19, pp. 20289-20297 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.020289

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Abstract

We report on the first demonstration of an optical waveguide amplifier in phospho-tellurite glass providing net gain at 1.5 μm. The device was fabricated using a high repetition rate femtosecond laser and exhibited internal gain across 100-nm bandwidth covering the entire C + L telecom bands.

OCIS Codes
(130.3120) Integrated optics : Integrated optics devices
(140.3390) Lasers and laser optics : Laser materials processing
(160.5690) Materials : Rare-earth-doped materials
(230.7380) Optical devices : Waveguides, channeled

ToC Category:
Integrated Optics

History
Original Manuscript: July 13, 2010
Revised Manuscript: August 8, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: August 10, 2010
Published: September 8, 2010

Citation
T. Toney Fernandez, S. M. Eaton, G. Della Valle, R. Martinez Vazquez, M. Irannejad, G. Jose, A. Jha, G. Cerullo, R. Osellame, and P. Laporta, "Femtosecond laser written optical waveguide amplifier in phospho-tellurite glass," Opt. Express 18, 20289-20297 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-20289

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References

G. Della Valle, R. Osellame, and P. Laporta, “Micromachining of photonic devices by femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 11(1), 013001 (2009). [CrossRef]
R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 219–225 (2008). [CrossRef]
M. Ams, G. D. Marshall, P. Dekker, J. A. Piper, and M. J. Withford, “Ultrafast laser written active devices,” Laser Photon. Rev. 3(6), 535–544 (2009). [CrossRef]
Y. Sikorski, A. A. Said, P. Bado, R. Maynard, C. Florea, and K. A. Winick, “Optical waveguide amplifier in Nd-doped glass written with near-IR femtosecond laser pulses,” Electron. Lett. 36(3), 226–227 (2000). [CrossRef]
R. Osellame, S. Taccheo, G. Cerullo, M. Marangoni, D. Polli, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, and S. De Silvestri, “Optical gain in Er-Yb doped waveguides fabricated by fs-laser pulses,” Electron. Lett. 38(17), 964 (2002). [CrossRef]
G. Della Valle, R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, S. Taccheo, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, M. Lederer, and D. Kopf, “C-band waveguide amplifier produced by femtosecond laser writing,” Opt. Express 13(16), 5976–5982 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. R. Thomson, N. D. Psaila, S. J. Beecher, and A. K. Kar, “Ultrafast laser inscription of a high-gain Er-doped bismuthate glass waveguide amplifier,” Opt. Express 18(12), 13212–13219 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. Nandi, G. Jose, C. Jayakrishnan, S. Debbarma, K. Chalapathi, K. Alti, A. K. Dharmadhikari, J. A. Dharmadhikari, and D. Mathur, “Femtosecond laser written channel waveguides in tellurite glass,” Opt. Express 14(25), 12145–12150 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
T. T. Fernandez, G. Della Valle, R. Osellame, G. Jose, N. Chiodo, A. Jha, and P. Laporta, “Active waveguides written by femtosecond laser irradiation in an erbium-doped phospho-tellurite glass,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15198–15205 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Ramme, T. P. Anderson, J. Choi, H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, T. M. Monro, and M. C. Richardson, “Waveguide Writing and Characterization in Tellurite Glass,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Optical Society of America, 2009), p. JWA4.
N. Q. Khánh, S. Berneschi, I. Bányász, M. Brenci, M. Fried, G. Nunzi Conti, F. Pászti, S. Pelli, G. C. Righini, and A. Watterich, “Fabrication of channel waveguides in Er3+-doped tellurite glass via N+ ion implantation,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 267(12-13), 2327–2330 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. J. Madden and K. T. Vu, “Very low loss reactively ion etched Tellurium Dioxide planar rib waveguides for linear and non-linear optics,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17645–17651 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
V. P. Gapontsev, S. Matitsin, A. A. Isineev, and V. B. Kravchenko, “Erbium glass laser and their applications,” Opt. Laser Technol. 14(4), 189–196 (1982). [CrossRef]
B. C. Hwang, S. Jiang, T. Luo, G. Sorbello, and N. Peyghambarian, “Cooperative upconversion and energy transfer of new high Er3+ and Yb3+-Er3+ doped phosphate glasses,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(5), 833–839 (2000). [CrossRef]
S. Todoroki, K. Hirao, and N. Soga, ““Local structure around rare-earth ions in indium- and lead-based fluoride glasses with high upconversion efficiency,” J. Non-Crystal,” Solids 143, 46–51 (1992).
S. Shen, B. Richards, and A. Jha, “Enhancement in pump inversion efficiency at 980 nm in Er(3+), Er(3+)/Eu(3+)+ and Er(3+)/Ce(3+) doped tellurite glass fibers,” Opt. Express 14(12), 5050–5054 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Jha, S. Shen, and M. Naftaly, “Structural origin of spectral broadening of 1.5-μm emission in Er3+-doped tellurite glasses,” Phys. Rev. B 62(10), 6215–6227 (2000). [CrossRef]
G. S. Murugan, T. Suzuki, and Y. Ohishi, “Raman characteristics and nonlinear optical properties of tellurite and phosphotellurite glasses containing heavy metal oxides with ultrabroad Raman bands,” J. Appl. Phys. 100(2), 023107–023106 (2006). [CrossRef]
T. Sekiya, N. Mochida, and A. Soejima, ““Raman spectra of binary tellurite glasses containing tri- or tetra-valent cations,” J. Non-Crystal,” Solids 191, 115–123 (1995).
N. Jaba, A. Mermet, E. Duval, and B. Champagnon, “Raman spectroscopy studies of Er3+-doped zinc tellurite glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351(10-11), 833–837 (2005). [CrossRef]
N. Vedeanu, O. Cozar, I. Ardelean, B. Lendl, and D. A. Magdas, “Raman spectroscopic study of CuO-V2O5-P2O5-CaO glass system,” Vib. Spectrosc. 48(2), 259–262 (2008). [CrossRef]
C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, E. Simova, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, and P. B. Corkum, “High-resolution study of photoinduced modification in fused silica produced by a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam in the presence of aberrations,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(1), 013517 (2005). [CrossRef]
V. Diez-Blanco, J. Siegel, and J. Solis, “Waveguide structures written in SF57 glass with fs-laser pulses above the critical self-focusing threshold,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 252(13), 4523–4526 (2006). [CrossRef]
D. M. Rayner, A. Naumov, and P. B. Corkum, “Ultrashort pulse non-linear optical absorption in transparent media,” Opt. Express 13(9), 3208–3217 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. M. Eaton, H. Zhang, M. L. Ng, J. Li, W.-J. Chen, S. Ho, and P. R. Herman, “Transition from thermal diffusion to heat accumulation in high repetition rate femtosecond laser writing of buried optical waveguides,” Opt. Express 16(13), 9443–9458 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. Oberson, B. Gisin, B. Huttner, and N. Gisin, “Refracted near-field measurements of refractive index and geometry of silica-on-silicon integrated optical waveguides,” Appl. Opt. 37(31), 7268–7272 (1998). [CrossRef]
R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, “Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12(2), 277–285 (2006). [CrossRef]
L. McCaughan and E. J. Murphy, “Influence of temperature and initial titanium dimensions on fiber Ti:lithium niobate waveguide insertion loss at 1.3 microns,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 19, 131–136 (1983). [CrossRef]
P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson, and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (Academic Press, 1998).

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[1] G. Della Valle, R. Osellame, and P. Laporta, “Micromachining of photonic devices by femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 11(1), 013001 (2009). [CrossRef]

[2] R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 219–225 (2008). [CrossRef]

[3] M. Ams, G. D. Marshall, P. Dekker, J. A. Piper, and M. J. Withford, “Ultrafast laser written active devices,” Laser Photon. Rev. 3(6), 535–544 (2009). [CrossRef]

[4] Y. Sikorski, A. A. Said, P. Bado, R. Maynard, C. Florea, and K. A. Winick, “Optical waveguide amplifier in Nd-doped glass written with near-IR femtosecond laser pulses,” Electron. Lett. 36(3), 226–227 (2000). [CrossRef]

[5] R. Osellame, S. Taccheo, G. Cerullo, M. Marangoni, D. Polli, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, and S. De Silvestri, “Optical gain in Er-Yb doped waveguides fabricated by fs-laser pulses,” Electron. Lett. 38(17), 964 (2002). [CrossRef]

[6] G. Della Valle, R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, S. Taccheo, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, M. Lederer, and D. Kopf, “C-band waveguide amplifier produced by femtosecond laser writing,” Opt. Express 13(16), 5976–5982 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] R. R. Thomson, N. D. Psaila, S. J. Beecher, and A. K. Kar, “Ultrafast laser inscription of a high-gain Er-doped bismuthate glass waveguide amplifier,” Opt. Express 18(12), 13212–13219 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] P. Nandi, G. Jose, C. Jayakrishnan, S. Debbarma, K. Chalapathi, K. Alti, A. K. Dharmadhikari, J. A. Dharmadhikari, and D. Mathur, “Femtosecond laser written channel waveguides in tellurite glass,” Opt. Express 14(25), 12145–12150 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] T. T. Fernandez, G. Della Valle, R. Osellame, G. Jose, N. Chiodo, A. Jha, and P. Laporta, “Active waveguides written by femtosecond laser irradiation in an erbium-doped phospho-tellurite glass,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15198–15205 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] M. Ramme, T. P. Anderson, J. Choi, H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, T. M. Monro, and M. C. Richardson, “Waveguide Writing and Characterization in Tellurite Glass,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Optical Society of America, 2009), p. JWA4.

[11] N. Q. Khánh, S. Berneschi, I. Bányász, M. Brenci, M. Fried, G. Nunzi Conti, F. Pászti, S. Pelli, G. C. Righini, and A. Watterich, “Fabrication of channel waveguides in Er3+-doped tellurite glass via N+ ion implantation,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 267(12-13), 2327–2330 (2009). [CrossRef]

[12] S. J. Madden and K. T. Vu, “Very low loss reactively ion etched Tellurium Dioxide planar rib waveguides for linear and non-linear optics,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17645–17651 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] V. P. Gapontsev, S. Matitsin, A. A. Isineev, and V. B. Kravchenko, “Erbium glass laser and their applications,” Opt. Laser Technol. 14(4), 189–196 (1982). [CrossRef]

[14] B. C. Hwang, S. Jiang, T. Luo, G. Sorbello, and N. Peyghambarian, “Cooperative upconversion and energy transfer of new high Er3+ and Yb3+-Er3+ doped phosphate glasses,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(5), 833–839 (2000). [CrossRef]

[15] S. Todoroki, K. Hirao, and N. Soga, ““Local structure around rare-earth ions in indium- and lead-based fluoride glasses with high upconversion efficiency,” J. Non-Crystal,” Solids 143, 46–51 (1992).

[16] S. Shen, B. Richards, and A. Jha, “Enhancement in pump inversion efficiency at 980 nm in Er(3+), Er(3+)/Eu(3+)+ and Er(3+)/Ce(3+) doped tellurite glass fibers,” Opt. Express 14(12), 5050–5054 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] A. Jha, S. Shen, and M. Naftaly, “Structural origin of spectral broadening of 1.5-μm emission in Er3+-doped tellurite glasses,” Phys. Rev. B 62(10), 6215–6227 (2000). [CrossRef]

[18] G. S. Murugan, T. Suzuki, and Y. Ohishi, “Raman characteristics and nonlinear optical properties of tellurite and phosphotellurite glasses containing heavy metal oxides with ultrabroad Raman bands,” J. Appl. Phys. 100(2), 023107–023106 (2006). [CrossRef]

[19] T. Sekiya, N. Mochida, and A. Soejima, ““Raman spectra of binary tellurite glasses containing tri- or tetra-valent cations,” J. Non-Crystal,” Solids 191, 115–123 (1995).

[20] N. Jaba, A. Mermet, E. Duval, and B. Champagnon, “Raman spectroscopy studies of Er3+-doped zinc tellurite glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351(10-11), 833–837 (2005). [CrossRef]

[21] N. Vedeanu, O. Cozar, I. Ardelean, B. Lendl, and D. A. Magdas, “Raman spectroscopic study of CuO-V2O5-P2O5-CaO glass system,” Vib. Spectrosc. 48(2), 259–262 (2008). [CrossRef]

[22] C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, E. Simova, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, and P. B. Corkum, “High-resolution study of photoinduced modification in fused silica produced by a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam in the presence of aberrations,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(1), 013517 (2005). [CrossRef]

[23] V. Diez-Blanco, J. Siegel, and J. Solis, “Waveguide structures written in SF57 glass with fs-laser pulses above the critical self-focusing threshold,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 252(13), 4523–4526 (2006). [CrossRef]

[24] D. M. Rayner, A. Naumov, and P. B. Corkum, “Ultrashort pulse non-linear optical absorption in transparent media,” Opt. Express 13(9), 3208–3217 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[25] S. M. Eaton, H. Zhang, M. L. Ng, J. Li, W.-J. Chen, S. Ho, and P. R. Herman, “Transition from thermal diffusion to heat accumulation in high repetition rate femtosecond laser writing of buried optical waveguides,” Opt. Express 16(13), 9443–9458 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[26] P. Oberson, B. Gisin, B. Huttner, and N. Gisin, “Refracted near-field measurements of refractive index and geometry of silica-on-silicon integrated optical waveguides,” Appl. Opt. 37(31), 7268–7272 (1998). [CrossRef]

[27] R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, “Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12(2), 277–285 (2006). [CrossRef]

[28] L. McCaughan and E. J. Murphy, “Influence of temperature and initial titanium dimensions on fiber Ti:lithium niobate waveguide insertion loss at 1.3 microns,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 19, 131–136 (1983). [CrossRef]

[29] P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson, and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (Academic Press, 1998).

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Femtosecond laser written optical waveguide amplifier in phospho-tellurite glass